Lecture 31

Interconnection Issues

Dr. Lei Wu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

EE 431

POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

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Schedule

Please send me your slides by 9:00AM of your presentation day

Properly cite all figures, tables …….

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Topic 12 The Evolution and Furture of Adopting Electric Transportation Cain Ballard Graham Dittler Brian Sheridan Nov 26

Topic 10 Outage Time Forecasting Isaac Jandreau Andrew Sharpe Phillip Haught Nov 26

Topic 9 Modeling dynamic process of cascading failure in power systems Tyler Dellea Preston JoneSabrina

SepowskiNov 28

Topic 1 Business models for energy storage Braylin Sheppard Rachel Hansen Erin Zanni Nov 28

Topic 2Pulling Power from Thin Air: the Advantages and Challenges of Offshore

WindAlysa Leong Emily Fabian Marcus Griffith Nov 30

Topic 4 Microgrid energy management systems Jonathan Bower Broc Breen Maria Denton Nov 30

Topic 14 Water-food-energy nexus Amil Vargas-Castillo Ethan Pike Talor Weller Dec 3

Topic 16 Heating, Cooling, and Power Efficiently Combined Tyler Schmidt Austin Donhauser Dec 3

Topic 11 Transmission and/or distribution hardening against natural disasters Ian CowlesNicholas Austin

LaurentAllison Wright

Dec 5

Topic 6 Utility Practice in Response to Future Distributed Resources -- NYS Chris Sowden Raff Manzi Austin Brand Dec 5

Topic 5Interconnected AC-DC Hybrid Systems at Sub-Transmission and

Distribution LevelsKevin Atkinson Jacob Baker Dec 7

Topic 6Utility practice in response to future distributed resources --- comparison

of NYS with othersAustin Snide Dec 7

Outline

NYS Standardized Interconnection Requirements Application Process

Interconnection Requirements

Design requirements

Metering

New York Reforming the Energy Vision

Potsdam Community Microgrid

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Interconnection Requirements

Operating requirements

Shall provide a 24-hour telephone contact

Voltage and frequency trip set point adjustments shall be

accessible to service personnel only.

No power supplied to the utility during any outages of the utility

system.

Disconnect switch may be opened by the utility under certain

circumstances.

A utility may require direct transfer trip under certain conditions.

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Interconnection Requirements

Dedicated transformer

Utility reserves the right to require a generator to connect to the

utility system through a dedicated transformer, for ensuring

conformance with utility safe work practices, enhancing service

restoration operation, and preventing detrimental effects to other

customers.

Disconnect switch

Generators larger than 25kW and non-inverter based systems of

25kW or less

Power Quality

The maximum harmonic limits, voltage fluctuation,

Power Factor

Power factor connection should be applied if the average power

factor is less than 0.9 (leading or lagging) 6

Interconnection Requirements

Islanding

Generation interconnection system must be designed and

operated so that islanding is not sustained on utility distribution

circuits.

Equipment certification

Verification testing

Interconnection inventory

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New York REV

Under “Reforming the Energy Vision” (REV) strategy, New York

is actively spurring clean energy innovation, bringing new

investments into the State and improving consumer choice and

affordability.

The REV initiative will lead to regulatory changes that promote

more efficient use of energy, deeper penetration of renewable

energy resources such as wind and solar, wider deployment of

“distributed” energy resources, such as micro grids, roof-top

solar and other on-site power supplies, and storage. It will also

promote markets to achieve greater use of advanced energy

management products to enhance demand elasticity and

efficiencies. These changes, in turn, will empower customers by

allowing them more choice in how they manage and consume

electric energy.8

New York REV - Challenges

Goal:

Increase grid efficiency by relying on DER

Need to know:

DER – location, capacity and performance

Distribution system – capacity, needs and value of DER

Capabilities:

Modeling and analysis

Integrated planning

Dispatch and control

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New York REV – Challenges (continued)

Challenges:

Communications

System monitoring

Data – sharing and analysis

Security

Reliability

Most effective and efficient path forward?

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New York REV – Links

Track One Order – Issued February 26, 2015

Market Design and Platform Technology (MDPT) Working

Group Report – Issued August 17, 2015

Staff BCA (Benefit-Cost Analysis) Whitepaper – Issued July 1,

2015

Staff Ratemaking and Utility Business Model Whitepaper –

Issued July 28, 2015

Distributed System Implementation Plan (DSIP) Guidance

Document – Issued October 15, 2015

Webpage listing key documents (Orders, Rulings, Reports, etc.)

DMM (document manager) to access all documents in the REV

docket (Case No. 14-M-0101)

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Emerging Active Distribution System The electricity distribution system is experiencing fundamental

changes from traditionally passive radial networks to more

sophisticated active networked topologies.

