Lecture 2: AIRSIDEBy: Zuliana IsmailPART 2
Airside Signage
Signage
• Airside guidance signs provide direction and information to taxiing aircraft and any vehicles and assist in safe movement of aircraft.
Importance of the Signs
• To show mandatory instructions, information on a specific location or destination in the aerodrome.
• Characteristics of signs:• Clear• Rectangular• Different colors for each category• Illuminated (light up)
guidance signs
Direction signs: To indicate the intersection for aircraft turning.
Destination signs: To show direction to the specific destinations (cargo areas, military areas, international areas, etc.)
Mandatory signs:To indicate that aircraft ARE NOT ALLOWED to
enter (runway entrance & critical areas)
Location signs:To identify aircraft location.
Runway distance remaining signs: Landing distance remaining
guidance signs
1. Mandatory signs 2. Location signs
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3. Direction signs4. Destination signs
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5. Runway distance remaining signs
Sign Indicating 3,000 feet of Runway Remaining
guidance signs
Weather Information
Airport Weather Stations
• Every 20 minutes• Observes temperature,
wind speed & direction, visibility, cloud coverage.
• Can’t observe sudden weather change.
• Automated Weather Observing Systems (AWOS)
• Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS)
• Every 1 hour• Observe weather conditions change rapidly.• Current weather, icing, lightning,, air
pressure.
Automated Sensor
Wind Indicators
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Wind Sock
• To Indicate wind direction & speed.• The stronger the wind, the
straighter the wind sock.• Move back and forth when the
wind is gusty.
• To Indicate wind direction only.• To suggest the pilot the runway
to be used
Wind Tee
Guiding pilot to determine the correct runway to use for landing and take off
Wind Indicators
What are the Importanceof Weather Detector?
• To prevent aircraft accidents.• To avoid flight delay or cancellations.• To make management of the air routes more
efficient• To improve the safety of the aircraft in the air.
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Navigational Aid Systems
Navigational Aid Systems
• There are a number of navigational aids available in Airports.
• A Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI): helps pilots fly a perfect approach for landing once they have found the airport.
• VHF Omni directional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport.
• Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) to determine the distance to the airport.
• Instrument Landing System(ILS) to find the runway and fly the correct approach, even if they cannot see the ground.
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A Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI):
Doppler VHF Omnidirectional Range Station (VOR)
Navigational Aids
Instrument Landing System(ILS)
Airport Classification Codes
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Airport Classification Codes
Based on AIRCRAFT(ARC-Aerodrome Reference Code)
Type Of Runway
Approach (NI,NP,P)
Based On Two Elements
Example: 3C NPType of approachAerodrome reference
code
Aerodrome Reference Code
• The aerodromes are coded according to the physical requirements of the critical aircraft
• The aerodrome facilities must meet physical requirements of the critical aircraft
Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC)
ARC is determined by two factors:Code number (1,2..,4) to reflect aircraft operating
performance in terms of balanced field length of runways
• Airplane reference field length (RFL)Code letter (A, B, ..,F) to reflect the aircraft physical
dimensionsWing span (WS)
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Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC)
• Airplane reference Field Length (RFL): The minimum field length required for take-off at maximum certificated take-off mass.
• Wing Span (WS)= the maximum extent across the wings of an aircraft
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Wing Span (WS)
Aerodrome Reference Code
Code element 1 Code element 2
Airplane referencefield length (RFL)
(2)
Codenumb
er(1)
Wing span (WS)(4)
Codeletter
(3)
RFL < 800 m
800 m ≤ RFL < 1200 m
1 200 m ≤ RFL < 1800 m
1 800 m ≤ RFL
1
2
3
4
WS < 15 m
15 m ≤ WS < 24 m
24 m ≤ WS < 36 m
36 m ≤ WS < 52 m
52 m ≤ WS < 65 m
65 ≤ WS < 80 m
A
B
C
D
E
F
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ExerciseWhat is the airport classification codes for Boeing 747-400 & Airbus 380 landing at the Precision type Runway
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Boeing 747-400 RFL=2990mWS=64.4m
Airbus A380 RFL=>3300
mWS=79.8m
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No
Aircraft type
CodeElement
1
CodeElement
2
Aerodrome
Reference
Code (ARC)
RFL ( m)
Code No.
WS(m)
Code letter
1. ATR 42-200
1010 2 24.6 C ?
2. Fokker: 50
1760 3 29.0 C ?
3. A 320-200 2058 4 33.9 C ?
4. A 340-300 2200 4 60.3 E ?
Aerodrome Reference CodeAerodrome Reference Code
Aerodrome Reference Code
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AEROPLANETYPE
REF CODE
ARFL(m)
Wingspan(m)
Lear Jet 55 3A 1292 13.4
Fokker F28-2000 3B 1646 23.6
Fokker:F27-500 3C 1670 29.0
Airbus A300 B2 3D 1676 44.8
Boeing:B737-200B737-300B737-400
4C4C4C
229527492499
28.428.928.9
Boeing:B707-300B757-200B767-200ER
4D4D4D
308820572743
44.438.047.6
Boeing:B747-300B747-400B777-200
4E4E4E
329233832500
59.664.960.9