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LECTURE 3- Material Science14 December 2014
Metallic Bonding
Ionic Bonding
o!r State" o# Matter
LB Taclan$ %&D
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' Board(or)" Ltd 20041 o# 20
' Board(or)" Ltd 200*2 o# 1+
Metallic Bonding
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Atoms of metals are tightly packed together in a giantlattice similar to the lattice in ionic compounds.
This attraction is called metallic bonding and isthe reason why the positive metal ions do notrepel each other.
The outer electrons separate from their atomsand become delocalized, creating a ‘sea ofelectrons’. The atoms become positive ions andare attracted to these electrons.
metalatom"
"ea o# #reeelectron"
metalion"
Metallic bonding
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%ro8ertie" o# metal"9 den"it:
Metal ion" #orm a lattice (&ic& i" more tig&tl:8ac)ed and den"er t&an t&e lattice" in ioniccom8o!nd"; T&e: #orm cr:"tal" called grain";
&ic& metal &a" t&e lo(e"t melting 8oint
Metal" generall: &a
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%ro8ertie" o# metal"9 "trengt&
Metal" are !"!all: to!g&$ not brittle; &en a metal i"&it$ t&e la:er" o# t&e lattice >!"t "lide o
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Metal 7rain"
La:er" o# atom" can "li8 o
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Dierent t:8e" o# allo:"
/dding dierent element" to metal" create" dierentallo:"$ (it& dierent 8ro8ertie"; T&i" aect" &o( allo:"can be !"ed; U"!all:$ ot&er metal" are added$ #oream8le9
@inc$ magne"i!m and co88er are added toal!mini!m to create an allo: t&at i" lig&t b!t oinot&er metal" toget&er;
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7lo""ar:
allo: = / material containing t(o or more metal"$ ora metal and a non-metal;
delocali@ed = Electron" t&at are #ree to mo
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CHEMICAL BONDING
PART 1IONIC BONDING
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Elements
• Elements are the simplest substanes!
There are ab"ut 1## $i%%erent elements N
S
OC
Fe
K
N
N
N
N
N N
NN
• Eah elements has &ust "ne partiular
t'pe "% at"m that is $i%%erent t" the
at"ms in an' "ther element
• E(en in elements at"ms usuall' &"in
)b"n$* t"+ether!
•In s"me elements at"ms b"n$ t" %"rmsmall simple strutures!
• In "ther elements at"ms b"n$ int" +iant
strutures ,ith milli"ns "% at"ms!
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C"mp"un$s
• C"mp"un$s are %"rme$ ,hen
$i%%erent elements hemiall' reatt"+ether!
• In these reati"ns $i%%erent t'pes "%at"m be"me hemiall' b"n$e$!
• Li-e elements s"me "mp"un$sha(e small simple strutures ,ith
&ust a %e, at"ms b"n$e$ t"+ether
• Other "mp"un$s ha(e lar+e."mple/ strutures "ntainin+th"usan$s "r e(en milli"ns "%b"n$e$ at"ms!
OH H
Water – a simple
structure
DNA – a large &
complex
structure
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C"mp"un$s are n"t &ust mi/tures
• Reatin+ is $i%%erent t" &ust mi/in+!• The ph'sial an$ hemial pr"perties "% "mp"un$s are
ver $i%%erent t" their "ri+inal elements!
Carb"n 0 "/'+en Carb"n $i"/i$e
COMPONDELEMENT2
C O O CO O
)bla- s"li$* )"l"urless +as.
that supp"rts
"mbusti"n*
)a "l"urless +as. that
e/tin+uishes %ire*
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C"p' the Table an$ %ill in the last "lumn!
2iO32an$
H+Merur'
4e3
O5
Rust
O3O/'+en
H3O6ater
Cu2O7C"pper sulphate
NiNi-el
NaCl2"$ium hl"ri$e
Element "r "mp"un$4"rmulaName
"mp"un$
element
"mp"un$
"mp"un$
element
"mp"un$
element
"mp"un$
Rust
"nsists "%
ir"n
"mbine$
,ith
"/'+en
Ati(it'
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B"n$in+ an$ at"ms
8Pr"t"ns 9 These e/ist in 8Neutr"ns 9 the nuleus!
