Lecture 5:Lecture 5:

The BrainThe Brain

Nervous System (neurons)Nervous System (neurons)CNSCNS

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

Brain + Spinal cordBrain + Spinal cord

PNSPNS Peripheral Nervous Peripheral Nervous

SystemSystem

(All nerves that reach (All nerves that reach your extremities).your extremities).

The BRAINThe BRAIN

The brain....The brain....

The brain is divided into two halves The brain is divided into two halves called hemispheres, which called hemispheres, which communicate with each other through communicate with each other through the the Corpus CallosumCorpus Callosum (A bundle of (A bundle of nerve fibers).nerve fibers).

Brain structuresBrain structures Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex CerebellumCerebellum Brain StemBrain Stem HypothalamusHypothalamus ThalamusThalamus Limbic SystemLimbic System HippocampusHippocampus Basal GangliaBasal Ganglia MidbrainMidbrain

Brain structure/functionBrain structure/function

Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex ThoughtThought Voluntary movementVoluntary movement LanguageLanguage ReasoningReasoning PerceptionPerception

Brain structure/functionBrain structure/function

CerebellumCerebellum MovementMovement BalanceBalance PosturePosture

Brain structure/functionBrain structure/function

Brain StemBrain Stem BreathingBreathing Heart rateHeart rate Blood pressureBlood pressure

Brain structure/functionBrain structure/function

HypothalamusHypothalamus Body temp.Body temp. EmotionsEmotions HungerHunger ThirstThirst Circadian rhythmsCircadian rhythms

Brain structure/functionBrain structure/function

ThalamusThalamus Sensory motor integrationSensory motor integration

Brain structure/functionBrain structure/function

Limbic SystemLimbic System Emotional behaviorEmotional behavior

Brain structure/functionBrain structure/function

HippocampusHippocampus LearningLearning MemoryMemory

Brain structure/functionBrain structure/function

Basal GangliaBasal Ganglia Movement coordinationMovement coordination

Brain structure/functionBrain structure/function

MidbrainMidbrain VisionVision AuditionAudition Eye movementEye movement Body movementBody movement PosturePosture

The average brain weighs The average brain weighs about 1,400gr (3lb)..about 1,400gr (3lb)..

Each hemispheres of the Each hemispheres of the Cerebral Cortex is divided into Cerebral Cortex is divided into four lobes.four lobes.

Grooves and bumps on the Grooves and bumps on the brain surface are called Sulci brain surface are called Sulci and Gyri.and Gyri.

The folding of the Cerebral The folding of the Cerebral Cortex increases the amounts Cortex increases the amounts of Cerebral Cortex that can fit in of Cerebral Cortex that can fit in the skull.the skull.

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/lobe.htmlhttp://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/lobe.html

Occipital lobeOccipital lobe

Located in the back of the brain, Located in the back of the brain, behind the parietal lobe and the behind the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe.temporal lobe.

Concerned with many aspects of Concerned with many aspects of vision.vision.

Frontal lobeFrontal lobe

Located in the front of the central Located in the front of the central sulcussulcus

Concerned with reasoning, Concerned with reasoning, planning, parts of speech and planning, parts of speech and movement, emotions and problem movement, emotions and problem solving.solving.

Temporal lobeTemporal lobe

Located below the lateral fissureLocated below the lateral fissure Concerned with perception and Concerned with perception and

recognition of auditory stimuli recognition of auditory stimuli (hearing) and memory.(hearing) and memory.

Parietal lobeParietal lobe

Located behind the central sulcusLocated behind the central sulcus Concerned with perception of Concerned with perception of

stimuli related to touch, pressure, stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature and pain.temperature and pain.

Alzheimer’sAlzheimer’s

Alzheimer’sAlzheimer’s