Lecture 7 : Nourishment study of movement system

Transition of walking number mean value

Target of men : above 9,200 steps

Target of women : above 8,700 steps

steps

steps

steps

Men

Women

Average

(steps)

(National healthy nourishment investigation)

(year)

Activity contents according to body activity level　 (textbook p.40-1)

The body activity level

representative value is

indicated. In parentheses, a rough range.Example of 18-

29 years oldBasal metabolic

rate

It is a man on. [1,520kcal]

The under is a woman.

[1,180kcal]

Low 　（Ｉ）1.50 　(1.40 ｰ1.60)

Average（ＩＩ）1.75（ 1.60-1.90)

High （ＩＩＩ）2.00(1.90-2.20)

When it sits mostly of life, and there are a lot of static activities

There is work by

the upright

positioning though

the seat title is a

center, too.

Housework

Commuting, etc

Person of a lot of work

of movement and

upright positioning

sports etc.

２，３００ｋｃａｌ

２，６５０ｋｃａｌ

３，０５０ｋｃａｌ

１，７５０ｋｃａｌ

２，０５０ｋｃａｌ

２，３５０ｋｃａｌ

Mitochondria

Cell

nutrient

nutrient

Split product

Split product

Source: A part of "Medical student science that learns one step a step" project (http://physiology1.org) by "Medical student science education sharing group"

Effect of movement treatment using together

Amount of glucose injection

Imp

rovem

ent o

f action

of in

sulin

Meal group Meal / exercise group

before after before after

Decreasingweight

min)

Insulin resistant syndrome

Hypertension

Excess intake, Lack of exercise

(Obesity)

Cause of inheritance(Diabetic)

Liver

Kidney Artery

Hyperlipemia Arteriosclerosis

Insulin resistance

Elevated levels of insulin in the plasma

Sodium re-absorption

Fatsynthesis

An increase of smooth muscle

cell

Visceral fat Paniculus adiposus

Paniculus adiposus typeVisceral fat type

Classification of body fat distribution that uses CT scan

The hypodermic fat type obesity doesn't damage health too much in a past national nutrition survey though obesity was judged by the thickness of the hypodermic fat

The obesity of the visceral fat type is a kernel of Metaboric 　 syndrome, and it is extremely harmful and is necessary to treat

Improvement of the number of steps and amount of visceral fat during a day

Steps a day

Walls o

f the

abd

om

en fat in

dex

Occupational category group and apoplexy incidence

)

Train

m

oto

rman

Train

co

nd

ucto

r

Light labor Middle labor Heavy laborO

fficeW

ork

En

gin

eer

Yoshio ONOY

ardm

an

Ch

arge o

f fu

el

Ch

arge o

f lo

ad

Gatekeep

er

Ap

op

lexy

in

cid

ence

(cal

cula

tio

n/1

0,00

0 p

eop

le y

ear)

Sports player's average life span is short

3,113 of National

Universities 1872-81

with the physical

education part of

those who die are

extracted and it

investigates. However,

killed and the die of

adisease contracted

at the front are

excluded

Faculty

Life spanAfter graduation

Comparison with sports

A joint research of Seiji OSAWA (ODUMA) and Wataru KOISO (TSUKUBA)

Sports ６０．６ ０

LiberalArt

６６．８ ＋６．２

Science

６６．１ ＋５．５Teacher Toru Koiso : from the above-mentioned result of the survey.

"The physical education system university graduate who continued an intense movement that a heavy load hangs to the body over a long period of time is clearer than other groups longevity short" and conclusions are put

How much should we sport?

Total exercise time of one week

(minutes)

Strength of movement

Number of target heart beats

(beats / 1 minute)

Age class 20’s 30’s 40’s 50’s 60’s

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Exercise standard for Health 2006

METS ＝ metabolic equivalentsMETS ： Unit of movement strength ：１ METS= 3.5ml Oxygen/mi

nute/weightThe oxygen consumed when moving is shown by the multiple of t

he oxygen consumed of the rest sittingThe amount of ativity ：　 23 METS ・ hour/week 　 60 min. a day i

n case of strength 3 or more 。 In walking activity 8,000 ｰ 10,000 steps 。

The quick time, and for instance, it is a jog, tennis, and reference. Value of the maxima oxygen uptake for about 35 minutes for 60 minutes. (oxygen ml/weight kg/minute)20’s 　　 men 　 40 　　　 women 3560’s 　　 men 　 33 　　　 women 28

Yasuo KAGAWA. “Easy nourishment study” KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2006, p.44

Muscular

structureMuscle

Structure of muscle Yasuo KAGAWA. “Nourishment 　 biochemistry” KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 1970, p.199

Muscle bundle

Myofibroma

Myosin

Actin

A fiberI fiber

Tropomyosin

Troponin

Myofibril

Mytotome

A few cm

A few mm

Tens ofµ m

dark light

Z membrane

Slack

Shrinkage

Slack and shrinkage of muscle plate

Den-sity

Den-sity

Yasuo KAGAWA. “Nourishment 　 biochemistry” KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 1970, p.201

