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Lecture 18: Lecture 18: Triumphalism and Triumphalism and
the 1990sthe 1990s
February 18, 2009February 18, 2009
Honors program info Honors program info meetingmeeting
The Honors Student Advisory Panel presents: the The Honors Student Advisory Panel presents: the Honors Leadership Spotlight! James Donnen, Honors Leadership Spotlight! James Donnen, director of student services for the Jackson school director of student services for the Jackson school and director of the competitive International Studies and director of the competitive International Studies honors program, will be our first guest speaker in honors program, will be our first guest speaker in kicking-off this exciting new speaker series! In this kicking-off this exciting new speaker series! In this informal discussion, Jim will introduce the wide informal discussion, Jim will introduce the wide variety of resources available in the Jackson school variety of resources available in the Jackson school and, in particular, offer valuable insight into the and, in particular, offer valuable insight into the rigorous international studies honors program—its rigorous international studies honors program—its layout, benefits of departmental honors, the layout, benefits of departmental honors, the application process, students' past thesis topics, and application process, students' past thesis topics, and the post-graduation future of an international studies the post-graduation future of an international studies major. For those students considering applying to major. For those students considering applying to the honors department, don't miss this opportunity the honors department, don't miss this opportunity to get all those questions answered by a Jackson to get all those questions answered by a Jackson school insider! school insider!
Thursday, Feb. 19th from 12:30 to 2:30, Honors Thursday, Feb. 19th from 12:30 to 2:30, Honors Library (2Library (2ndnd Floor, MGH) Floor, MGH)
What now?What now? Remake the world—again?Remake the world—again? We won! Or they lost?We won! Or they lost?
Failure of Soviet political modelFailure of Soviet political model Failure of empire Failure of empire Failure of Soviet economic modelFailure of Soviet economic model
Stifles competitionStifles competition Misallocates resourcesMisallocates resources
The End of History?The End of History? Francis Fukuyama (1989)Francis Fukuyama (1989) Western liberal democracy as “the final form of human Western liberal democracy as “the final form of human
government” government” End of large-scale conflict involving large statesEnd of large-scale conflict involving large states Criticism: Is liberal democracy really inevitable, or Criticism: Is liberal democracy really inevitable, or
dependent on conditions?dependent on conditions? Attraction of US system depends on attraction of US Attraction of US system depends on attraction of US
and local culture/traditionsand local culture/traditions
Bush I’s “New World Bush I’s “New World Order”Order”Twice this century, out of the horrors of war Twice this century, out of the horrors of war
hope emerged for enduring peace. Twice before, hope emerged for enduring peace. Twice before, those hopes proved to be a distant dream, beyond those hopes proved to be a distant dream, beyond the grasp of man.the grasp of man.
Until now, the world we’ve known has been a Until now, the world we’ve known has been a world divided – a world of barbed wire and world divided – a world of barbed wire and concrete block, conflict and cold war.concrete block, conflict and cold war.
Now, we can see a new world coming into Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A world in which there is the very real view. A world in which there is the very real prospect of a new world order. In the words of prospect of a new world order. In the words of Winston Churchill, a "world order" in which "the Winston Churchill, a "world order" in which "the principles of justice and fair play ... protect the principles of justice and fair play ... protect the weak against the strong ..." A world where the weak against the strong ..." A world where the United Nations, freed from cold war stalemate, is United Nations, freed from cold war stalemate, is poised to fulfill the historic vision of its founders. A poised to fulfill the historic vision of its founders. A world in which freedom and respect for human world in which freedom and respect for human rights find a home among all nations.rights find a home among all nations.
MultilateralismMultilateralism
Integrate eastern bloc into Integrate eastern bloc into multilateral institutions multilateral institutions
Unite Germany, expand NATOUnite Germany, expand NATO
Why Expand NATO?Why Expand NATO?
Incentives for ex-communist blocIncentives for ex-communist bloc Security against revanchist Russia?Security against revanchist Russia? Symbolism Symbolism Because it was thereBecause it was there Dealing with emerging threatsDealing with emerging threats
Problem? Russia not happyProblem? Russia not happy
MultilateralismMultilateralism
Integrate eastern bloc into Integrate eastern bloc into multilateral institutions multilateral institutions
Unite Germany, expand NATOUnite Germany, expand NATO New trade agreements: NAFTA, New trade agreements: NAFTA,
APEC, WTOAPEC, WTO
Peace DividendsPeace Dividends
US defense cutsUS defense cuts Proliferation of democraciesProliferation of democracies End of (some) 3End of (some) 3rdrd world civil wars: world civil wars:
Mozambique, Angola, El Salvador, Mozambique, Angola, El Salvador, NicuraguaNicuragua
End of apartheid in South Africa End of apartheid in South Africa (1994) (1994)
Israeli-Palestinian Peace ProcessIsraeli-Palestinian Peace Process
The Clinton Era (1992-The Clinton Era (1992-2000)2000)
Continuation of multilateralismContinuation of multilateralism Optimism Optimism Unprecedented growth (US grew 27% 1990-98)Unprecedented growth (US grew 27% 1990-98) Focus on economics, unfocused foreign policyFocus on economics, unfocused foreign policy Dark clouds on the horizon (“rogue states”, civil Dark clouds on the horizon (“rogue states”, civil
wars, AIDS in Africa)wars, AIDS in Africa) Democrats: peace, prosperity, US soft powerDemocrats: peace, prosperity, US soft power Republicans: 1992-2000= “holiday from history”Republicans: 1992-2000= “holiday from history” Future historians: The limbo period sandwiched Future historians: The limbo period sandwiched
between the Cold War and Terror War between the Cold War and Terror War