LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS

Legislations

Cruelty Versus Control

Government Efforts

The Constitution of India

The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Section 289)

The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960

CPCSEA GuidelinesCPCSEA Guidelines

The Criminal Procedure Code, 1973

The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

The Police Acts

The Municipal Corporation Acts

Legislations

Cruelty Versus Control

Organizational efforts

- School Boards

NGO

- ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research)

- Pharmacy Council of India- Pharmacy Council of India

- I-CARE (International Centre for Alternatives in

Research and Education)

Individual efforts

Constitution: The Fundamental duties Part IVA Art. 51A (g)

It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.

IPC, 1860

Definition of animal Negligent conduct with respect to an animal Negligent conduct with respect to an animal Punishment of rupees 10 to 500 or imprisonment of five

year for killing or maiming animals

State Government Acts

Police Acts

Empowers Police Officers with respect to offences under the PCA Act, 1960 or WPA, 1972

State Laws enacted and enforced by various States

Municipal Corporation Acts

Establishment & maintenance of veterinary hospitals, cattle farms, diaries, municipal markets and slaughter houses;

licenses to private markets and slaughter houses, theatre circus etc.

Guidelines for draft animals in towns

Guidelines for capturing wild animals in town

PCA, 1960 (Central Act)

Animal Welfare Board of India

Animal experiments

Power of entry and inspection

Power to prohibit experiments on animals

Performing AnimalsPerforming Animals

Registration of animals

Power of search and seizure

Treatment and care guidelines

Transporting Animals

PCA, 1960 (Central Act)

Defined the term cruelty

Applies only to captive and domestic animals

Chapter IV- Experimentation on animals- CPCSEA-to regulate experimentation- general objectives laid down- non-cognizable offences

Chapter V performing animals- registration mandatory- procedure laid down in S.23- S.26 offence and punishment- non-cognizable offence

Establishment of Animal Welfare Board of India

CPCSEACPCSEACPCSEACPCSEACommittee for the Purpose of Control and

Supervision of Experiments on Animals

Founded by an Act of the Indian Parliament.

Statutory body of the Government of India

First CPCSEA Constituted in 1964

Various Guidelines and Sub committees

CPCSEA

Breeding of and Experiments on Animals (Control and Supervision) Rules (1998)

1999 Pro active efforts in the areas of

use of animal in educationuse of animal in education

use of equines in production of immunobiologicals

manufacture of tissue culture vaccines.

Toxicological studies

CPCSEACPCSEACPCSEACPCSEA National Subcommittee for the promotion and

propagation of the concept of alternatives in education, basic biomedical research and regulatory testing. (2000)

Mandatory registration of animal laboratories with CPCSEACPCSEA

Constitution of Institutional Animal Ethics Committees (IAEC)

Honorary CPCSEA nominees on all these committees

CPCSEACPCSEACPCSEACPCSEA

National level expert committee to scrutinize and approve the use of large animals in research

Introduced a national Good Laboratory Practice document.document.

2004 CPCSEA officially accepts the concept of the 4th R.

investigators have a moral responsibility to take care of laboratory animals after use

Main Activities of CPCSEA Registration of Breeder/Establishment/ Educational Institutions /

Shelters (Rule 5a) (Form A)

Approval of Animal House Facilities (Rule 5b)

Permission of Committee for Conducting Experiments (Rule 8a)Form B)(Form B)

Recommendation for import (Rule 10)

Record of Animals bred / acquired (Form C)

Record of Animals Acquired and Experiments performed (Form D)

Form A

Bank draft of Rs.1,000/- in favor of CPCSEA as registration fee.

Constitution an IAEC before apply

A spot inspection of the organization in two different ways;

a. In case of Registration of an establishment for experiments on animals (under Rule 4 of Breeding Rules), the initial Inspection would be preliminary in nature, and carried out by one inspecting member.

Form B

No proposal for Animal Experimentation till establishment has been approved by competent authority.