An increase in consumption of glucidic according to strength of movement

Speed of oxygen consumption

The person who has a lot of glycogens in the muscle

has stamina

Yasuo KAGAWA. ”Energy, Kagawa Nutrition publishing, 1993, p.160

Energy generation gross weight

Consumption of muscular glycogen

Amount of energy generation by glucidic

Glycogen used for lactic acid formation

Exercise limitation factor

Glycogen decrease

Lactic acid accumulation

En

erg

y g

en

era

tio

n s

pe

ed

Minute)

At the rest Minute)

White muscle

Red muscle

Non-lactic acid mechanism

（ ATP ＋ PCr ）

（ Glycogen use b

y glycolysis ）Lactic acid mechanism

Having oxygen

mechanism

（ Use such as fat by oxidative phosphorylation)

Ratio

of A

TP

su

pp

ly

0

20

40

60

80

100

（％）

Exercise time 30 sec 90 sec 3 min A few hours

run 100m 400m 800m marathon

eg Shot put 100m swim

wrestling

1500m swim

jogging

Red muscle of marathon.Depends on mitochondria. Endurance.

The agility is no oxygen, and power

FG fiber

fastSO

fiberlow

enduranceFOG

fiberMiddle

Yasuo KAGAWA. ”Energy, Kagawa Nutrition publishing, 1993, p.126

Shrinkage mechanism with calcium of

striate muscle (A) and plain muscle (B)

Actinin and Toroponin senses calcium

Actin

Striate muscle Plain muscle

Tail TailHead Head

ActinUniting part

ActinUniting part

Yasuo KAGAWA et al. “Core, molecular biology of human body” MARUZEN, 1997, p.382

Contraction Contraction

Calmodulin

Myosin light chain kinase

Tropomyosin

TroponinC : Ca binding site

Myosin heavy Chain (H)

Myosin light Chain (L)

L1 (molecular weight 2,000) light chain

L2 (molecular weight 18,000) light chain

H (molecular weight 210,000) heavy chain

L3 (molecular weight 15,000) light chain

H (molecular weight 200,000) heavy chain

L (molecular weight 15,000) light chain

L (molecular weight 20,000) light chain

Player's aptitude is judged by ACTN3 gene multi type

Inheritance of

muscular protein

DG MacArthur et al. Bioessays. 26:786-795 (2004)

Classification of body activity and energy of target each day intake

Time of activity

A few seconds

Within a minute

１～ 10 minutes

Above 10 minutes Endurance

Strength of activity

Maximum effort

Struggle Strength maintenance

Intermittent high strength

High strength

　　 Item

Discus throw

Hammer

Shot put

High jump

Diving

Ski jumping

Dash

400 m run

Hurdle

Three step jump

Jump

Swimming

race 500m

800 m run1,500 m

run3,000 m

runWrestlingGymnasticDownhill

（ ski ）

Foot ballBasket ballIce hockeyLacrosse

Tennis 、 Fencing ﾞFloor

exercise 、 5,000 m run

Cross country

10,000 m run

MarathonSoccerCross

country ski

kcal ／ a day

3,000 ～4,000

3,000 ～4,000

3,000 ～5,000

3,000 ～6,000

4,000 ～6,000

Practice time: Amount of addition energy corresponding to practice time(%)Within 1

hour ５ 　５ １０ １０ １３

１～２ hours １０ １０ ２０ ２０ ２５

Above 2 hours １５ １５ ３０ ３０ ３８

The amount of each day energy is almost an estimate of the figure and weight especially assuming that it is the same, and it is necessary to note it. The shot put player is big in general, and the runner is diminutive. Is the player does assume 3,000kcal to be a minimum, necessary amount, and energy in this by the activity, It is necessary to increase the amount. It might be useful for mutual comparisons of each athletic event though this material is the one intended for the foreign player, and each value is a little large on average

Movement of calcium of meal and boneCalcium is absorbed only about 10% of the intake and exists

in human body by about 1kg

Bone

Urine

Powder milk Dried fish

CheeseMilk

Yogurt

Meal

IntestinePlasma

distribution

Fluid infusion

Insidecell

intake day)

day)

Amongliquid

Exchangeability

Yasuo KAGAWA et al. “Core, molecular biology of human body” MARUZEN, 1997, p.284

Osteoporosis

Normal

Osteoporosis

Cancellous bone

Cortical bone

Part near humeral

Change in age and amount of bone

Men

Women

Fracture

(age)

Am

ou

nt o

f bo

ne

Kagawa Nutrition University

High-Tech Research Center

Name

Whole bodyComparison to Healthy person average value

Investigation day

Investigation day

Analysis day

Molecule of collagen( I type)

telopeptide

Nanometer1.5Nanometer

For female senior citizen's those who fracture, man's nine times and those who fall are twice.

Necessary to help meal and the excretion at once

Op

eration

Bed

ridd

enD

emen

tia

Ratio of person who falls and fractures at home (2001)

Men above 65 y.o

Women above 65 y.o

Fall down in 1 year Bone broken

20.1% of fall down)

4.21% of fall down)

Fall down and bone broken in 1 year

Source: “Senior citizen's house and attitude survey concerning life environment” by the Cabinet Office