T" un$erstan$ b"n$in+ ,e must -n", a little ab"ut
the at"ms %r"m ,hih elements are ma$e!
At"ms "nsist "% three t'pes "% partiles that are e(en
smaller than at"ms:
–Eletr"ns 9
e/ist in la'ers )"r shells* ar"un$ the"utsi$e "% the nuleus
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N" har+e "n element at"ms
T," "% the three partiles in at"ms ha(e an eletrial har+e!
Pr"t"ns 01 Neutr"ns # Eletr"ns ;1
BT at"ms ha(e equal numbers "% pr"t"ns an$ eletr"ns! This means
their "(erall har+e < zero!
Fluorine
" protons "#
" electrons "$
% neutrons
'otal C(arge
%"
4"
4"r e/ample )Ne%
Neon Cop & Fill in t(e gaps
*** protons ***
*** electrons ***
***neutrons ***
'otal C(arge ***
%
%
%
%#
%$
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N"ble Gases: %ull shells
The eletr"ns ar"un$ the "utsi$e "%
at"ms are arran+e$ in la'ers alle$shells
Eah shell has a ma/imum number"% eletr"ns that it an h"l$!
In n"ble +ases the shells are "mpletel' %ull ratherthan partiall' %ull!
Durin+ b"n$in+ "ther at"ms tr' t" attain the =%ulleletr"n shell> struture "% the n"ble +ases!
1st 2hell:
3 eletr"ns3n$ 2hell:
? eletr"ns
5r$ 2hell:? eletr"ns
T % b $i
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T'pes "% b"n$in+
At"ms an be &"ine$ t"+ether in 5 p"ssible
,a's
All three t'pes in("l(e han+es in the eletr"ns in the "uterm"st
eletr"n shells "% the at"ms
+onic Bonding
Metal and
non$metal
Covalent Bonding
Non$metals
onl
Metallic Bonding
Metals onl
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IONIC BONDING
IONIC BONDING
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M"st i"ni "mp"un$s "ntain a metal an$ a n"n;metal!
6hen metals reat the' l"se "uter shell eletr"ns t" lea(e a %ull eletr"nshell!
This pr"$ues a har+e$ at"m )i"n* ,ith a # har+e!
L"se 1 "r m"re
eletr"ns
Neutral at"m
n#
P"siti(e i"n
6hen n"n;metals reat ,ith a metal the' +ain eletr"ns t" ahie(e a %ulleletr"n shell!
Gain 1 "r m"re
eletr"ns
Neutral at"m
n$
Ne+ati(e i"n
IONIC BONDING
O it tt t l tti
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opposites
attract
Opp"sites attrat 8 latties
The "pp"sitel' har+e$ i"ns are attrate$ int" a
lattie that +ets bi++er an$ bi++er until it "nsists
"% milli"ns "% i"ns
#
#
#
#
#
#
$
$
$
$
$
$
# $# $
#$
# $
#$
#
$
# $
#$
#
$
$# #
And ion, andion, and ion-
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I $ l t t t
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I"ns an$ eletr"n strutures
Metals l"se eletr"ns t" %"rmp"siti(e)0* i"ns alle$ ati"ns!
N"n;metals +ain eletr"ns t" %"rmne+ati(e )8* i"ns alle$ ani"ns!
n#
n$
6e -n", that the at"ms l"se "r+ain eletr"ns t" ahie(e %ulleletr"n shells!
T" un$erstan$ m"re ab"ut h",i"ni "mp"un$s %"rm ,e mustl""- at ,hat is happenin+ t" the"uter shell eletr"ns!
4 ti % $i hl i$
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4"rmati"n "% s"$ium hl"ri$e
%! Formation o1 sodium ions
2"$ium has 1 eletr"n in its "uter shell!
I% it l"ses this it ,ill ha(e n" partiall' %ille$ shells!
2oses %electron
Sodium %# ion 3)!4!5Sodium atom 3)!4!%5
This "nl' happens i% there is an"ther at"m able t" a"mm"$ate the l"st
eletr"n!
