LECTURE NOTES

LECTURE NOTESCOMPUTER SCIENCE

SC025

FUNDAMENTAL OF MULTIMEDIAMAIN MENU1. DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA2. MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS3. MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY4. MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE5. MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION

DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIALEARNING OUTCOMEAt the end of this topic, students shouldbe able to:

1. Define MultimediaDEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIAAny combination of _____, graphics, animation, ______ and video delivered to you by computer or other electronic or digitally manipulated means.An interactive communication process or presentation of information by using a combination of text, audio, graphics, video and/or animation.

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSLEARNING OUTCOMESAt the end of this topic, students shouldbe able to:

1. Describe the elements of MultimediaMULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSThe five(5) elements of multimediaGraphicsVideoAnimationStatic elementsDynamic elementsMULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSTextText

combination of alphabets, numbers and symbol

basic element of multimedia

involves the use of text types, sizes, colors and background color

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSTextInput Devices for Text

, etc.Hypertext

link through the use of text in a multimedia application

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSTextEffective multimedia program should consider:

1. The position of the text on the screen

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS

2. Length of the messageTextEffective multimedia program should consider:MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS

3. Legibility of the textTextEffective multimedia program should consider:MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSStandard File Format

Example:MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSGraphicsdigital representation of imagesmake the multimedia application attractive help to illustrate ideas through still picturestwo types of graphics: - Bitmap (paint graphics) - Vector (draw graphics)

Input Devices for Graphics- digital camera, scanner

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSGraphicsBitmap Images

real images that can be captured from devices such as cameras or scannersmade up of pixels in a grid

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSGraphicsBitmap Images

common bitmap formats include:BMPGIFJPEG/JPGPNGPICT (Macintosh)PCXTIFFeasily convertedrestricted to rectangleminimal support for transparency

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSGraphicsVector Graphics

draw on the computer and only required a small amount of memory

common vector formats include:AI (Adobe Illustrator)CDR (CorelDRAW)CMX (Corel Exchange)CGM Computer Graphics MetafileDXF AutoCADWMF Windows Metafile

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSGraphicsVector Graphics

scalableresolution independentno backgroundcartoon-likeinappropriate for photo-realistic images

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSStandard File FormatExample:

.MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSVideoVideo

is a product of recording moving images by using a camera or video machineprovides a powerful impact in a multimediaprogram

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSVideoWhy Digital Video?

Advantages

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSVideoWhy Digital Video?

Disadvantages

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSStandard File FormatExample:

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSAudioAudio / Sound

use of speech, music and sound effectstwo basic types of audio or sound: analog and digital audioexample of hardware used to enter audio is a microphone

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSAudioAnalog Audio

the original sound signalcan record analog audio filespecial audio editors like Audacity can be used to convert analog audio files into digital audio files

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSAudioDigital Audio

the digital sampling of the actual sound used in multimedia

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSStandard File Format

Example:MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSAnimation

Animation

a process of making a static image look like it is movingAnimation in multimedia is called Digital Animation. There are two (2) categories: 2D (2 Dimension) and 3D (3 Dimension) animation

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSAnimation2D (2 Dimension)

creating movements in basic objects

these objects are put into various situations orpositions and have movement on the screen.

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSAnimation3D (3 Dimension)

creating movements to three dimensional (3D) digital objects from photographs

examples of animations: spinning movementand flying across the screen

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTSStandard File FormatExample:

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITYLEARNING OUTCOMESAt the end of this topic, students shouldbe able to:

1. describe the modes of interactivityDefinition of Multimedia InteractivityInteractivity

user can use input devices such as a keyboard, joystick, mouse and touch screen to interact with the multimedia application or programtwo major categories: - linear - non-linear

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITYLinear Interactivitydoes not allow the user to have control of the sequence and progress of the multimedia contentsuser is a passive receiver of the multimedia content most of the timecontent is usually arranged in sequence. Example: moviealthough a movie uses a combination of audio, graphics and animations, the user has no control over the sequence of events

