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Introduction to

Psychology asScience

This is a twelve-week introductory psychology cours

taught in the first year of college. Psychology is a br

that examines the mind and behavior, and this cours

the many areas studied by psychologists.

Dr. Anderson D. SmithRegents’ Professor Emeritus of Psychology 

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Nature of disorders

Schizophrenia

Depression and mood

disorders

Treatment of

psy cho logica l disorders

Psychological

Disorders

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What causes

pschologicaldisorders?

Psychological

Disorder

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Psychological

Disorder

PSYCHOLOGICAL

INFLUENCES

StressMood related

Learned

helpfulness

BIOLOGICAL

INFLUENCES

Evolution

Individual genes

Brain structure

and chemistry

SOCIAL-CULTURAL

INFLUENCES

Roles

Expectations

Cultural norms

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Learned Helplessness

(Martin Seligman)

Bad events

you cannot

control

Nothing you can

do to control

events

Learned

Helplessness

Perceived Control Happiness

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Diagnostic andStatistical Manual ofMental Disorders

Developed by American

Psychiatric Association DSM-V (May 18, 2013)

Over 400 disordersdefined in DSM

DSM-IV (1994)

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DSM- V

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Four axes1. Clinical syndrome?

2. Personality disorder orretardation?

3. Physical medicalcondition present?

4. Social/environmentalproblems?

5. Ability to function?

DSM - V

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Autistic disordersrenamed

Added (new disorders) Binge eating disorder

Binge drinking disorder

Excoriation (skin picking)disorder

Hoarding disorder

Specific learning disorders:oral language, reading,written language, math

DSM IV to DSM V

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Anxiety disorders

Mood disorders

Schizophrenia

Personalitydisorders

Childhood disorders

Disorders

 

 

 

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Generalized anxiety Panic

Obsessive-compulsive

Post-traumatic stressdisorder

Dissociative

Phobia(Paraskavidekatriaphobia)

Anxiety disorders

Phobialist.com

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Extremes of normal traits

Inflexible patterns ofbehavior

Impairs the person’sfunctioning

Not serious psychologicaldisorder

Difficult to diagnose

DSM-V (draft) proposes sixpersonality disorders

Personality disorders

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DSM -1 DSM -2 DSM -3 DSM -4 DSM -5

15 10 11 10 6

Personality disorders

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1. Schizotypal  – odd thoughtsor behaviors

2. Borderline – Difficulty ininterpersonal behavior;wide mood swings

3. Obsessive-compulsive  – Rigidly follows rules;perfectionist

Personality disorders

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1. Avoidant – Strongfeelings of socialinadequacy

2. Narcissistic  – Grandioseview of own importance;

demands attention3. Antisocial – Behaviors

destructive to self andothers

Personalilty disorders

4.

5.

6.

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ADHD – AttentionDeficit andHyperactivity Disorder Easily distracted

Difficult to completetasks

Inability to concentrate

Starts before age 7

Controversial diagnosis

Childhood Disorders

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Autism spectrum

Problems communicating

Impaired social interactions

Repetitive behaviors

DSM-V has eliminatedAsperger’s syndrome and

collapsed it into Autism

Spectrum

Childhood disorders