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8/9/2019 Lecture 12 Mushrooms Nimi
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Agaricomycetidae
Gilled Mushrooms and Boletes
General Mycology Pl P 421/521
Lecture 13
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From Hibbett (2006). Mycologia 98: 917--925
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Spore print
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basidium
basidiospores
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Basidiospore discharge
Hilar appeni!
"#ller rop
Film o$ %ater on &pore
&terigmata
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http://www.forestpathology.org/graphics/clamp.gif
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Basidiocarps; asidiomes
Mushroom an agaric or olete asidiocarp! especially an
edile one
"oadstool an inedile #or poisonous$ asidiocarp o% an
agaric or olete
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&'(!((( descried species
1(!((( %leshy macro%ungi
#mushrooms$
4(( species
Proaly poisonous
2( common
poisonous species
) * common
lethal species
2!((( species
proaly edile
1(( species
+idely pic,ed
'( species gro+n
e-perimentally
4( species gro+ncommercially
5.* species gro+n
on large scale
15.3( species
commonly eaten
rom 0 Benamin
15 Mushrooms
Poisons and Panaceas
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Macroscopic characters
pore color in mass
#spore print$
Gills or tues 6% gills! ho+ are they
attached7 6% tues! si8e and
arrangement7
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freeadnexed
adnate
notched decurrent triangular
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Basidiocarp stature Cap (pileus) shape Stalk (stipe)
attachment Cap margin Presence or absence
of partial eil and
annulus Presence or absence
of ola! uniersal
eil or remnants Stalk shape "erall proportion of
cap and stalk
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Cap Shape
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tal, attachment
C#$%&'
#CC#$%&C
'%#&'
S%P##SS
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9olor
Cap Color change*
• +ygrophanous
• ,lueing
• ,ruising
-ills or pores o they change color as
the spores mature*
Stalk
lesh ,lueing ,ruising &eddening
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:ther characters
Glutinous or dry cap
Presence o% late- 9olor o% late-!
including changes "e-ture on cap and
stal, cales! %irils! etc
:erall te-ture o%
asidiocarp lesh rittle! tough!
%ragile
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Associations
<o+ do the mushroomsgro+7 ingly
6n clumps #%airy rings7$ 6n clusters =here does the
mushroom gro+7 Grass! pastures! tur% :n other %ungal %ruiting
odies Associated +ith trees
• >ear trees #+hat types o%trees7$
• :n decaying +ood• :n cones or pods
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Microscopic %eatures
Basidiospores..si8e!shape! ornamentation!
germ pores
eaction o% spores in
<2:4! Mel8er?s! @:< i8e and shape o%
asidia! numer o%
asidiospores/asidium
tructure o% gill trama egular #parallel$ 6rregular #inter+oen$ Bilateral #diergent$ 6nerse #conergent$
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Microscopic characters #cont$
Presence o% speciali8ed cells in tertiary
mycelium phaerocysts! lacti%erous hyphae
Arrangement o% cells in cap cuticle! stal,
cuticle
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Miscellaneous 9haracters
"aste Bitter <ot Mild
mell Pleasant #mushroomy! %ruity! li,e almonds!
