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7/28/2019 Lecture 1Slide IT
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LECTURE 1:
IT IN THE ORGANIZATION: Introduction to
IT in Business Organization
Professor Dr Nor Laila Md Noor
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lecture student will be able to:1. Define information systems and information technology.
2. Describe major technology trend.
3. Describe the role of IT and IS in business.
4. Demonstrate an understanding of the importance oflearning about IT in the digital economy
2 Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
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CONCEPTS OF ITINFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
-
Data, Information and KnowledgeIT Concepts and Components
IT Infrastructure and Architecture
Application Tradition of IT
The relationship among data,
information, & knowledge.
Data is random collection until organized sothat they have meaning & value to recipient.
Information is raw data that (1) has been
verified to be accurate and timely, (2) is
specific and organized for a purpose, (3) is
presented within a context that gives it
meaning and relevance, and which (4) leads
to increase in understanding and decrease in
uncertainty. The value of information lies
solely in its ability to affect a behavior,
decision, or outcome. A piece of information
is considered valueless if, after receiving it,
things remain unchanged.
Knowledge consists of data and/or
information that have been organized and
processed to covey understanding,
experience, accumulated learning &
expertise as they apply to a current problem
or activity.Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
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CONCEPTS OF ITINFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Data, Information and Knowledge
IT Concepts and ComponentsIT Infrastructure and Architecture
Application Tradition of IT
Information Systems
People ProcessInformation
Technology
Management
Technology:the process by which humansmodify nature to meet their needs and wants
Tangible products physical artifacts: e.g.,
computer, software, aircraft, etc
Intangibles products knowledge and
process necessary to create and operates
the tangible products, e.g., engineering know-how and design, manufacturing expertise,
technical skills
Information Systems (IS):Combination of technology (what), people
(who) and process (how) that organization
uses to produce and manage information
Information Technology (IT):
All forms of technology used to create,
store, exchange and use information
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
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CONCEPTS OF ITINFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Data, Information and Knowledge
IT Concepts and ComponentsIT Infrastructure and Architecture
Application Tradition of IT
Physical embodiment of IT has three constituents Processing:modifies digital information under the direction of the
software
Storage:conveys digital information from one time to another
Communication:conveys digital information from one place toanother
Consists of Hardware Servers, PCs, Printers, Scanners
purchasing, installing, maintaining, troubleshooting, updating, replacing, training
Software- Access, Netscape, Word, PowerPoint, Outlook, OperatingSystems (Windows (NT, 9x), Linux, MacOS) purchasing, installing, maintaining, troubleshooting, upgrading, solving
configuration problems, training Networks- Cables, PC Network Cards, Hubs, Routers, Ports,
Network OS purchasing, hardware, software, setup, maintenance, troubleshooting
Databases - Access DB, Oracle DB design, programming, maintaining (changing, updating), admittance,
troubleshooting, conversion, trainingNor Laila Md Noor (2012)
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CONCEPTS OF ITINFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Data, Information and Knowledge
IT Concepts and ComponentsIT Infrastructure and Architecture
Application Tradition of IT
Web Applications- static pages, forms, links, interactive
(Sabio), e-journals hardware, software, networks, databases
design, programming, maintaining, updating, permissions,troubleshooting, training
Security networks, OS, software, hardware
backups, firewalls, encryption, authentication and validation, lockingdevices
User Support- help desk, telephone support, user training,automated help, troubleshooting, tech. availability
Management equipment, software and people, planning,research and development vendor relationship, scheduling, technology refresh, personnel,
communication with rest of Library, University and IT community,budgeting, marketing, tech. staff training
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
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IT Infrastructure Refers to everything that supports the flow and processing ofinformation in an organization including hardware, software, dataand network components
Basically is the physical hardware used to interconnectcomputers and users.
Infrastructure includes the transmission media, including telephonelines, cable television lines, and satellites and antennas, and also therouters, aggregators, repeaters, and other devices that controltransmission paths.
Infrastructure also includes the software used to send, receive, andmanage the signals that are transmitted.
In some usages, infrastructure refers to interconnecting hardware andsoftware and not to computers and other devices that areinterconnected.