Na Na#
4 ti % $i hl i$
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4"rmati"n "% s"$ium hl"ri$e
3!4"rmati"n "% Chl"ri$e i"ns
Chl"rine has @ eletr"ns in its "uter shell!
I% it +ains 1 eletr"n it an ahie(e a %ull "uter eletr"n shell! It is. there%"re.
+"in+ t" be able t" aept the eletr"n that the s"$ium ,ants t" l"se!
C(lorine atom 3)!4!65
7ains % electron31rom sodium5
C(lorine + $ ion 3)!4!45
Cl Cl
4"rmati"n "% 2"$ium Chl"ri$e the "(erall pr"ess
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4"rmati"n "% 2"$ium Chl"ri$e; the "(erall pr"ess!
ClNa
Na Cl
2"$ium l"ses its
"uter eletr"n!Chl"rine +ains it!
The result is
b"th en$ up ,ith
%ull shells
T," "pp"sitel'
har+e$ i"ns
are %"rme$.
,hih attrat!
Milli"ns "% suhpairs %"rm a
+iant lattie
2impler eletr"n $ia+rams
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2impler eletr"n $ia+rams
6e an assume %ull inner eletr"n shells!
6e an there%"re s"metimes sh"rten b"n$in+ $ia+rams
b' "mittin+ t" $ra, the inner eletr"n shells!
Na Cl
Na Cl
B"n$in+ in Ma+nesium O/i$e
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OMg
3!?!3! 3!
Ma+nesium
at"mO/'+en
at"m
B"n$in+ in Ma+nesium O/i$e
M"re than "ne eletr"n ma' be trans%erre$
bet,een at"ms in i"ni b"n$in+!
Mg)# O)$
3!?3!?
Ma+nesium O/i$e
Dra, a simpli%ie$ b"n$in+ $ia+ram )"mittin+
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Dra, a simpli%ie$ b"n$in+ $ia+ram )"mittin+
inner shells* %"r ma+nesium "/i$e!
MgO
Ma+nesium
at"mO/'+en
at"mMg)# O)$
Ma+nesium O/i$e
C"p' the $ia+ram an$ $ra, an"ther b"/ sh",in+
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2"$ium 4lu"ri$e
2"$ium
at"m4lu"rine
at"m
C"p' the $ia+ram an$ $ra, an"ther b"/ sh",in+
the eletr"n "n%i+urati"n in s"$ium %lu"ri$e!
Na#
3!?3!?
FNa
3!?!1! 3!@
F$
B"n$in+ in Lithium O/i$e
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B"n$in+ in Lithium O/i$e
The b"n$in+ in lithium "/i$e is m"re "mpliate$ in thatthere are $i%%erent numbers "% eah at"m!
Li
Li
O
2i#
2i#
O)$
B"n$in+ in Lithium Nitri$e
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B"n$in+ in Lithium Nitri$e
The b"n$in+ in lithium nitri$e similarl' in("l(es $i%%erentnumbers "% eah at"m!
N
Li
Li
Li
2i#
2i#
N5;
Li
B"n$in+ in Aluminium 4lu"ri$e
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B"n$in+ in Aluminium 4lu"ri$e
In aluminium %lu"ri$e it is the n"n;metal at"ms that ,enee$ m"re "%!
F
F
F
Al Al
F
F
F
Ati(it'
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4"ll",in+ the pre(i"usl' sh",n sli$es $ra, b"n$in+
$ia+rams %"r the "mp"un$s %"rme$ %r"m the
%"ll",in+ at"ms:
1! Lithium )3!1* an$ %lu"rine )3!@*
3! 2"$ium )3!?!1* an$ sulphur )3!?!*
5! Ma+nesium )3!?!3* an$ sulphur )3!?!*
7! Ma+nesium )3!?!3* an$ %lu"rine )3!@*! Aluminium )3!?!5* an$ nitr"+en )3!*
Remember that the t"tal number "%eletr"ns l"st b' the metal must eual
the t"tal number "% eletr"ns +aine$ b'
the n"n;metal
Ati(it'
Eletr"ns L"st < Eletr"ns Gaine$
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3 eletr"ns
Eletr"ns L"st < Eletr"ns Gaine$
B"th s"$ium hl"ri$e an$ ma+nesium "/i$e are simple
i"ni "mp"un$s!