The approval for experimentation on small animals will be accorded by IAEC.

Approval for experimentation on Large Animals will be considered by SCLA on the carried out by one inspecting member.

However, before conduct of experiments on animals specific approval regarding Animal House Facility will be necessary through inspection.

b. In case of Registration of establishments for Breeding purposes (under Rule 3 of Breeding Rules), the spot Inspection would be carried out.

Animals will be considered by SCLA on the recommendation of IAEC.

The decision in the IAEC and SCLA would normally be taken by consensus.

IAEC

As per rule 13, the IAEC should includeOne biological scientist

Two scientists from different biological disciplines

3 veterinarian involved in the care of animals

The scientist in charge of animals facility of the establishment concernedconcerned

One scientist from outside the institute,

One non-scientific socially aware member

One representative or nominee of the CPCSEA

GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES (CPCSEA)GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES (CPCSEA)GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES (CPCSEA)GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES (CPCSEA)

Breeding and genetics of animals veterinary care animal procurement Quarantine stabilization & separation surveillance diagnosis treatment & control of disease animal care & technical personnel personal hygiene

functional areas, physical facilities, environment

animal husbandry feeding bedding water sanitation and cleanliness assessing the effectiveness of sanitation waste disposal, pest control

personal hygiene animal experimentation involving

hazardous agents multiple surgical procedures on single

animal, durations of experiments physical restraint physical plant personnel and training transport of laboratory animals physical relationship of animal facilities to

laboratories

pest control emergency weekend and holiday care record keeping standard operating procedures (SOPS) anesthesia and euthanasia laboratory animal ethics transgenic animals disposal

Outcome of effortsOutcome of effortsOutcome of effortsOutcome of efforts

Indian School Certificate (ISc) removed dissection of animals from a part of biology practicals from the year 2000

CBSE deleted all experiments relating to dissection of animals in biology practicals (April 2001)

Indian Council of Medical ResearchI. Guidelines for the use of animals in Scientific Research

II. Guidelines for use of animals in Medical Colleges

Pharmacy Council of India issued a directive to adopt a Computer Aided Learning (CAL) software Expharm CD

I-CARE (NGO) organized a training course on the use of

alternatives in education in 11 cities across India

Indian Journal Of Pharmacology, Chief Editor: Dr. R Raveendran

actively involved in the development EP Dog

BioBioBioBio----Safety in laboratory animalsSafety in laboratory animalsSafety in laboratory animalsSafety in laboratory animals

Biosafety level is the level of the bio-containment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents

There are four safety levels (BSL1 to BSL4)

BSL3-ag is in between BSL3 and BSL 4 for removing agricultural hazards

Higher numbers indicate a greater risk to the external environment Higher numbers indicate a greater risk to the external environment

As per facilities provided also called as P1 through P4 (for Pathogen or Protection level)

Practices and safety equipmentPractices and safety equipmentPractices and safety equipmentPractices and safety equipment

Level Laboratory Practices And Safety Equipment Pathogen handled

ABSL-1 Limited access, protective clothing and gloves

Canine hepatitis, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, as well as some cell cultures and non-infectious bacteria. Auto clave is sufficient

ABSL-2

ABSL-1 practices plus: hazard warning signs. Class Ior II BSCs (biological safety cabinets) for activitiesthat produce aerosols. Decontamination of waste and

C. difficile, hepatitis A B & C influenza A, Lyme disease, Dengue fever, Salmonella, mumps, measles, HIV, Scrapie, MRSA, VRSA and MOOs.

that produce aerosols. Decontamination of waste andcages before washing

ABSL-3 ABSL-2 practices plus: controlled access. BSCs andspecial protective clothing for all activities.

