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PRINCIPLES OF
TRANSLATION
Rida Wahyuningrum
English DepartmentFaculty of Language an Science
Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
By the end of this lecture, you will be able to answer questions about:
1. The definition of translation2. Theories of translation3. Types of translation
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
What is Translation?
Translation is defined as substituting a text in a source language (SL) with that in a target one (TL)
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Translation is the expression in another language (or target language) of what has been expressed in another, source
language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Translation involves the transposition of thoughts expressed in one language by one social group into the appropriate expression of another group, entails a process of cultural de-coding, re-coding and en-coding
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
What is the Result of
Translation?
Similar semanticand pragmatic aspects
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Theories of
Translation
Why similar?
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Theories of translation fall into two categories in term of their purposes:
1. To express as exactly as possible the full force and meaning of every word and of phrase in the SL
2. To produce a result that does not read like a translation at all, but that moves in its new dress with the same ease as in its native rendering
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
To consider which should come first and which second, it depends on whats in the translators mind; and when the two are in conflict and it is therefore necessary to choose between them, the question is which side is to be sacrificed.
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Adi Buana PGRI University, Surabaya
In general, theories of translation can be simply described as follows :
What are Types of Translation?
1. Language Discourse2. Language Hierarchy3. Level of Content
(interlanguage transformation)
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Translation Based on Language Discourse
1. Literature2. Journalism3. Newspaper4. Science5. Documents
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Translating Literary Texts
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Translating Texts of Journalism and Newspaper
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Translating Texts of Science
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Translating Texts of Documents
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Translation Based on Language Hierarchy
1. Phonemic Level2. Morphemic Level3. Word Level4. Phrase Level5. Sentence Level6. Text Level
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
PHONEMIC LEVEL
This kind of translation is used restrictedly on proper and geographical names.
For example: Diana [daiaen] in Bahasa Indonesia it is pronounced [diana].
Hi! My name is[daiaen]
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
MORPHEMIC LEVEL
Translation of this level makes effort at finding some synonyms in TL for those of SL.
one-sided searah, sepihakauto swapre prabi dwi
Two-sided road
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
WORD LEVEL
Kemarin dia datang kemari.
Yesterday he came here.
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
PHRASE LEVEL
-A fly in the ointment rintangan kecil
-A drop in the bucket setetes air di lautan
-The salt of the earth putra terbaik
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
SENTENCE LEVEL
Every dark cloud has a silver lining
senang susah permainan hidup
Birds of a feather flock together
seperti minyak di dalam air
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
TEXT LEVEL
Translation of text level sees a text as a whole point of translation unit, mainly the group of independent sentences. A good example for this kind of translation is translating poems.
Bunga lembayung biru warnanyaKesemuanya untuklah sayaBukan untuk andaBila berkesempatanAnda menggantikanHati-hatilah dengan tinjukuAkan mendarat di wajahmu
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
Translation Based on
Level of Content
This type refers to the manner of the content of an SL text presentation into that of TL for the sake of an adequate translation.
Rida Wahyuningrum English Department
Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
See you again in the
discussion
of
ADEQUATE
TRANSLATION
Rida Wahyuningrum
English DepartmentFaculty of Language an Science
Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya