Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9297

Commenced Publication in 1973Founding and Former Series Editors:Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board

David HutchisonLancaster University, Lancaster, UK

Takeo KanadeCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Josef KittlerUniversity of Surrey, Guildford, UK

Jon M. KleinbergCornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Friedemann MatternETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

John C. MitchellStanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

Moni NaorWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

C. Pandu RanganIndian Institute of Technology, Madras, India

Bernhard SteffenTU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany

Demetri TerzopoulosUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Doug TygarUniversity of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Gerhard WeikumMax Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7409

Julio Abascal • Simone BarbosaMirko Fetter • Tom GrossPhilippe Palanque • Marco Winckler (Eds.)

Human-ComputerInteraction –

INTERACT 201515th IFIP TC 13 International ConferenceBamberg, Germany, September 14–18, 2015Proceedings, Part II

123

EditorsJulio AbascalUniversidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko

UnibertsitateaDonostia-San SebastiánSpain

Simone BarbosaPUC-RioRio de JaneiroBrazil

Mirko FetterUniversity of BambergBambergGermany

Tom GrossUniversity of BambergBambergGermany

Philippe PalanqueUniversity Paul SabatierToulouseFrance

Marco WincklerUniversity Paul SabatierToulouseFrance

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceISBN 978-3-319-22667-5 ISBN 978-3-319-22668-2 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015946321

LNCS Sublibrary: SL3 – Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI

Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2015This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of thematerial is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informationstorage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology nowknown or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoes not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book arebelieved to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editorsgive a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors oromissions that may have been made.

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Foreword

The 15th IFIP TC.13 International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction,INTERACT 2015, was held during September 14–18, 2015, in Bamberg, Germany,organized by the University of Bamberg. The city of Bamberg is proud of its more than1,000-year-old center. It has more than 2,400 historically listed buildings and became aUNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1993. With 70,000 inhabitants, Bamberg is asmall town in the heart of Europe.

The theme of the 2015 edition was “Connection, tradition, innovation.” In its rel-atively short history, the human–computer interaction (HCI) area has experiencedimpressive development. Theories, methodologies, procedures, guidelines, and toolshave been progressively proposed, discussed, tested, and frequently adopted by aca-demia and industry. The protagonists of this development created in a short period oftime a scientific and technological tradition able to produce high-quality interactionsystems. However, the evolution of the computers and networks pose new challengesto all stakeholders. Innovation, based on tradition, is the only way to face thesechallenges, even if innovation often requires breaking the tradition. In order to makethis process possible, INTERACT 2015 provides diverse and abundant connectionopportunities. A multidisciplinary approach is characteristic of the HCI field.INTERACT 2015 aimed to connect all the matters able to contribute to the qualityof the future interactions among people and computers.

The series of INTERACT international conferences (started in 1984) is supported byTechnical Committee 13 on Human–Computer Interaction of the International Feder-ation for Information Processing (IFIP). This committee aims at developing the scienceand technology of the interaction between humans and computing devices.

IFIP was created in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO with the aim of balancingworldwide the development of computer technology and Science. Technical Com-mittee 13 is fully conscious of the social importance of information and communicationtechnologies for our world, today and in the future. Therefore, INTERACT 2015 madeefforts to attract and host people from all over the world, and to pay attention to theconstraints imposed on HCI by differences in culture, language, technological avail-ability, physical, as well as sensory and cognitive differences, among other dimensionsof interest.

INTERACT 2015 gathered a stimulating collection of research papers and reports ofdevelopment and practice that acknowledge the diverse disciplines, abilities, cultures,and societies, and that address all the aspects of HCI, including technical, human,social, and esthetic.

Like its predecessors, INTERACT 2015 aimed to be an exciting forum for com-munication with people of similar interests, to foster collaboration and learning. Beingby nature a multidisciplinary field, HCI requires interaction and discussion amongdiverse people with different interests and backgrounds. INTERACT 2015 was directedboth to the academic and industrial world, always highlighting the latest developments

in the discipline of HCI and its current applications. Experienced HCI researchers andprofessionals, as well as newcomers to the HCI field, interested in the design orevaluation of interactive software, development of new technologies for interaction,and research on general theories of HCI met in Bamberg.

We thank all the authors who chose INTERACT 2015 as the venue to publish theirresearch. This was again an outstanding year for the conference in terms of submissionsin all the technical categories.

We received 651 submissions. Of these, the following were accepted: 93 fullresearch papers; 74 short research papers; eight demos; 30 interactive posters; fourorganizational overviews; three panels; six tutorials; 11 workshops; and 13 doctoralconsortium papers.

The acceptance rate for the full papers was 29.6 % and 26.8 % for short papers.In order to select the highest-quality contributions, an elaborate review system was

organized including shepherding of 38 full research papers that went through a secondand sometimes a third round of review. That process was primarily handled by the 32meta-reviewers who willingly assisted and ensured the selection of high-quality fullresearch papers to be presented at INTERACT 2015.

The final decision on acceptance or rejection of papers was taken in a plenaryProgram Committee meeting held in Tampere (Finland) in February 2015, aimed todiscuss a consistent set of criteria to deal with inevitable differences among the largenumber of reviewers who were recruited and supported by the meta-reviewers. Thetechnical program chairs and the track chairs, the general chairs, and the members ofIFIP Technical Committee 13 participated in the meeting.

Special thanks must go to the track chairs and all the reviewers, who put in anenormous amount of work to ensure that quality criteria were maintained throughoutthe selection process. We also want to acknowledge the excellent work of the co-chairsof the different sections of the conference and the meta-reviewers of the full researchpaper track.

We also thank the members of the Organizing Committee, especially Mirko Fetter,local organization chair, who provided us with all the necessary resources to facilitateour work. Finally, we wish to express a special thank you to the proceedings publi-cation chair, Marco Winckler, who did extraordinary work to put this volume together.

September 2015 Tom GrossJulio Abascal

Simone BarbosaPhilippe Palanque

VI Foreword

IFIP TC13

Established in 1989, the International Federation for Information Processing TechnicalCommittee on Human–Computer Interaction (IFIP TC13) is an international committeeof 37 national societies and nine working groups, representing specialists in humanfactors, ergonomics, cognitive science, computer science, design, and relateddisciplines. INTERACT is its flagship conference, staged biennially in differentcountries in the world. From 2017 the conference series will become an annualconference.

IFIP TC13 aims to develop the science and technology of human–computerinteraction (HCI) by: encouraging empirical research, promoting the use of knowledgeand methods from the human sciences in design and evaluation of computer systems;promoting better understanding of the relation between formal design methods andsystem usability and acceptability; developing guidelines, models, and methods bywhich designers may provide better human-oriented computer systems; and, cooper-ating with other groups, inside and outside IFIP, to promote user orientation andhumanization in system design. Thus, TC13 seeks to improve interactions betweenpeople and computers, encourage the growth of HCI research and disseminate thesebenefits worldwide.

The main orientation is toward users, especially non-computer professional users,and how to improve human–computer relations. Areas of study include: the problemspeople have with computers; the impact on people in individual and organizationalcontexts; the determinants of utility, usability, and acceptability; the appropriateallocation of tasks between computers and users; modeling the user to aid better systemdesign; and harmonizing the computer to user characteristics and needs.

While the scope is thus set wide, with a tendency toward general principles ratherthan particular systems, it is recognized that progress will only be achieved throughboth general studies to advance theoretical understanding and specific studies onpractical issues (e.g., interface design standards, software system consistency,documentation, appropriateness of alternative communication media, human factorsguidelines for dialogue design, the problems of integrating multimedia systems tomatch system needs and organizational practices, etc.).

In 1999, TC13 initiated a special IFIP Award, the Brian Shackel Award, for themost outstanding contribution in the form of a refereed paper submitted to anddelivered at each INTERACT. The award draws attention to the need for acomprehensive human-centered approach in the design and use of informationtechnology in which the human and social implications have been taken into account.2007 IFIP TC 13 also launched an accessibility award to recognize an outstandingcontribution with international impact in the field of accessibility for disabled users inHCI. In 2013, IFIP TC 13 launched the Interaction Design for InternationalDevelopment (IDID) Award, which recognizes the most outstanding contribution tothe application of interactive systems for social and economic development of people in

developing countries. Since the process to decide the award takes place after papers aresubmitted for publication, the awards are not identified in the proceedings.

IFIP TC 13 also recognizes pioneers in the area of HCI. An IFIP TC 13 pioneer isone who, through active participation in IFIP Technical Committees or related IFIPgroups, has made outstanding contributions to the educational, theoretical, technical,commercial, or professional aspects of analysis, design, construction, evaluation, anduse of interactive systems. IFIP TC 13 pioneers are appointed annually and awards arehanded over at the INTERACT conference.

IFIP TC13 stimulates working events and activities through its working groups(WGs). WGs consist of HCI experts from many countries, who seek to expandknowledge and find solutions to HCI issues and concerns within their domains, asoutlined here.

WG13.1 (Education in HCI and HCI Curricula) aims to improve HCI education atall levels of higher education, coordinate and unite efforts to develop HCI curricula andpromote HCI teaching.

WG13.2 (Methodology for User-Centered System Design) aims to foster research,dissemination of information and good practice in the methodical application of HCI tosoftware engineering.

WG13.3 (HCI and Disability) aims to make HCI designers aware of the needs ofpeople with disabilities and encourage development of information systems and toolspermitting adaptation of interfaces to specific users.

WG13.4 (also WG2.7; User Interface Engineering) investigates the nature,concepts, and construction of user interfaces for software systems, using a frameworkfor reasoning about interactive systems and an engineering model for developing userinterfaces.

WG 13.5 (Resilience, Reliability, Safety, and Human Error in System Develop-ment) seeks a framework for studying human factors relating to systems failure,develops leading-edge techniques in hazard analysis and safety engineering ofcomputer-based systems, and guides international accreditation activities forsafety-critical systems.

WG13.6 (Human–Work Interaction Design) aims at establishing relationshipsbetween extensive empirical work-domain studies and HCI design. It will promote theuse of knowledge, concepts, methods, and techniques that enable user studies toprocure a better apprehension of the complex interplay between individual, social, andorganizational contexts and thereby a better understanding of how and why peoplework in the ways that they do.

WG13.7 (Human–Computer Interaction and Visualization) aims to establish astudy and research program that will combine both scientific work and practicalapplications in the fields of HCI and visualization. It will integrate several additionalaspects of further research areas, such as scientific visualization, data mining,information design, computer graphics, cognition sciences, perception theory, orpsychology, into this approach.

WG13.8 (Interaction Design and International Development) are currently workingto reformulate their aims and scope.

VIII IFIP TC13

WG13.9 (Interaction Design and Children) aims to support practitioners, regulators,and researchers to develop the study of interaction design and children acrossinternational contexts.

New Working Groups are formed as areas of significance to HCI arise. Furtherinformation is available on the IFIP TC13 website: http://ifip-tc13.org/

IFIP TC13 IX

IFIP TC13 Members

Officers

ChairJan Gulliksen, Sweden

Vice-chairPhilippe Palanque, France

Vice-Chair for WG and SIGSimone D.J. Barbosa, Brazil

TreasurerAnirudha Joshi, India

SecretaryMarco Winckler, France

WebmasterHelen Petrie, UK

Country Representatives

AustraliaHenry B.L. DuhAustralian Computer Society

AustriaGeraldine FitzpatrickAustrian Computer Society

BelgiumMonique Noirhomme-FraitureFédération des Associations

Informatiques de Belgique

BrazilRaquel Oliveira PratesBrazilian Computer Society (SBC)

BulgariaKamelia StefanovaBulgarian Academy of Sciences

CanadaHeather O’BrienCanadian Information Processing Society

ChileJaime SánchezChilean Society of Computer Science

CroatiaAndrina GranicCroatian Information Technology

Association (CITA)

CyprusPanayiotis ZaphirisCyprus Computer Society

Czech RepublicZdeněk MíkovecCzech Society for Cybernetics &

Informatics

DenmarkTorkil ClemmensenDanish Federation for Information

Processing

FinlandKari-Jouko RäihäFinnish Information Processing

Association

FrancePhilippe PalanqueSociété des Electriciens et des

Electroniciens (SEE)

GermanyTom GrossGesellschaft fur Informatik

HungaryCecilia Sik LanyiJohn V. Neumann Computer

Society

IcelandMarta Kristin LarusdottirThe Icelandic Society for Information

Processing (ISIP)

IndiaAnirudha JoshiComputer Society of India

IrelandLiam J. BannonIrish Computer Society

ItalyFabio PaternòItalian Computer Society

JapanYoshifumi KitamuraInformation Processing Society of Japan

KoreaGerry KimKIISE

MalaysiaChui Yin WongMalaysian National Computer

Confederation

The NetherlandsVanessa EversNederlands Genootschap voor

Informatica

New ZealandMark ApperleyNew Zealand Computer Society

NigeriaChris C. NwannennaNigeria Computer Society

NorwayDag SvanesNorwegian Computer Society

PolandMarcin SikorskiPoland Academy of Sciences

PortugalPedro CamposAssociação Portuguesa para o Desen-

volvimento da Sociedade da Infor-mação (APDSI)

SlovakiaVanda BenešováThe Slovak Society for Computer

Science

South AfricaJanet L. WessonThe Computer Society of South Africa

SpainJulio AbascalAsociación de Técnicos de Informática

(ATI)

SwedenJan GulliksenSwedish Computer Society

SwitzerlandSolange GhernaoutiSwiss Federation for InformationProcessing

TunisiaMona LaroussiEcole Supérieure des Communications

De Tunis (SUP’COM)

UKAndy DeardenBritish Computer Society (BCS)

USAGerrit van der VeerAssociation for Computing Machinery

(ACM)

IFIP TC13 Members XI

Expert Members

Nikos Avouris (Greece)Simone D.J. Barbosa (Brazil)Peter Forbrig (Germany)Joaquim Jorge (Portugal)Paula Kotzé (South Africa)Masaaki Kurosu (Japan)

Gitte Lindgaard (Australia)Zhengjie Liu (China)Fernando Loizides (Cyprus)Dan Orwa (Kenya)Frank Vetere (Australia)

Working Group Chairs

WG13.1 (Education in HCI and HCICurricula)

Konrad Baumann, Austria

WG13.2 (Methodologies forUser-Centered System Design)

Marco Winckler, France

WG13.3 (HCI and Disability)Helen Petrie, UK

WG13.4 (also 2.7) (User InterfaceEngineering)

Jürgen Ziegler, Germany

WG13.5 (Resilience, Reliability, Safetyand Human Error in SystemDevelopment)

Chris Johnson, UK

WG13.6 (Human–Work InteractionDesign)

Pedro Campos, Portugal

WG13.7 (HCI and Visualization)Achim Ebert, Germany

WG 13.8 (Interaction Design andInternational Development)

José Adbelnour Nocera, UK

WG 13.9 (Interaction Design andChildren)

Janet Read, UK

XII IFIP TC13 Members

Conference Organizing Committee

General Conference Co-chairsTom Gross, GermanyJulio Abascal, Spain

Full Papers ChairsSimone D.J. Barbosa, BrazilPhilippe Palanque, France

Short Papers Co-chairsFabio Paternò, ItalyKari-Jouko Räihä, Finland

Posters and Demos Co-chairsStephen Brewster, UKDavid McGookin, UK

Organization Overviews Co-chairsMelanie Fitzgerald, USAKori Inkpen, USA

Panels Co-chairsAnirudha N. Joshi, IndiaGitte Lindgaard, Australia

Open Space Co-chairsChristoph Beckmann, GermanyAchim Ebert, Germany

Tutorials Co-chairsChristoph Beckmann, GermanyRegina Bernhaupt, France

Workshops Co-chairsChristoph Beckmann, GermanyVíctor López-Jaquero, Spain

Doctoral Consortium Co-chairsGeraldine Fitzpatrick, AustriaPanayiotis Zaphiris, Cyprus

Proceedings ChairMarco Winckler, France

Madness Co-chairsArtur Lugmayr, FinlandBjörn Stockleben, GermanyTim Merritt, Denmark

Local Organization Co-chairsMirko Fetter, GermanyClaudia Tischler, Germany

Student Volunteers Co-chairsRobert Beaton, USASascha Herr, Germany

Program Committee

Meta-reviewers

Birgit Bomsdorf, GermanyGaëlle Calvary, FranceJosé Campos, PortugalPedro Campos, PortugalLuca Chittaro, Italy

Torkil Clemmensen, DenmarkPaul Curzon, UKAchim Ebert, GermanyPeter Forbrig, GermanyMichael Harrison, UK

Reviewers

José Abdelnour-Nocera, UKAl Mahmud Abdullah, AustraliaSilvia Abrahão, SpainFunmi Adebesin, South AfricaAna Paula Afonso, PortugalDavid Ahlström, AustriaPierre Akiki, LebanonDeepak Akkil, FinlandHannu Alen, FinlandJan Alexandersson, GermanyJosé Carlos Bacelar Almeida, PortugalFlorian Alt, GermanyJulian Alvarez, FranceJunia Coutinho Anacleto, BrazilLeonardo Angelini, SwitzerlandCraig Anslow, New ZealandMark Apperley, New ZealandNathalie Aquino, ParaguayLiliana Ardissono, ItalyCarmelo Ardito, ItalyOscar Javier Ariza Núñez, GermanyMyriam Arrue, SpainIlhan Aslan, AustriaSimon Attfield, UKNikolaos Avouris, GreeceChris Baber, UKMyroslav Bachynskyi, GermanyJonathan Back, UKGilles Bailly, FranceLiam Bannon, Ireland

Emilia Barakova, The NetherlandsJavier Barcenila, FranceLouise Barkhuus, USABarbara Rita Barricelli, ItalyValentina Bartalesi, ItalyMohammed Basheri, Saudi ArabiaChristoph Beckmann, GermanyYacine Bellik, FranceVanda Benešová, Slovak RepublicKawtar Benghazi, SpainDavid Benyon, UKFrançois Bérard, FranceRegina Bernhaupt, AustriaKarsten Berns, GermanyNadia Berthouze, UKRaymond Bertram, FinlandMark Billinghurst, New ZealandDorrit Billman, USASilvia Amelia Bim, BrazilFernando Birra, PortugalRenaud Blanch, FranceAnn Blandford, UKMads Boedker, DenmarkDavide Bolchini, USABirgit Bomsdorf, GermanyRodrigo Bonacin, BrazilPaolo Gaspare Bottoni, ItalyFatma Bouali, FranceChris Bowers, UKGiorgio Brajnik, Italy

XIV Conference Organizing Committee

Anirudha Joshi, IndiaDenis Lalanne, SwitzerlandEffie Law, UKCélia Martinie, FranceLaurence Nigay, FranceMonique Noirhomme, BelgiumFabio Paternò, ItalyHelen Petrie, UKAntonio Piccinno, ItalyAaron Quigley, UKKari-Jouko Räihä, FinlandVirpi Roto, Finland

Luciana Salgado Cardoso de Castro,Brazil

Paula Alexandra Silva, IrelandFrank Steinicke, GermanySimone Stumpf, UKAllistair Sutcliffe, UKJean Vanderdonckt, BelgiumGerhard Weber, GermanyAstrid Weiss, AustriaMarco Winckler, FrancePanayiotis Zaphiris, Cyprus

Anke Brock, FranceBarry Brown, SwedenJudith Brown, CanadaGerd Bruder, GermanyDuncan Brumby, UKNick Bryan-Kinns, UKStéphanie Buisine, FranceSabin-Corneliu Buraga, RomaniaParis Buttfield-Addison, AustraliaMaria Claudia Buzzi, ItalyMarina Buzzi, ItalyCristina Cachero, SpainSybille Caffiau, FrancePaul Cairns, UKRoberto Caldara, SwitzerlandGaëlle Calvary, FranceLicia Calvi, The NetherlandsJosé Campos, PortugalPedro Campos, PortugalKatia Canepa Vega, BrazilMaria-Dolores Cano, SpainMaria Beatriz Carmo, PortugalFrancesco Carrino, SwitzerlandStefano Carrino, SwitzerlandLuis Carriço, PortugalMarcus Carter, AustraliaDaniel Cernea, GermanyTeresa Chambel, PortugalStéphane Chatty, FranceMonchu Chen, PortugalYu Chen, SwitzerlandKelvin Cheng, SingaporeYoram Chisik, PortugalLuca Chittaro, ItalyElizabeth Churchill, USATorkil Clemmensen, DenmarkGilbert Cockton, UKKarin Coninx, BelgiumTayana Conte, BrazilStéphane Conversy, FranceJeremy Cooperstock, CanadaNuno Correia, PortugalJoëlle Coutaz, FranceCéline Coutrix, FranceNadine Couture, FranceChris Creed, UK

Martin Cronel, FranceJames Crowley, FranceJácome Cunha, PortugalPaul Curzon, UKMarie d’Udekem, BelgiumFlorian Daiber, GermanyGirish Dalvi, IndiaJosé Danado, UKAntonella De Angeli, ItalyAlexander De Luca, SwitzerlandMaria De Marsico, ItalyGiorgio De Michelis, ItalyLeonardo Cunha de Miranda, BrazilBoris De Ruyter, The NetherlandsClarisse de Souza, BrazilAlexandre Demeure, FranceGiuseppe Desolda, ItalyInes Di Loreto, FrancePaulo Dias, PortugalShalaka Dighe, IndiaChristian Dindler, DenmarkAnke Dittmar, GermanyPierre Dragicevic, FranceCarlos Duarte, PortugalCathy Dudek, CanadaHenry Been-Lirn Duh, AustraliaBruno Dumas, BelgiumSophie Dupuy-Chessa, FranceAchim Ebert, GermanyFlorian Echtler, GermanyRob Edlin-White, UKJan Engelen, BelgiumThomas Erickson, USAElina Eriksson, SwedenDominik Ertl, UKParisa Eslambolchilar, UKMarc Fabri, UKCarla Faria Leitão, BrazilAva Fatah gen Schieck, UKXavier Ferre, SpainEija Ferreira, FinlandMirko Fetter, GermanySebastian Feuerstack, GermanyVagner Figueredo de Santana, BrazilDaniela Fogli, ItalyJoan Fons, Spain

Conference Organizing Committee XV

Manuel Fonseca, PortugalPeter Forbrig, GermanyMarcus Foth, AustraliaAndre Freire, BrazilCarla D.S. Freitas, BrazilJonas Fritsch, DenmarkLuca Frosini, ItalyDominic Furniss, UKNestor Garay-Vitoria, SpainJérémie Garcia, FranceRoberto García, SpainJose Luis Garrido, SpainFranca Garzotto, ItalyIsabela Gasparini, BrazilMiguel Gea, SpainPatrick Gebhard, GermanyCristina Gena, ItalyGiuseppe Ghiani, ItalyPatrick Girard, FranceKentaro Go, JapanDaniel Gonçalves, PortugalRúben Gouveia, PortugalNicholas Graham, CanadaAndrina Granic, CroatiaToni Granollers, SpainSaul Greenberg, CanadaJohn Grundy, AustraliaNuno Guimaraes, PortugalJan Gulliksen, SwedenRebecca Gulotta, USAMieke Haesen, BelgiumHans Hagen, GermanyJonna Häkkilä, FinlandJukka Häkkinen, FinlandJaakko Hakulinen, FinlandLynne Hall, UKArnaud Hamon, FranceChris Harrison, USADaniel Harrison, UKMichael Harrison, UKRuediger Heimgaertner, GermanyTomi Heimonen, FinlandMatthias Heintz, UKIngi Helgason, UKSusan Catherine Herring, USAWilko Heuten, Germany

Martin Hitz, AustriaThuong Hoang, AustraliaRüdiger Hoffmann, GermanyJennifer Horkoff, UKHeiko Hornung, BrazilKo-Hsun Huang, Taiwan,

Republic of ChinaAlina Huldtgren, The NetherlandsEbba Thora Hvannberg, IcelandAulikki Hyrskykari, FinlandIoanna Iacovides, UKNetta Iivari, FinlandMirja Ilves, FinlandYavuz İnal, TurkeyPoika Isokoski, FinlandMinna Isomursu, FinlandHowell Istance, FinlandIdo A. Iurgel, GermanyMikkel R. Jakobsen, DenmarkFrancis Jambon, FranceJacek Jankowski, PolandMaddy Janse, The NetherlandsNuno Jardim Nunes, PortugalCaroline Jay, UKKasper Løvborg Jensen, DenmarkMikael Johnson, FinlandMatt Jones, UKJoaquim Jorge, PortugalRui Jose, PortugalAnirudha Joshi, IndiaChristophe Jouffrais, FranceAnne Joutsenvirta, FinlandMarko Jurmu, FinlandEija Kaasinen, FinlandJari Kangas, FinlandAnne Marie Kanstrup, DenmarkVictor Kaptelinin, SwedenEvangelos Karapanos, PortugalKristiina Karvonen, FinlandDinesh Katre, IndiaManolya Kavakli, AustraliaPatrick Gage Kelley, USARyan Kelly, UKRabia Khan, UKHideki Koike, JapanChristophe Kolski, France

XVI Conference Organizing Committee

Hannu Korhonen, FinlandNataliya Kosmyna, FrancePaula Kotze, South AfricaChristian Kray, GermanyPer Ola Kristensson, UKSari Kujala, FinlandTodd Kulesza, USADenis Lalanne, SwitzerlandDavid Lamas, EstoniaMichael Lankes, AustriaRosa Lanzilotti, ItalyPrzemyslaw Lasota, USAYann Laurillau, FranceEffie Law, UKShaimaa Lazem, UKXavier Le Pallec, FranceEric Lecolinet, FranceJong-Seok Lee, South KoreaAsko Lehmuskallio, FinlandAntti Leino, FinlandJuha Leino, FinlandTuomas Leisti, FinlandJair Leite, BrazilAlexander Lenz, UKBarbara Leporini, ItalySophie Lepreux, FranceKaren Y. Li, UKEdirlei Lima, BrazilJames Lin, USAMats Lind, SwedenAgnes Lisowska Masson, SwitzerlandZhengjie Liu, ChinaSara Ljungblad, SwedenCorrado lo Storto, ItalySteffen Lohmann, GermanyFernando Loizides, CyprusVíctor López-Jaquero, SpainFabien Lotte, FranceMaria Dolores Lozano, SpainYichen Lu, FinlandPaul Lubos, GermanyStephanie Ludi, USABernd Ludwig, GermanyAndreas Luedtke, GermanyChristopher Lueg, AustraliaJo Lumsden, UKChristof Lutteroth, New Zealand