Leishmania donovani, M. tuberclosis, B. anthracis, West Nile Virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Hendravirus, SARS corona virus, Salmonella typhi, Coxiellaburnetti, Rift Valley fever Virus, Rickettsia rikettsii and yellow fever virus

ABSL-4

ABSL-3 plus: strictly limited access. Clothing changebefore entering. Class III BSCs or positive pressuresuits. Shower on exit. Decontamination of all wastesbefore removal from facility.

Bolivian and Argentine Hemorrhagic fevers, Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Lassa fever, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever, Small pox, H5N1 virus,Yersiniapestis and other hemorrhagic disease. use of a Hazmat suit and a self-contained oxygen supply is mandatory

Russell and BurchRussell and BurchRussell and BurchRussell and BurchThe Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, 1959 The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, 1959 The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, 1959 The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, 1959

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE THREE RsIMPLEMENTATION OF THE THREE RsIMPLEMENTATION OF THE THREE RsIMPLEMENTATION OF THE THREE Rs

Replacement

Reduction

Refinement

The successful implementation of the Three Rsheavily depends upon education and trainingof persons involved in animal experimentation.

Balls, M., Goldberg, A., Fentem, J. et al.The Three Rs: The way forwardATLA 23(6), 838-866, 1995

COURSE LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE

Biology and husbandry of laboratory animals Genetic standardisation and quality control Gnotobiology and disease control Animal models and experimental design Experimental procedures Experimental procedures Anaesthesiology and analgesia Animal alternatives Ethics and animal welfare

Emphasis on competence and attitude

Im so proud! All of my kids are going into

research

Concept of 4R Personnel using experimental animals have a moral responsibility

for the animals after their use. Investigators are responsible for the after care and/or rehabilitation of the animals post-experimentation CPCSEA Guidelines.

Costs of aftercare and/or rehabilitation of animals post- Costs of aftercare and/or rehabilitation of animals post-experimentation are to be part of research costs and should be scaled per animal in positive correlation with the level of sentience of the animals

What is AAALAC?

AAALAC stands for the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International.

Mission: AAALAC International enhances life sciences by promoting the AAALAC International enhances life sciences by promoting the responsible treatment of animals used in research, teaching and testing through voluntary accreditation and assessment programs.

Accreditation Is completely voluntary and confidential.

Is performance-based.

Is a peer-review process. Is a peer-review process.

Origins During the post-World War II science boom,

leading veterinarians and researchers saw the need for an independent organization to encourage high standards for humane animal care and use in science in science

AAALAC was created to meet this need, and was incorporated as an independent nonprofit organization in 1965

Growth AAALAC accredits universities, companies, government agencies, and

nonprofit organizations.

In 1996, AAALAC changed its name to include International in order to reflect its growth outside the United States.

Today, more than 700 institutions are accredited Today, more than 700 institutions are accredited in 28 different countries

AAALAC now has offices in Rockville, Maryland (USA), Brussels, Belgium, and Waikoloa, Hawaii

International representation AAALAC has a multinational Board of Trustees,

including representation from ICLAS and FELASA.

Accredited organizations in 28 countries including:

Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mauritius, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Scotland, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, The Netherlands, and the United States.

Organization 68 Member Organizations

govern AAALAC, and are represented on the Board of Trustees.

The 42-member Council on Accreditation carries out the accreditation program.the accreditation program.

The Council is comprised of North American and European Sections.

180+ ad hoc Consultants help conduct program evaluations.

The process AAALAC accredits your entire program which includes:

animal care and use policies and responsibilities

animal environment, housing and management

veterinary medical care

your physical plant

Finally, Provides electronic newsletter, the AAALAC E-brief.

A free subscription to AAALACs Connection newsletter

Telephone and e-mail consultations

Periodic updates on the accreditation program and animal care and use issues

The process

Request an application package or download it from www.aaalac.org

Complete the application and develop a Program Description a document that details all aspects of your program. (An outline of what to include is included in the application package.)

Receive an objective, peer-review evaluation from an AAALAC site-visit team.Receive an objective, peer-review evaluation from an AAALAC site-visit team.