In b"th ases the metal an$ n"n;metal nee$ t" l"se "r
+ain the same number "% eletr"ns respeti(el'!
Na Cl1 eletr"n Na# Cl$
OMg O)$Mg)#
This is n"t al,a's the ase!
Di%%erent numbers "% eletr"ns
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Di%%erent numbers "% eletr"ns
C"nsi$er the reati"n "% s"$ium ,ith "/'+en! 8 2"$ium )3!?!1* nee$s t" l"se 1 eletr"n!
8 O/'+en )3!* nee$s t" +ain 3 eletr"ns
This an "nl' happen i% there are t," s"$ium i"ns %"rme$%"r e(er' "ne "/'+en i"n %"rme$!
The %"rmula ,ill be Na3O!
Na
O
Na
Na#
O)$
Na#
1 eletr"n per
s"$ium
Di%%erent numbers "% eletr"ns
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C"nsi$er the reati"n "% ma+nesium ,ith hl"rine! 8 Ma+nesium )3!?!3* nee$s t" l"se 3 eletr"n!
8 Chl"rine )3!?!@* nee$s t" +ain 1 eletr"ns
6e nee$ 3 hl"rines %"r e(er' "ne ma+nesium!
The %"rmula ,ill be M+Cl3
Cl
Mg
Cl
Mg)#
Cl$
Cl$
3 eletr"ns
Di%%erent numbers "% eletr"ns
Char+es "n i"ns
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Char+es "n i"ns
• 6hen at"ms %"rm i"ns the' aim t" attain eletr"n
shells that are either "mpletel' %ull "r "mpletel'empt'!
• I% ,e -n", the eletr"n "n%i+urati"n "% an at"m ,e
an usuall' ,"r- "ut h", man' eletr"ns it must l"se
"r +ain t" ahie(e a n"ble +as "n%i+urati"n!
• This ,ill tell us the har+e "n its i"n!
Char+es an$ Metal i"ns
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Char+es an$ Metal i"ns
• Metals usuall' l"se eletr"ns t" empt' this "uter shell!• The number "% eletr"ns in the "uter shell is usuall'
eual t" the +r"up number in the Peri"$i Table!4"r e/ample.
M+
3!?!3
Mg)#
Al
3!?!5
Al/#
Li
3!1
2i#
Char+es an$ n"n;metal i"ns
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Char+es an$ n"n metal i"ns
• Outer shells ,ith "r m"re eletr"ns usuall' +aineletr"ns t" %ill up the "uter shell!
4"r e/ample.
• O/'+en )3!* +ains 3 eletr"ns t" %"rm O)$
• Chl"rine )3!?!@* +ains 1 eletr"n t" %"rm Cl$
ClO
3!3!
? O
O)$
3!?!@ 3!?!?
Cl Cl$
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The %"rmulae "% i"ni "mp"un$s
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The %"rmulae "% i"ni "mp"un$s
This is m"st ui-l' $"ne in sta+es!
Remember the t"tal 0 an$ 8 har+es must
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4"r e/ample. the %"rmula "% aluminium br"mi$e!
1! 2'mb"ls: Al Br 3! Char+e "n i"ns 50 1;
5! Nee$ m"re "% Br
7! Rati" "% i"ns 1 5
! 4"rmula AlBr /
Br Al
Br
Br
5 eletr"ns
Al/# Br $
Br $
Br $
The %"rmulae "% i"ni "mp"un$s
The %"rmulae "% i"ni "mp"un$s
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4"r e/ample. the %"rmula "% aluminium "/i$e!