Kris Luyten, BelgiumAnderson Maciel, BrazilI. Scott MacKenzie, CanadaAllan MacLean, UKChristian Maertin, GermanyCharlotte Magnusson, SwedenAna Gabriela Maguitman, ArgentinaPäivi Majaranta, FinlandMarco Manca, ItalyNicolai Marquardt, UKCélia Martinie, FrancePaolo Masci, UKMasood Masoodian, New ZealandMaristella Matera, ItalyDenys J.C. Matthies, GermanyPeter W. McOwan, UKGerrit Meixner, GermanyGuy Melançon, FranceAmaia Mendez Zorrilla, SpainMaria Menendez Blanco, ItalyZdenek Mikovec, Czech RepublicJan-Torsten Milde, GermanyNicole Mirnig, AustriaGiulio Mori, ItalyRoxana Morosanu, UKChristiane Moser, AustriaMarcelle Mota, BrazilOmar Mubin, AustraliaChrystie Myketiak, UKMiguel Nacenta, UKLennart Nacke, CanadaMathieu Nancel, CanadaBonnie Nardi, USADavid Navarre, FranceAther Nawaz, NorwayLuciana Nedel, BrazilAlexandra Nemery, FranceVania Neris, BrazilDaniel Nesbitt, UKLene Nielsen, DenmarkAnton Nijholt, The NetherlandsLaurence Nigay, FranceManuel Noguera, SpainMonique Noirhomme, BelgiumJulianne Nyhan, UKClemens Nylandsted Klokmose,

Denmark

Conference Organizing Committee XVII

Michael O Grady, IrelandAisling Ann O’Kane, UKMarianna Obrist, UKLars Oestreicher, SwedenJarno Ojala, FinlandPatrick Oladimeji, UKKathia Oliveira, FranceThomas Olsson, FinlandDan Orwa, KenyaNuno Otero, SwedenBenoit Otjacques, LuxembourgSaila Ovaska, FinlandJanne Paavilainen, FinlandXinru Page, USAAna Paiva, PortugalJose Ignacio Panach Navarrete, SpainEleftherios Papachristos, GreeceKonstantinos Papoutsakis, GreeceAvi Parush, IsraelOscar Pastor, SpainFabio Paternò, ItalyCeleste Lyn Paul, USAAndriy Pavlovych, CanadaRoberto Pereira, UKVinícius Carvalho Pereira, BrazilMark J. Perry, UKHele Petrie, UKAntoinio Piccinno, ItalyLara Piccolo, UKEmmanuel Pietriga, FranceThomas Pietrzak, FranceFrank Pollick, UKRavi Poovaiah, IndiaRoman Popp, AustriaChristopher Power, UKRaquel Prates, USACostin Pribeanu, RomaniaAngel Puerta, USAKai Puolamäki, FinlandVictor M.R. Penichet, SpainAaron Quigley, UKKari-Jouko Räihä, FinlandRoope Raisamo, FinlandVenkatesh Rajamanickam, IndiaNitendra Rajput, IndiaIsmo Rakkolainen, FinlandJussi Rantala, Finland

Alberto Raposo, BrazilDimitrios Raptis, DenmarkUmar Rashid, UKKirsten Rassmus-Gröhn, SwedenMatthias Rauterberg, The NetherlandsJanet Read, UKMandryk Regan Lee, CanadaPatrick Reignier, FranceChristian Remy, SwitzerlandKaren Renaud, UKYann Riche, USAFabien Ringeval, GermanyThomas Rist, GermanyPaola Rodriguez, ColombiaMarkus Rohde, GermanyTeresa Romão, PortugalJose Rouillard, FranceVirpi Roto, FinlandThijs Roumen, GermanyGustavo Alberto Rovelo Ruiz, BelgiumElisa Rubegni, SwitzerlandSimon Ruffieux, SwitzerlandJaime Ruiz, USAAngel Ruiz-Zafra, SpainRimvydas Ruksenas, UKHoracio Saggion, SpainPascal Salembier, FranceLuciana Salgado Cardoso de Castro,

BrazilAntti Salovaara, FinlandLeonardo Sandoval, UKCarmen Santoro, ItalyCorina Sas, UKAndreas Savva, UKTaufique Sayeed, AustriaGianluca Schiavo, ItalyAntonio Giovanni Schiavone, ItalyAlbrecht Schmidt, GermanyStefan Schneegass, GermanyKevin Schneider, CanadaVinicius Segura, BrazilMarcos Serrano, FranceEhud Sharlin, CanadaSumita Sharma, FinlandMoushumi Sharmin, USAAbhishek Shrivastava, IndiaBeat Signer, Belgium

XVIII Conference Organizing Committee

Harri Siirtola, FinlandPaula A. Silva, IrelandBruno S. Silva, BrazilCarlos CL Silva, PortugalJoão Carlos Silva, PortugalJose Luis Silva, PortugalPaula Alexandra Silva, IrelandMilene Silveira, BrazilCarla Simone, ItalyShamus Smith, AustraliaAndreas Sonderegger, SwitzerlandKeyur Sorathia, IndiaFabio Sorrentino, ItalyHamit Soyel, UKOleg Spakov, FinlandLucio Davide Spano, ItalyMark Vincent Springett, UKJan Stage, DenmarkChristian Stary, AustriaKatarzyna Stawarz, UKFrank Steinicke, GermanyGerald Stollnberger, AustriaMarkus Stolze, SwitzerlandSimone Stumpf, UKNoi Sukaviriya, USAAllistar Sutcliffe, UKDavid Mark Swallow, UKTapio Takala, FinlandChee-wee Tan, DenmarkFranck Tarpin-Bernard, FranceCarlos Teixeira, PortugalLuis Teixeira, PortugalDaniel Tetteroo, The NetherlandsJakob Tholander, SwedenNigel Thomas, UKLiisa Tiittula, FinlandNava Tintarev, UKMartin Tomitsch, AustraliaIlaria Torre, ItalyMarilyn Tremaine, USADaniela Trevisan, BrazilSanjay Tripathi, IndiaJanice Tsai, USAManfred Tscheligi, AustriaHuawei Tu, UKOuti Tuisku, FinlandPhil Turner, UK