Receive immediate feedback during your site visit exit briefing.

The site-visit team submits their report to the Council on Accreditation.

Council deliberations take place. AAALAC accreditation is awarded.

Maintaining accreditation You must submit an annual program report

to AAALAC. (The annual report form is mailed to you.)

You must be revisited and re-evaluated You must be revisited and re-evaluated once every three years.

Major program changes or deficiencies must be reported to AAALAC in between site visits.

Accreditation Provides a confidential, third-party peer review.

Promotes scientific validity.

Represents quality.

Demonstrates accountability.

Assures funding sources.

Helps recruit quality people.

Shows a real commitment to humane animal care.

People perception about accreditation People perception about accreditation People perception about accreditation People perception about accreditation It assures the credibility of program among funding sources. It provides the public with a positive image. It helps convince management of the need to commit resources

to maintain a high-quality program. It conveys a high level of professionalism

to the scientific community Application of AAALAC standards ensures Application of AAALAC standards ensures

high-quality research and animal care, resulting in better science

Completing the Program Description helps us identify weaknesses and self-correct them

It assures our customers that we have a quality program The rigorous peer-review evaluation ensures that were doing

things right

Useful Links

Organization Websites

International Council for Laboratory Animal Science www.iclas.org

Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC)

www.aaalac.org

Institute for Laboratory Animal research (ILAR) dels.nas.edu/ilar

Asian Federation of Laboratory Animal Science Association www.aflas-office.org/minutes/index.html

American Association of Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) www.aalas.org/certification/tech_cert.aspx

Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Association (FELASA)

http://www.felasa.eu/

Canadian Association of Laboratory Animal Science http://www.calas-acsal.org/

Japanese Association of Laboratory Animal Science (JALAS) http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jalas/english/en_journal.html

The Laboratory Animals Veterinary Association (LAVA) www.lava.uk.net

Norwegian School of Veterinary Science & Alternatives http://oslovet.veths.no/dokument.aspx?dokument=80&mnu=about_us

Laboratory Animal Management Association http://www.lama-online.org

Laboratory Animal Science Association www.lasa.co.uk

Laboratory Animal Breeders Association http://www.laba-uk.com

Singapore Association for Laboratory Animal Science (SALAS) http://www.salas.sg

International Association of colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicines(IACALM)

http://www.iaclam.org

Organization Websites

Singapore Association for Laboratory Animal Science (SALAS) http://www.salas.sg

Charles river http://www.criver.com

Laboratory Animal Limited http://www.lal.org.uk

Association for Advancement of Laboratory Animal Technicians http://www.aalat.net

American college of Laboratory Animal Medicine http://www.aclam.org

The Jackson Laboratory http://www.jax.org

Laboratory Animal Scientist Association of India NA

Laboratory Animal Scientist Association http://www.lasaindia.org

Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals

www.cpcsea.com

Ministry of Environment and Forest, GOI envfor.nic.in

1. The International Journal of Laboratory Animal Science and welfare 5.

2. Journal of American Association of Laboratory Animal Science 6.

3. Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science 7. Lab Animal

4. ILAR Journal 8. ALN Magazine

Some relevant websites www.cpcsea.com

www.icmr.nic.in

www.ijp-online.com

www.icare-worldwide.org

www.indphar.org

www.pharmacologyonline.org www.pharmacologyonline.org

Guinea Pig

Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) also known as "Sea Pig," "BarbaryRabbit," or "Little Sea Pig

derived from domesticated stocks of wild guinea pigs whichoriginated in Peru, South America

As a source of meat-South America

Guinea pigs were bred for fancy, and kept as pets for up to 300years

Dunkin Hartley is major outbred stocks of Guinea pig

Pirbright-Hartley is an outbred stock used in England

Order-Rodentia, sub-order-Hystricomorpha and family-Caviidae

guinea pigs are hystricomorph (hedgehog-like) rodents

Contd

used in antibody production, tumorigenesis, nutrition, genetics, radiation research, and dental studies including antibacterial action of saliva and production

guinea pigs are referred to as sows, and the males are called boars

adult male weight varies from 400-500 gm whereas adult female weight varies from 800-900 gmweight varies from 800-900 gm