1! 2'mb"ls: Al O3! Char+e "n i"ns 50 3;
5! Nee$ m"re "% O
7! Rati" "% i"ns 3 5 )t" +i(e e;*
! 4"rmula Al)O/
OAl
O
OAl
3e;
3e;
3e;
Al/#O)$
O)$
O)$
Al/#
The %"rmulae "% i"ni "mp"un$s
Ati(it'
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sin+ the meth"$ sh",n "n the last %e, sli$es. ,"r-
"ut the %"rmula "% all the i"ni "mp"un$s that '"u anma-e %r"m "mbinati"ns "% the metals an$ n"n;metals
sh",n bel",:
•Metals: Li Ca Na M+ Al
•N"n;Metals: 4 O N Br 2 Cl
Ati(it'
M"re C"mpliate$ 4"rmulae
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M"re C"mpliate$ 4"rmulae
• I"ni "mp"un$s ma' "ntain i"ns "nsistin+ "%
+r"ups "% at"ms rather than a sin+le at"m!
• Here are s"me m"re "mpliate$ i"ns '"u ma'"me ar"ss!
At"ms presentChar+e4"rmulaI"n
3;
1;
10
3;
1;
CO53;
OH;
NH70
2O73;
NO5;
arb"nate
h'$r"/i$e
amm"nium
sulphate
nitrate N O O O
OS OOO
N : : : :
O :
C O O O
M"re C"mpliate$ 4"rmulae
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1! 2'mb"ls: Li NO5;
3! Char+e "n i"ns 10 1;
5! Nee$ m"re "% neither
7! Rati" "% i"ns 1 1
! 4"rmula 2iNO/
• 6hen ,"r-in+ "ut %"rmula '"u simpl' treat the entire
+r"up "% at"ms as th"u+h it ,ere a sin+le at"m!
• The "nl' $i%%iult' is t" $" ,ith h", ,e ,rite $",n the
%inal ans,er!• 4"r e/ample. ,hat is the %"rmula "% lithium nitrate
" e C" p ate$ " u ae
M"re C"mpliate$ 4"rmulae
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1! 2'mb"ls: M+ NO5;
3! Char+e "n i"ns 30 1;
5! Nee$ m"re "% NO5;
7! Rati" "% i"ns 1 3
! 4"rmula Mg3NO/*)
• 6hat is the %"rmula "% ma+nesium nitrate
• The bra-ets ar"un$ the NO5; i"n sh", that the 3 re%ers t" t," "mplete
NO5;
i"ns!
• It represents a t"tal "% 3 nitr"+ens an$ "/'+ens ,ith eah ma+nesium i"n!
p
M"re C"mpliate$ 4"rmulae
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• 6hat is the %"rmula "% s"$ium sulphate
1! 2'mb"ls: Na#
SO;)$
3! Char+e "n i"ns 10 3;
5! Nee$ m"re "% Na#
7! Rati" "% i"ns 3 1
! 4"rmula Na)SO;
• N" bra-ets here as "nl' "ne 2O73; i"n nee$e$!
• N"te alth"u+h Na "ntains 3 letters it "nl' represents a sin+le at"m 8 s" n"
bra-ets
p
6rite $",n h", t" ,"r- "ut the %"rmula "%
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1! 2'mb"ls:
3! Char+e "n i"ns
5! Nee$ m"re "%
7! Rati" "% i"ns
! 4"rmula
Again we need brackets as 3 complete OH - ions are needed meaning
that for each aluminium there are 3 oxygens and 3 hydrogens.
Al/# O:$
/# %$
O:$
% /
Al3O:5/
aluminium h'$r"/i$e!
6rite $",n h", t" ,"r- "ut the %"rmula "%
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1! 2'mb"ls:
3! Char+e "n i"ns
5! Nee$ m"re "%
7! Rati" "% i"ns
! 4"rmula
Again we need brackets as 2 complete NH ! ions are needed meaning
that for each sulphate ion there are 2 nitrogen and " hydrogens.
N:;# SO;
)$
%# )$
) %
3N:;5)SO;
N:;#
amm"nium sulphate!
6rite $",n h", t" ,"r- "ut the %"rmula "%
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1! 2'mb"ls:3! Char+e "n i"ns
5! Nee$ m"re "%
7! Rati" "% i"ns! 4"rmula
No brackets for Al as only one atom e#en though it$s 2 letters.