etc$ npleasant #phenolic! %etid! etc$
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ussulales
Brittle %lesh due to
presence o%
sphaerocysts
Basidiospores +ith
amyloid
ornamentation
Mil,y late- #Lactarius$ >o late- #Russula$
Mycorrhi8al
Russula rosacea
Lactarius deliciosus
photo by red Steens
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Russula brevipes ( Short stemmed &ussula)
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ree gills Partial eil
remaining as anannulus
niersal eilremaining as olaand patches on cap
Mycorrhi8al -ampleC Amanita
Amanitaceae
Amanita muscaria (the ly 'garic)
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Amanita phalloides (the eath Cap)
Photo by ,renda Callan
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Lepiotaceae
ree gills
Partial eil remaining
as annulus
Lac, o% ola
aprotrophs! o%ten%orming %airy rings
-ampleC LepiotaLepiota (Macrolepiota) rachodes
photo from 1atch1aker
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<ygrophoraceae
=a-y.loo,ing gills
due to long! narro+
asidia
:%ten rightly colored#Hygrocybe$; other
species in
Hygrophorus
Mycorrhi8al andsaprotrophic species
Hygrocybe coccinea
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"richolomataceaeC Armillaria
Photos y aini ippi
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"richolomataceaeC Clitocybe
Clitocybe dilatata by &aini &ippi
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"richolomatacaeC Lentinus and
allies
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"richolomatacaeC Pleurotus and
allies
Pleurocybella porrigens'ngel 2ings
Pleurotus sp. "yster 1ushroom
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"richolomatacaeC Tricholoma
Tricholoma magnivelare (1atsutake)
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Pale pored %amilies
ntolomatacaeDe- Entoloma Basidiospores pin, in mass! angular or ried Attached gills "errestrial mushrooms #some mycorrhi8al$
PlutaceaeDe- Pluteus Basidiospores pin,ish in mass! smooth Many species gro+n on +ood
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ntoloma hirtipes
http!""###.$$i.pl"%enit"gr%yby&spyt"ga'.htm
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PlutaceaeC Pluteus
Pluteus cervinus from 1yco2eb
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Are the spores dar, in mass7
Agaricaceae
9oprinaceae
trophariaceae
9ortinariacae Gomphidiacae
Boletaceae
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Agaricaceae
9hocolate ro+n
spores
0istinct annulus
resulting %rom partial
eil
Gills %ree aprotrophs
-ampleC Agaricus
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6n,y 9aps
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trophariaceae
pores ro+n! purple.ro+n to purple
lac,! +ith distinct germ pore
aprotrophs
our +ell.,no+n generaC Pholiota Don +ood Stropharia Don dung! humus or +ood Naematoloma Din clusters on +ood Psilocybe Dgrass! +ood chips! dung
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trophariaceaeC Pholiota
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trophariaceaeC Stropharia
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trophariaceaeC Psilocybe
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Psilocybe cubensis (dried specimen) brought in to -ritman
#mergency &oom by ictim
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9ortinariaceae
Largest ro+n.spored %amily
6denti%ied y eliminating other %amilies
-amplesC
Cortinarius Erusty ro+n spores! cortina! mycorrhi8al Hebeloma Esimilar to Cortinarius ut lac,s cortina!
o%ten +ith radish.li,e odor Inocybe Edull ro+n! yello+ or gray %irillose caps
alerina Esmall ro+n mushrooms on +ood; deadly poisonous
C ti i
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Cortinarius
cortina
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Gomphidiaceae
mo,y.gray to lac, spores that are long
and narro+ #oletoid$
=a-y decurrent gills
Mycorrhi8al
-amplesC omphi!ius Eslimy cuticle! +hite %lesh! yello+
stal, ase Chroogomphus Eorange.colored %lesh
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,omphidius glutinosus
(+ideous -omphidius)
Chroogomphus rutilus
(Pine Spikes)
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Boletaceae
<ymenium %orms in a spongeli,e layer o% tuesor pores that can e cleanly separated %rom capin most ta-a! ut may also %orm gills #gilledoletes$
pores are ro+n! long and narro+ #oletoid$ Mycorrhi8al 9ommon generaC
Suillus "slimy or %irillose cap! partial eil
#uscoboletinusDli,e Suillus ut +ith dar,er spores!mycorrhi8al +ith larch $oletus Edry cap! no partial eil
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-oletus %elleri
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Slippery 5acks
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uillus cavipes
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/uscoboletinus ochraceoroseus (&osy arch ,olete)
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Phylloporus rhodo0anthus1
a gilled bolete
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Pa0illus atrotomentosus (6elet Pax)
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