Susan Ellen Turner, UKMarkku Turunen, FinlandBlase Ur, USAHeli Väätäjä, FinlandStefano Valtolina, ItalyJudy van Biljon, South AfricaJos P. van Leeuwen, The NetherlandsPaul van Schaik, UKJeroen Vanattenhoven, BelgiumJean Vanderdonckt, BelgiumJari Varsaluoma, FinlandRadu-Daniel Vatavu, RomaniaAngel Velazquez-Iturbide, SpainHanna Venesvirta, FinlandJayant Venkatanathan, IndiaGilles Venturini, FranceArnold Vermeeren, The NetherlandsKarel Vermeulen, UKFrédéric Vernier, FranceMarkel Vigo, UKNadine Vigouroux, FranceChris Vincent, UKGiuliana Vitiello, ItalyArnd Vitzthum, GermanyDhaval Vyas, AustraliaMike Wald, UKJim Wallace, CanadaTanja Carita Walsh, FinlandRobert Walter, GermanyLeon Watts, UKGerhard Weber, GermanyRina Wehbe, CanadaAstrid Weiss, AustriaJanet Louise Wesson, South AfricaGraham Wilson, UKStephanie Wilson, UKMarco Winckler, FranceTheophilus Winschiers, NamibiaChui Yin Wong, MalaysiaWolfgang Wörndl, GermanyVolker Wulf, GermanyYeliz Yesilada, TurkeySalu Ylirisku, FinlandNur Haryani Zakaria, MalaysiaMassimo Zancanaro, ItalyPanayiotis Zaphiris, CyprusJürgen Ziegler, Germany

Conference Organizing Committee XIX

Sponsors and Supporters

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Contents – Part II

Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing

EmbodiNet: Enriching Distributed Musical Collaboration ThroughEmbodied Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Dalia El-Shimy and Jeremy R. Cooperstock

Preference Elicitation and Negotiation in a Group Recommender System . . . . 20Jesús Omar Álvarez Márquez and Jürgen Ziegler

The #selfiestation: Design and Use of a Kiosk for Taking Selfiesin the Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Casey Dugan, Sven Laumer, Thomas Erickson, Wendy Kellogg,and Werner Geyer

The LuminUs: Providing Musicians with Visual Feedback on the Gazeand Body Motion of Their Co-performers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Evan Morgan, Hatice Gunes, and Nick Bryan-Kinns

An Artifact Ecology in a Nutshell: A Distributed Cognition Perspectivefor Collaboration and Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Christina Vasiliou, Andri Ioannou, and Panayiotis Zaphiris

Assessing a Collaborative Application for Comic Strips Composition . . . . . . 73Eleonora Mencarini, Gianluca Schiavo, Alessandro Cappelletti,Oliviero Stock, and Massimo Zancanaro

Augmenting Collaborative MOOC Video Viewing with SynchronizedTextbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Nan Li, Łukasz Kidziński, and Pierre Dillenbourg

EXCITE: EXploring Collaborative Interaction in Tracked Environments . . . . 89Nicolai Marquardt, Frederico Schardong, and Anthony Tang

The Usefulness of Method-Resources for Evaluating a CollaborativeTraining Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Ebba Thora Hvannberg, Gyda Halldorsdottir, and Jan Rudinsky

End-User Development

Flat Design vs Traditional Design: Comparative Experimental Study . . . . . . . 106Ivan Burmistrov, Tatiana Zlokazova, Anna Izmalkova,and Anna Leonova

How to Organize the Annotation Systems in Human-ComputerEnvironment: Study, Classification and Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Anis Kalboussi, Nizar Omheni, Omar Mazhoud,and Ahmed Hadj Kacem

Mini-Orb: A Personal Indoor Climate Preference Feedback Interface . . . . . . . 134Markus Rittenbruch, Jared Donovan, and Yasuhiro Santo

Prototyping the Self-Authored Video Interview: Challengesand Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Stephen Snow, Markus Rittenbruch, and Margot Brereton

Evaluation Methods/Usability Evaluation

An Empirical Study of the Effects of Three Think-Aloud Protocolson Identification of Usability Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Anders Bruun and Jan Stage

An Observational Study of How Experienced Programmers AnnotateProgram Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Craig J. Sutherland, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, and Beryl Plimmer

Around-Device Interactions: A Usability Study of Frame Markersin Acquisition Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Fernando Garcia-Sanjuan, Alejandro Catala, Geraldine Fitzpatrick,and Javier Jaen

On Applying Experience Sampling Method to A/B Testing of MobileApplications: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Myunghee Lee and Gerard J. Kim

Usability Aspects of the Inside-in Approach for Ancillary Search Taskson the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Marco Winckler, Ricardo Cava, Eric Barboni, Philippe Palanque,and Carla Freitas