%e do need brackets around the &O to show it is 3 complete sulphate ions.
Al/# SO;)$
/# )$
) /
Al)3SO;5/
Need to get total
c(arge
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• 4"rme$ ,hen a JJJJJ an$ n"n;metal reat!• Metals JJJ eletr"ns t" empt' their "uter
eletr"n shell!• N"n;metals JJJJJ eletr"ns t" %ill their "uter
eletr"n shell!
• The rati" "% metal i"ns t" n"n;metal i"ns ,ill$epen$ up"n the number "% JJJJJJJJ l"st
an$ +aine$!• The i"ns %"rme$ &"in up int" +iant JJJJJ!
p' +
%ill the +aps!
l"se latties
eletr"ns +ain metal
metal
l"se
+ain
eletr"ns
latties!
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6hih "% the %"ll",in+ ,ill ha(e i"ni b"n$in+
A! C"pper hl"ri$e
B! Ir"n
C! BrassD! 2ulphur $i"/i$e
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6hih "% the %"ll",in+ is NOT true "% i"ni
b"n$in+
A! Metal i"ns ha(e a 0 har+e
B! N"n;metal i"ns ha(e a ; har+e
C! The' %"rm a 3 $imensi"nal lattie
D! The' ha(e +iant strutures
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6hih "% the %"ll",in+ is true ab"ut the "/i$e ion
A! 4"rme$ b' "/'+en at"ms l"sin+ 3 eletr"ns!
B! O/'+en i"ns ha(e an empt' se"n$ shellC! E/ist in pairs
D! Ha(e a 3; har+e%9
O4
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6hih "% the %"ll",in+ is true ab"ut the s"$ium ion
A! Has a 3.?.1 eletr"n arran+ement
B! 4"rme$ b' s"$ium at"ms +ainin+ 1 eletr"n!C! 2"$ium i"ns ha(e an empt' se"n$ shell
D! Ha(e a 10 har+e)/
Na%%
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6hat %"rmula "mp"un$ ,ill be %"rme$ %r"mMn70 an$ O3; i"ns
A! Mn3O7B! MnO3
C! Mn3O
D! MnO7
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6hat %"rmula "mp"un$ ,ill be %"rme$ %r"mGa50 an$ 2O7
3; i"ns
A! Ga3)2O7*5
B! Ga5)2O7*3
C! Ga325O13
D! Ga )2O7*5
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ST/TES M/TTER
• The Four States of Matter
• o!r State"• Solid
• LiF!id
• 7a"• %la"ma
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ST/TES M/TTER
Ba"ed !8on 8article arrangement
Ba"ed !8on energ: o# 8article"
Ba"ed !8on di"tance bet(een8article"
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.inetic T&eor: o# Matter
Matter i" made !8 o# 8article" (&ic&are in contin!al random motion;
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!. "#$%
• articles of solids are
tightly packed,
vibrating about a fixed
position.
•Solids have a definite
shape and a definite
volume.
,eat
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2; #$&'$%
articles of liquids
are tightly packed,
but are far enough
apart to slide over
one another.
Liquids have an
indefinite shape and
a definite volume.
,eat
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3; 7/S
articles of
gases are very
far apart and
move freely.
Gases have an
indefinite shape
and an indefinite
volume.
,eat
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%,/SE C,/7ESDescription of
hase hange
!erm for hase
hange
"eat #ovement During
hase hange
Solid to
liquid
#elting
"eat goes into
the solid as it
melts.
Liquid
to solid
$ree%ing
"eat leaves
the liquid as it
free%es.
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%,/SE C,/7ES
Description of
hase hange
!erm for hase
hange
"eat #ovement During
hase hange
Liquid to
gas
&apori%ation,
'hich
includes
boiling and
evaporation
"eat goes into the
liquid as it
vapori%es.
Gas to
liquid
ondensation
"eat leaves the gas
as it condenses.
Solid to gas Sublimation
"eat goes into the
solid as it
sublimates.
( )#AMA
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(. )#AMA
( plasma is an
ioni%ed gas.