Distributed energy resources (DER)

Advanced energy management products

Energy resiliency needs in response to aging infrastructure and extreme

weather events

Various programs throughout the world to prompt the transition

Reforming the Energy Vision in New York

Grid Modernization in Connecticut

Distribution Resources Plan in California

Innovation Funding Incentive and Registered Power Zones in United

Kingdom

Cell Controller Pilot Project and EcoGrid in Denmark

Microgrid and Community Microgrid Microgrid has merged as a technology for promoting DER penetration

and enhancing resilient electricity supply.

A group of interconnected loads and DERs that acts as a single,

controllable entity with respect to the grid, and can connect/disconnect from

the grid to operate in grid-connected/islanded mode.

Microgrid and Community Microgrid Microgrid

Community microgrid can effectively share DERs among multiple

partners within a community.

Connects critical loads and DERs of multiple owners for providing reliable

and resilient electricity services through distribution lines owned by a local

utility.

Community Resilience: Village of Potsdam, NY

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Potsdam Community Resilience Microgrid

Home to Clarkson University and SUNY Potsdam

Significant impacts from extreme weather events.

Ice Storm of ’98 has caused 10,000 downed poles and 100,000 customer

outages throughout North Country.

Lack of electric power has hampered restoration efforts.

Community Resilience: Village of Potsdam, NY

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Potsdam Community Resilience Microgrid

Home to Clarkson University and SUNY Potsdam

Significant impacts from extreme weather events.

Ice Storm of ’98 has caused 10,000 downed poles and 100,000 customer

outages throughout North Country.

Lack of electric power has hampered restoration efforts.

Primary goals of the Potsdam Community Resilience

Microgrid are to:

Enhance energy resilience for essential services and

allow Potsdam to act as a hub for emergency operations

during North Country disaster conditions.

Improve energy economics during normal situations.

CHP A

1400kW

CHP B

1400kW

NEW

2000kW

SUNY Potsdam

Campus

West Dam

Hydro

Gas

Station

Drug

Store

New

2000kW

GEN A

370kW

GEN B

290kW

Clarkson

Campus

Ngrid Potsdam

Service Center

East Dam

Hydro

Water Treat

Plant

Grocery

Civic Cent

Police/Fire

Canton-Potsdam

Hospital

Potsdam Sewage

Treatment Plant

Potsdam High

School

Solar

2000kW

Point of Common Coupling

(connecting to the main grid)

Potsdam Resilience Microgrid Conceptual

Design

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+ Peak Load: 9 MW

+ Existing Generation: 7 MW

- 3.5 MW connected

- 3.5 MW backup

+ New Generation: 4 MW

+ Demand Response: 2 MW

Business Models and Operation Plans

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A multi-stakeholder business model: the Nation Grid

Acts as basic service provider.

Runs services such as generation O&M, billing, hosting microgrid controller, and DER procurement.

Provides hierarchical tariffs to generation owners directly tied to microgrid, non-generation service providers, and local residents who benefit from microgrid services.

Universities Hospital Village

National Grid

Universities

Hospital Village

Grocery

Gas Bank

PharmacyResidential

Customers

PPA

Tarrif

Business Models and Operation Plans

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An optimization-based transactive energy model: use an optimization based approach to improve energy efficiency and resiliency

Unbalanced three-phase AC optimal power flow model to optimally dispatch recourses and control devices for supplying loads

*a,a a b,a b c,a c

n-1,n n-1 n-1,n n-1 n-1,n n-1*

a a a a a b,a b c,a c

n n n n n n,n n n,n n

a,a a b,a b c,a c

n+1,n n+1 n+1,n n+1 n+1,n n+1

Y V Y V Y V

P D = V I = V +Y V Y V

Y V Y V Y V

SubstationS

110kV/10kV

380V/10kV380V/10kV

PV

anV

bnV

cnV

an +1V

bn +1V

cn +1V

an -1V

bn -1V

cn -1V

Business Models and Operation Plans

20

*a,a a b,a b c,a c

n-1,n n-1 n-1,n n-1 n-1,n n-1*

a a a a a b,a b c,a c

n n n n n n,n n n,n n

a,a a b,a b c,a c

n+1,n n+1 n+1,n n+1 n+1,n n+1

Y V Y V Y V

P D = V I = V +Y V Y V

Y V Y V Y V

SubstationS

110kV/10kV

380V/10kV380V/10kV

PV

anV

an +1V

bn +1V

cn +1V

an -1V

bn -1V

cn -1V

An optimization-based transactive energy model: use an optimization based approach to improve energy efficiency and resiliency

Unbalanced three-phase AC optimal power flow model to optimally dispatch recourses and control devices for supplying loads