Lecture 1 1

Introduction to Information Systems

Lecture 1 2

Objectives

Describe an information system and explain its components

Describe the characteristics of Business Information Systems

Identify six common business information systems and describe their primary features

Lecture 1 3

Why do businesses depend on computers more than ever? Global competition Intense pressure for quality Information technology can mean the

difference between survival and failure

Introduction

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What is required for successful business information systems? The right hardware and software A team of talented, motivated people who use

information technology to achieve business goals

Introduction

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Systems and Procedures

Procedures specify how the work must be done

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Systems and Procedures

Procedures specify how the work must be done

A system is a group of related procedures for a specific business function

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Systems and Procedures

Procedures specify how the work must be done

A system is a group of related procedures for a specific business function

Data is basic facts that are the system's raw material

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Systems and Procedures

Procedures specify how work must be done A system is a group of related procedures for a

specific business function Data is basic facts that are the system's raw

material Processing transforms input into accurate,

meaningful business information

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Information System Components

Hardware Software Data Procedures People

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Hardware is the physical layer of the information system

Information System Components

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Software System software controls the hardware and

software environment and includes the operating system

Application software consists of programs that that process data to produce information.

In-house applications - system developed by the IS department

Information System Components

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Data stored in files and databases is a vital component of every system

Information is either produced directly or derived from data

Information System Components

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Procedures define the tasks that must be performed by users, managers, and IS staff

Described in written documentation manuals and online reference material

Information System Components

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People who use the system are called users, or end users, and include employees, customers, vendors, or others who interact with the system

Information System Components

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Business Information Systems

Companies are classified based on their main activities: Production-oriented (industrial) companies that

manufacture & sell goods Service companies that mainly offer

information, services, or sell goods made by others

Combined industrial & service companies

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Governmental organizations - similar to service companies because they provide a wide range of services

Business information system of a company normally consists of a series of subsystems

Business Information Systems

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Business Information Systems

4 main characteristics affect a business information system’s complexity Relationships with other systems Boundaries Specialized business needs Size of the company

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Types of Information Systems

Operational systems Management information systems Decision support systems Executive information systems Expert systems Office systems

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Types of Information Systems

Operational systems process data generated by day-to-day business transactions

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Types of Information Systems

Management information systems generate timely and accurate information for top, middle, and lower managers

Decision support systems help managers make business decisions by analyzing data and providing a what-if model

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Executive information systems support information requirements of top-level managers who make unstructured decisions

Expert systems simulate human reasoning and decision-making using a knowledge base and inference rules

Types of Information Systems

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Office systems are used by knowledge workers Elements include

Local and wide area networking Electronic mail, voice mail, and fax Video conferencing, word processing, automated

calendars, electronic filing Database management, spreadsheets, desktop

publishing, presentation graphics Company intranets, and Internet access throughout

the company

Types of Information Systems

Lecture 1 23

End of Lecture 1