However to some information technology users, infrastructureis viewed as everything that supports the flow and processing
of information.
CONCEPTS OF ITINFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Data, Information and Knowledge
IT Concepts and Components
IT Infrastructure and ArchitectureApplication Tradition of IT
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The IT Architecture is a blueprint that is developed,implemented, maintained and used to explain and guidehow an organizations IT and information managementwork together to efficiently accomplish the mission of theorganization
IT Architecture addresses the following views: Business activities and processes
Data sets and information flows
Applications and software
Technology
When doing the IT Architecture needs to focus on
The business activities (work) performed including business performancemeasure
Data sets and information flows needed to perform the activities
The application and software needed to capture and manipulate theinformation sets
The technology (computer, network, communications) needed to run theapplications
CONCEPTS OF ITINFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Data, Information and Knowledge
IT Concepts and Components
IT Infrastructure and ArchitectureApplication Tradition of IT
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
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CONCEPTS OF ITINFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Data, Information and Knowledge
IT Concepts and Components
IT Infrastructure and Architecture
Application Tradition of IT
Technology
Processing Storage Communication
Time
Socio-technical
Collaboration
Publication
Database
Document
Algorithmic
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
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CONCEPTS OF IT
INFORMATION SYSTEMSTECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Basic Component of ISSchematic View of IS
IS in Organizational Process
IS Value
The basic components of information systems.
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
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CONCEPTS OF IT
INFORMATION SYSTEMSTECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Basic Component of IS
Schematic View of ISIS in Organizational Process
IS Value
A Schematic View of an Information System
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
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CONCEPTS OF IT
INFORMATION SYSTEMSTECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Basic Component of IS
Schematic View of IS
IS in Organizational ProcessIS Value
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS
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CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TRENDIT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Co-Evolution of Key IT ComponentsIT Trending Model
Computing Vs. Connectivity Era
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS C E l ti f K IT C t
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CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TRENDIT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Co-Evolution of Key IT Components
IT Trending ModelComputing Vs. Connectivity Era
Agricultural Era:
FOOD
People Era:
RELATIONSHIPS
Learning Relationship
Industrial Era:
GOODS
1880 1900 196
0
194
01920 198
0
200
0
Productivity Efficiency
Industrial
Model
Information
Era: DATA
Access to Information
Information
Model
People-
centric Model
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS C E l ti f K IT C t
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CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TRENDIT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Co-Evolution of Key IT Components
IT Trending Model
Computing Vs. Connectivity Era
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS R l f IT/IS i B i
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No longer just serves a business
Integral in business strategy Impacts every area of business
Complexity increases
How does IT function vs. the entire organization
Responsible for the integration of information
CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Role of IT/IS in BusinessHow IS Support Organization
Value of IS
Value of IT
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS R l f IT/IS i B i
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CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Role of IT/IS in BusinessHow IS Support Organization
Value of IS
Value of IT
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS Role of IT/IS in Business
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CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Role of IT/IS in Business
How IS Support OrganizationValue of IS
Value of IT
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
CONCEPTS OF IT Role of IT/IS in Business
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CONCEPTS OF IT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Role of IT/IS in Business
How IS Support Organization
Value of ISValue of IT
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
IS value is determined by the relationships among ISs,
people, & business processes
all of which are
influenced byorganizational culture
Information Systems Function Within a
Cul ture
CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS Role of IT/IS in Business
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CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Role of IT/IS in Business
How IS Support Organization
Value of IS
Value of IT
The IT Value Continuum
Innovative activities
Foundational activities
Reduce
operating
cost
Increase
organizational
effectiveness
Change industry
structure
Create new
markets
Expand existing
markets
Realizing the Value of IT
Efficiency EffectivenessMarket
Expansion
Advantage
Creation
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)
CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS Role of IT/IS in Business
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CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION
Role of IT/IS in Business
How IS Support Organization
Value of IS
Value of IT
Value of Information Technology
Point Solutions Organizational
ArchitecturesBusiness Models
Technology
literacy: fundamentals
trends
emerging
future
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)