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7/31/2019 Lecture BIO 5C
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Global change, sustainability, ecosystem services, ecological footprint
Limits of S ecies Distributions Biogeograhy, niche, factors limiting distribution
Taxonomy of Ecosystems , ,
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Temperature, energy input, seasons, greenhouse ,
patterns
Regional Climate patterns
Microclimate
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Why is there a general pattern for the location of the major terrestrial biomes?
Climate: the average state of the weather at a particular location
Weather: the instantaneous state of the weather at a particular location
Five main components o c imate an weat er Light Energy
Precipitation Relative Humidity
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T m r t r : Wh t i it? intensive state variable of a material related to energy content through mass specific functions
Temperature changes are caused by altered net storage
sensible heat fluxes energy exchange that involves a
temperature change
evaporation or transpiration of water without a temperature change
Temperature and the energy budget of organisms or the land surface are measured because of interest:
Organism to ecosystem water relations, the physiological,
phenological, and lifecycle sensitivities of organisms to their environment
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Temperature . o a ean empera ure reen ouse e ec
- also affects day/night variation in temp.
UV, visible andshort-waveinfrared radiation
Long-waveinfraredradiation
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7/31/2019 Lecture BIO 5C
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Atmospheric North South Circulation: Global Wind Patterns
Hadley cells: as originally proposed
7/31/2019 Lecture BIO 5C
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North South Circulation: Global Wind Patterns and Distribution of Terrestrial Biomes
Rotation East to West
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7/31/2019 Lecture BIO 5C
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Arctic
60N
Circle
Westerlies
0
Northeast tradesDoldrums
30S
Westerlies
Southeast trades
60SAntarcticCircle
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The impact of the prevailing windsand their potential to link eventsamong con nen s s us ra e ythe movement of dust in theatmosphere and the enrichment of
Atlantic Ocean by nutrients fromAfrica!
Dust storm from the Gobi Desertmoving across the Korean Peninsulaand Japan.
The dust crosses thePacific Ocean and hitsCalifornia.
The remnants of the dustaffect the air on the EastCoast of the U.S.
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Mountains, water bodies, land cover
Microclimate
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Re ional E ects
on
Climate
Various features
of
the
landscape
contribute
to
local variations in climate
Topography (Mountains) Bodies of water Land cover
7/31/2019 Lecture BIO 5C
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Mountains
Changes in altitude affect: e amount o sun g t reac ng an area Local temperature
Mountains cause orographic effects Rainfall patterns Mountain valley effects
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Orographic Effects
Winddirection
East
Ocean
Sierra
CoastRange
Nevada
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7/31/2019 Lecture BIO 5C
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Bodies of Water
Oceans and their currents and large lakes
environmentsLand heats up and cools more quickly than do large bodies of water.
The high specific heat of water slows warming and cooling.
(Maritime climate) than do regions on the interior of continents (Continental climate).
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Fig. 52 122
3Air cools at
high elevation.Cooler
air sinks Warm air
over land rises.1over water.
4 Cool air over watermoves inland, replacing
rising warm air over land.
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More vegetation
Cooler, higher relative humidity, more precipitation
Less Vegetation Warmer, lower relative humidit , less reci itation
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Urban Heat Island
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Regional Societal, Vegetation, mate e at ons ps
Tem eratureIncomeIncreasing Variable
Vegetation
Jenerette et
al.
2007
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croc ma e Fine scale topography plant shading
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Microclimate
Microclimate is determined by fine scale
Aspect: direction of slope face
North facing
slopes
are
cooler
/ wetter
South facing slopes are warmer / drier
Plant Shading:Underneath a plant canopy
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Early Spring Day
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Lecture 3
Review
Global Climate Patterns Temperature, energy input, greenhouse effect, major
atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns
Regional Climate patterns oun a ns, wa er o es, an cover
Microclimate aspect, plant shading
Thought question: Is a north facing slope in the southern hemisphere warmer or colder
than a corresponding South facing slope?