Unlike most other rodents they have no tail

Guinea Pigs are most docile laboratory animals

Guinea pigs tend to freeze when they hear unfamiliar sounds

scattering behavior can involve stampeding, jumping, or rapid circling of the cage

Contd

Dominant animals will frequently barber or chew off the hair of subordinate animals which results in a patch of hair loss with the underlying skin

Barbering is also associated with boredom or the stress of overcrowdingovercrowding

Vocalization among group members is important in their social interactions

mainly of squealing, whistling, and grunting sounds

Guinea Pigs are restrained by grasping the animal around the thoracic area from above with the thumb and forefinger right behind the front legs and lift.

Guinea PigsSl No. Parameter Guinea Pig

1 Scientific Name Cavia Porcellus

2 Strains (Out bred) Dunkin Hartley

3 Chromosome (2n) 64

4 Adult body weight 500-800 gm

5 Life Span 5 to 7 years

6 Age for Sexual Maturity 8-9 week

7 Reproductive Span 1.5 to 4 years (4-5 litters)7 Reproductive Span 1.5 to 4 years (4-5 litters)

8 Gestation Period 67-70 days

9 Litter Size 1-6 (Average 3)

10 Estrus Cycle 16.5 days (Polyestrous)

11 Duration of Estrus One days

12 Birth Weight 70-100 gm

13 Weaning Age 30 days (180 gm)

14 Mating Ratio 8:1

15 Sex determination "Y" shaped genital in female

16 Post-partum mating 1 week Post Weaning

Housing and Environmental Requirements Housing and Environmental Requirements Housing and Environmental Requirements Housing and Environmental Requirements Guinea Pig Rabbit

Avg. Adult weight 400-500g 2.0-2.5kgType of Housing Cage/Pan Cage

Floor Area per Animal (sq.cm) 300-600 3700-4600

Cage height Minimum(c m) 18 36Room TempC 22-24 22-24

Relative Humidity (%) 45-60 45-60

Suitable Bedding Material Paddy husk Saw dust -

Nesting Material Woodshavings dry grass Cotton papercutting dry grass

Ventilation Air changes per hour 10-12 10-12

Light Intensity(LUX) 300-400 300-400

Photocycle (Light :Dark) 12:12 12:12

Disease of Guinea Pig

VIRAL

Adenovirus

Retrovirus

Other Viruses: "Herpes-like" Virus, "X" Virus

BACTERIAL

Streptococcal Lymphadenitis

Streptococcal Pneumonia (Most common)

Bordetellosis

PROTOZOAN

Eimeria caviae

Cryptosporidium wrairi

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Toxoplasma gondii

Paraspidodera uncinata

METABOLIC

Diabetes Mellitus Salmonellosis

Staphylococcosis

Clostridial Enterotoxemia

Chlamydiosis ("Inclusion Conjunctivitis")

Tyzzer's Disease

Yersiniosis

Cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus

FUNGI

Dermatophytosis

Diabetes Mellitus

Scurvy

Pregnancy Toxemia

Soft Tissue Mineralization

Neoplasms

ECTOPARASITE

Mites, Fleas, Lice and Ticks

Note: Hair Loss is a normal phenomenon

Procurement from IVRI Prices:

Sl. No. Species Price each animals (INR)

1 Mice 50

2 Rat 80

3 Guinea Pig 150

4 Rabbit (NZW) 300

5 Rabbit (Angora) 600

Production of CPCSEA registration certificate along with request letter is mandatory

Availability must be confirmed

Currently we are not supplying Rabbits to outside agencies

5 Rabbit (Angora) 600