Using Affinity Diagrams to Evaluate Interactive Prototypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Andrés Lucero

What Users Prefer and Why: A User Study on Effective Presentation Stylesof Opinion Summarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Xiaojun Yuan, Ning Sa, Grace Begany, and Huahai Yang

A Comparison of Five HSV Color Selection Interfaces for Mobile PaintingSearch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Min Zhang, Guoping Qiu, Natasha Alechina, and Sarah Atkinson

XXII Contents – Part II

Computer-Related Attribution Styles: Typology and Data CollectionMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Adelka Niels and Monique Janneck

Reciprocity in Rapid Ethnography: Giving Back by Making the SmallThings Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Pieter Duysburgh and Karin Slegers

Testing the Unknown – Value of Usability Testing for ComplexProfessional Systems Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Kimmo Tarkkanen, Ville Harkke, and Pekka Reijonen

Eye Tracking

An Empirical Investigation of Gaze Selection in Mid-Air Gestural 3DManipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Eduardo Velloso, Jayson Turner, Jason Alexander, Andreas Bulling,and Hans Gellersen

Four Eyes See More Than Two: Shared Gaze in the Car . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Sandra Trösterer, Magdalena Gärtner, Martin Wuchse,Bernhard Maurer, Axel Baumgartner, Alexander Meschtscherjakov,and Manfred Tscheligi

Gaze+touch vs. Touch: What’s the Trade-off When Using Gaze to ExtendTouch to Remote Displays? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Ken Pfeuffer, Jason Alexander, and Hans Gellersen

Gesture Interaction

Gestu-Wan - An Intelligible Mid-Air Gesture Guidance Systemfor Walk-up-and-Use Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Gustavo Rovelo, Donald Degraen, Davy Vanacken, Kris Luyten,and Karin Coninx

Natural Interaction with Video Environments Using Gestures and a MirrorImage Avatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Christian Kray, Dennis Wilhelm, Thore Fechner, and Morin Ostkmap

Sci-Fi Gestures Catalog: Understanding the Future of Gestural Interaction . . . 395Lucas S. Figueiredo, Mariana Pinheiro, Edvar Vilar Neto,Thiago Chaves, and Veronica Teichrieb

TV Interaction Beyond the Button Press: Exploring the Implicationsof Gesture, Pressure and Breath as Interaction Mechanisms for a TV UserInterface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Regina Bernhaupt, Antoine Desnos, Michael Pirker,and Daniel Schwaiger

Contents – Part II XXIII

HCI and Security

“I Agree”: The Effects of Embedding Terms of Service Key Points inOnline User Registration Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Matjaž Kljun, Jernej Vičič, Klen Čopič Pucihar, and Branko Kavšek

Automatic Privacy Classification of Personal Photos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428Daniel Buschek, Moritz Bader, Emanuel von Zezschwitz,and Alexander De Luca

CipherCard: A Token-Based Approach Against Camera-Based ShoulderSurfing Attacks on Common Touchscreen Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Teddy Seyed, Xing-Dong Yang, Anthony Tang, Saul Greenberg,Jiawei Gu, Bin Zhu, and Xiang Cao

Digital Signage Effectiveness in Retail Stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455Mari Ervasti, Juha Häikiö, Minna Isomursu, Pekka Isomursu,and Tiina Liuska

Toward a Deeper Understanding of Data Analysis, Sensemaking,and Signature Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Sheriff Jolaoso, Russ Burtner, and Alex Endert

HCI for Developing Regions and Social Development

HCI Practices in the Nigerian Software Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479Abiodun Ogunyemi, David Lamas, Emmanuel Rotimi Adagunodo,and Isaias Barreto da Rosa

Penan’s Oroo’ Short Message Signs (PO-SMS): Co-design of a DigitalJungle Sign Language Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Tariq Zaman and Heike Winschiers-Theophilus

The Whodunit Challenge: Mobilizing the Crowd in India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505Aditya Vashistha, Rajan Vaish, Edward Cutrell, and William Thies

Wayfinding Behavior in India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522Naveed Ahmed

HCI for Education

Evaluating Digital Tabletop Collaborative Writing in the Classroom . . . . . . . 531Philip Heslop, Anne Preston, Ahmed Kharrufa, Madeline Balaam,David Leat, and Patrick Olivier

XXIV Contents – Part II

Evaluating the Accuracy of Pre-kindergarten Children Multi-touchInteraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Vicente Nacher and Javier Jaen

The 5-Step Plan: Empowered Children’s Robotic Product Ideas . . . . . . . . . . 557Lara Lammer, Astrid Weiss, and Markus Vincze

Using IMUs to Identify Supervisors on Touch Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565Ahmed Kharrufa, James Nicholson, Paul Dunphy, Steve Hodges,Pam Briggs, and Patrick Olivier

Design and Usability Evaluation of Adaptive e-learning Systems Basedon Learner Knowledge and Learning Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584

Mohammad Alshammari, Rachid Anane, and Robert J. Hendley

How Does HCI Research Affect Education Programs?A Study in the Brazilian Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592

Isabela Gasparini, Simone Diniz Junqueira Barbosa,Milene Selbach Silveira, Sílvia Amélia Bim, and Clodis Boscarioli

MindMiner: A Mixed-Initiative Interface for Interactive Distance MetricLearning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

Xiangmin Fan, Youming Liu, Nan Cao, Jason Hong, and Jingtao Wang

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629

Contents – Part II XXV