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Agenda
• HW presentations• Acceleration of materials• Midterm discussion• Product Architecture• Exercise• Team Assessment
Expectations
• Final expectations– I would prefer a plan for implementation without
a prototype rather than a prototype without a plan for implementation
Acceleration• I am posting my mkt lectures for your reading
enjoyment. • In both cases they were only partially
presented• There is some important info in them relating
to the business context of your product• I would like you to extract some useful info
from them for application to your project and show this in the Final paper
MidtermMidterm Tuesday11/3/09. from 1:30 to 5:00 PMPresentation: 30 minutes ion (15 minutes plus 15 minutes discussion)Paper 10 pages plus appendices• Mission Statement - explain what you hope to achieve by designing your product. Has
your mission statement evolved?• Evaluation of previous approaches. In the cases where prototypes do not exist evaluate
the product that have existed till date to meet that particular need. What needs to be improved?
• Give a list of contacts of people Give one paragraph on what you have learned from them. A more detailed description can go in the appendix
• Architecture of product. Detailed sketch of planned prototype. If you have a model built then a detailed description of this (see slide to follow)
• How are you going to fabricate and test your prototype and refine your business thoughts (a timeline is good here)
• What are the problems that you see (risk analysis)?• How will you meet these challenges?• Results of Team assessment. On a scale of 1-10 how well has your team functioned? 9see
slide to follow)• See slide 28 for Architectural analysis• On Tuesday - We will go over risk and explain how to do a risk analysis
6
For Midterm
Architecture1. Which architecture did you select and
why (modular, integral, etc.)2. create a schematic of the product3. cluster the elements of the schematic4. create a rough geometric layout5. identify the fundamental and incidental
interactions between clusters6. Define subsystems from clusters
Sketch the Product from this architectural analysis
7
Suggested Questionnaire on Team member effectiveness
Each member does for each other member of teamLeader collates and team discussesImprovements discussed
member 1 member 2 etc.CriteriaRegularly attended meetingsWas on timeMade positive contribution to meetingsShared project load equallyHelped to manage conflictHelped to advance project
This is just an example of how you can “take the temperature” of your team’s effectiveness
Next Tuesday
No homeworkWe will go over risk analysis so you know what to do for the midterm. There will be an in-class exercise
Nothing should stop your work on market research
9
What is Product Architecture?
• Three related parts–The definition and the arrangement of functional elements–The mapping of these elements to physical components–The specification of interfaces among interacting physical components
10
Some System Engineer Roles. . .Formulate and structure the System
•Architectural Structure• create a schematic of the product
reflects the teams best understanding of the product’s functionality
• cluster the elements of the schematicreflect geometric integration, function sharing, vendor expertise considerations, localization of changeaccommodate variety, enable standardization, portability of interfaces (laser light, electrical vs mechanical)
• create a rough geometric layout• identify the fundamental and incidental interactions
between clusters• define secondary sub-systems
11
•Define subsystems from clusters•Subsystem Architecture• repeat above at the subsystem level
•Optimizing design across sub-system interfacesconsider migration of components
•Trade Studies• Alternative technologies
•Create detailed Specifications•Planned Evolutionary Changes including Technology transparency•Establishing Error Budgets, weight budgets, power budgets, etc.
15
?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a modular architecture
Plus• Freedom to
optimize• Simplifies problem• Prioritization• Isolates problems• Same device for
different purposes• Cheaper because
of volume
Minus• More people with
more specific expertise
• Harder to streamline• More parts• Constrained to fit in
slot• Single module failure• Blame game
16
Types of Modular Architectures
• Slot– each component has a different coupling so
cannot be interchanged (instrument panel of some airplanes, some parts of back plane of computers, others?)
• Bus– Common element which all components can
connect to (track lighting, Ethernet, others?)
• Sectional– All interfaces are the same type (set of
blocks, others?)
19
Examples of an Integral Architecture
• Fully custom VLSI chip• One piece “monkey suit’• One room studio apartment?• All in one
printer/fax/scanner?• Cell phone etc• Other?
21
What are the advantages and disadvantages
of a integral architecture?• Higher
functionality• Can be cheaper
• Inflexible• Longer to design• Harder to
maintain• Difficult to
upgrade• More
complicated
24
Product Evolution• Upgrade• Add-ons• Adaptation• Wear• Consumption• Flexibility• Maintainability• Feature bundling
Well-designed product architectures accommodate these life cycle changes
25
Product Families• Spin out a variety of products from
a common set of modules• Reuse extensively• Fast turn-around experiments to
test market acceptance of features and to satisfy different segments
• Change Technology platforms infrequently
26
Trailer Example• Different load strength trailer
beds (modularized)• normal or heavy duty
environmental protection?• Three sets of suspension
springs• Air drag streamlining or
standard
27
Modular/IntegralWhich is preferred?
FeatureM I
• Performance• Time to Market• Cost• Upgrade• Competitive defense• Developing World
29
Developing World Product ArchitecturesGiven conditions in Guatemala is there a bias for any particular
architectural style?
Condition• Extreme
cheapness• Maintainability• Scarce
resources• Poor
Transportation infrastructure
• High uncertainty in product acceptance
• ?
Architecture• Integral• Modular• Integral• Hybrid?