( plasma is a very
good conductor of
electricity and is
affected by
magnetic fields.
lasmas, like
gases have an
indefinite shape
and an indefinite
volume.
•
lasma is the
common state
of matter
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%la"ma DeGnition
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%la"ma DeGnitionIntrod!ction
• %la"ma i" a H8artiall: ioni@ed ga" in(&ic& ion"$ electron"$ and 8&oton"
are 8re"ent a" (ell a" radical" andmolec!le" in an ecited "tate
%la"ma DeGnition
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%la"ma DeGnitionIntrod!ction• %la"ma i" a H8artiall: ioni@ed ga" in
(&ic& ion"$ electron"$ and 8&oton"are 8re"ent a" (ell a" radical" and
molec!le" in an ecited "tate
•7/SES 7E ILD
%la"ma DeGnition
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%la"ma DeGnitionIntrod!ction• C!rrentl: in ind!"tr: (e !"e t(o
t:8e" o# 8la"ma;
8 %la"ma generated in a
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%la"ma DeGnitionIntrod!ction• %la"ma i" al"o deGned b: t&e ga" or
ga"e" !"ed to ma)e !8 t&e 8la"ma
• Common ga"e" !"ed in generating8la"ma in man!#act!ring toda: are9o:gen$ argon$ nitrogen$ &:drogen$
"!l#!r &eaJ!oride and man: more
Some 8lace" (&ere 8la"ma" are
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#o!ndK
1; lame"
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2; Lig&tning
3; /!rora Hort&ern
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Lig&t"
T&e S!n i" an eam8le o# a "tar in it"
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8la"ma "tate
%la"ma DeGnition
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%la"ma DeGnitionIntrod!ction• Cold 8la"ma di"c&arge" are
generated b: 8a""ing eno!g&electrical c!rrent t&ro!g& a ga" to
ca!"e t&e ga" to c&ange "tate
• T&i" electrical c!rrent o#ten deGne"
t&e 8roce"" to generate t&e t:8e o#8la"ma9 radio #reF!enc:$ micro(a
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CLD %L/SM/ %E
I t d ti t S #
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Introd!ction to S!r#ace"
• S!r#ace" commonl: #o!nd inman!#act!ring t&at are 8la"matreated are deGned b: t&eir
com8o"ition
• Eam8le" o# common material"9
metal"$ 8la"tic"$ r!bber$ ela"tomer"$8ol:mer"$ gla""$ ceramic"$ 8o(der"and liF!id"
I t d ti t S #
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Introd!ction to S!r#ace"
• T&ere are
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Introd!ction to S!r#ace"
• S!r#ace" can al"o be treated (&enmo
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%la"ma /88lication"#or Man!#act!ring
• )lasma *lean
• )lasma Activate• )lasma +tch
• )lasma %eposition*oating
%la"ma /88lication"
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%la"ma /88lication"
#or Man!#act!ring
)lasma *leanInorganic Com8o!nd"
- oil"$ mold relea"e$ 8ol:mer bleed$ drill
"mear$ Gnger8rint"$ "older J!$ carbon a"&Inorganic
- metal oide"$ metal oide red!ction
Decontamination- etracell!lar debri"$ 8:rogen"$ 8rotein"$
D/$ R/
%la"ma /88lication"
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%la"ma /88lication"#or Man!#act!ring
)lasma Activate
• S!r#ace /cti
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%la"ma /88lication"#or Man!#act!ring
)lasma +tch
• C&emical Etc&
• %&:"ical Etc&
%la"ma /88lication"
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%la"ma /88lication"#or Man!#act!ring
)lasma %eposition*oating
,:dro8&obic Hdoe" not li)e (ater
- abric"$ oot(ear$ Electronic"$ Medical
De
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Concl!"ion"
• %la"ma 8roce""ing in man!#act!ringi"9 "a#e$ clean$ and co"t eecti
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ST/TES M/TTER
SLID LIUID 7/S %L/SM/
Tig&tl: 8ac)ed$in a reg!lar
8attern6ibrate$ b!t do
Clo"e toget&er(it& no reg!lararrangement;6ibrate$ mo