EE142 Lecture19
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Amin Arbabian
Jan M. Rabaey
Lecture 19:
Introduction to Mixers
EE142 – Fall 2010
Nov. 2nd, 2010
University of California, Berkeley
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Cascode LNA
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Noise from Cascode Device
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Cascode Noise
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Differential LNA Design
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APPENDIX 1
CORRELATED NOISE
ANALYSIS
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Correlated Noise Sources (Equiv. Noise Gen.)
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Noise Figure of Two-Port
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Optimum Source Impedance
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Minimum Noise Figure
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INTRODUCTION TO MIXERS
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Introduction to Mixers
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Mixer Operation
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Ideal Mixing
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Ideal Mixing (2)
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Mixer + Filter
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Example
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Receiver Application
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Image Rejection
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Image Reject Filter
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RF Filtering
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Direct Conversion Receiver
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Direct Conversion (Zero-IF)
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Example
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LO Phase in Direct Conversion
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IQ Mixer
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Modulation in Amplitude
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I-Q Plane
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General Modulator
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Digital Modulation (BPSK, QPSK)
For instance, if we transmit 𝐼 𝑡 = ±1 this represents one
bit transmission per cycle. But since the I and Q are
orthogonal signals, we can improve the efficiency of
transmission by also transmitting symbols on the Q axis.
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Increasing Bits per Cycle
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Hartley Mixer
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Delay Operation
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Multiplying by a Complex Signal
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Multiplying by a Real Signal
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Image Problem (Different View)
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Sine / Cosine Mixing
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Image Rejection
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+/- 45 Degree Circuits
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Other Issues