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Linear InteractivityExample of Linear InteractivityMODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITYNon-Linear InteractivityAllow user to control the sequence and progress of the multimedia contentuser is a active receiver of the multimedia content most of the timeContent not arrange in sequences: eg; websitesuser can control the progress and sequence of the multimedia content by using buttons or links

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITYNon-Linear InteractivityExample:

uses tools like hypertext to connect a word or a phrase to another screen

an electronic book with links to another screen is considered as having non-linear multimedia content

Hypermedia is similar to Hypertext; it connects to different media elements such as audio and videoMODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITYNon-Linear Interactivity

Hypertext

HypermediaElectronic BookMODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY5.4) MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE5.4MULTIMEDIASOFTWARE5.4.1) Authoring Tools5.4.2) Supportsoftware5.4) MULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREAt the end of this topic, students shouldbe able to:

1. differentiate between multimedia authoring tools based on the metaphor

LEARNING OUTCOMES5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREprogram that helps in writing multimedia applications

enable to create a final application by linking together objects such as a paragraph of text graphic or a video

5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREMetaphor

5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREMetaphor:

Refer to:

Note: A functional metaphor will assist in enhancing communication between the learner/user with the content being presented5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREMetaphor:

All multimedia authoring tools are based on a metaphor.The metaphor is based on three main characteristics:- the way program sequences events that happen- the way the application is delivered- the way program organizes the different elements5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE

5.4.1) Authoring ToolsThree basic categories of authoring tools based on metaphor:1) Time-Based2)3) Icon-Based

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARETime Based

The multimedia elements or events are presented and organized along a time linea time line consists of layers which span several framesThis type of tool helps youcoordinate when each multimedia element (text, graphics, audio, video, or animation) plays,the speed at which it plays,and the length of time it remains on the screen.

Flash, Director and Ktoon (support multi platform) are examples of time-based development environment

5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREExample (Time Based):

A simple presentation could contain three layers;layer one could contain a picture of a blue skylayer two could contain a picture of a mountainlayer three a picture of a mountain climber5.4.1) Authoring Tools

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREIcon Based

provides the multimedia developer with a visual programming approach to sequencing events in the multimedia application

5.4.1) Authoring Tools

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREIcon Based

elements and events are organized in a structural framework

5.4.1) Authoring Tools

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREIcon Based

users can present visually a logical flow of events by dragging icons from an icon menu and use drag and drop to pick up and place

icons on the presentation page

5.4.1) Authoring Tools

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREIcon Based

Represent graphics, audio files, animation, text, movies, and other elements should be played in a logical flow or flow chart

A presentation is built by inserting one object after another

A simple application could contain just three icons: picture, sound and text icon

Authorware and iconAuthor (support multi platform) is example of development environment

5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREExample (Icon Based):

5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREbased on the idea of page / card stacks containing graphics, audio, video, text and animation

elements and events are organized as pages in a book or a stack of cards

by inserting objects into several pages, a multimedia book is eventually created

5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREdeveloper can create transitions between pages and on the objects themselves

examples: ToolBook (use Windows platform), HyperCard and SuperCard (use Macintosh platform) and Impress (open source software).

5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREExample (Page/Card Based):

5.4.1) Authoring ToolsMULTIMEDIA SOFTWAREAt the end of this topic, students shouldbe able to:

1. explain different types of support softwareSupport SoftwareLEARNING OUTCOMESMULTIMEDIA SOFTWARESupport Softwaresoftware that can be used to produce multimedia elements

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARESupport Softwaretext editor is used to edit plain text

Examples of Editing Software:

OpenOffice.org Writer;*.odt Microsoft Word;*.doc, *.docxWordpad*.rtfNotepad*.txt

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARESupport Softwaregraphic editor can edit images, draw or illustrate pictures or objects

Examples of Editing Software:

GIMP;*.xcfAdobe Photoshop;*.psdCorel Draw*.cdrMicrosoft Paint*.bmp

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARESupport Softwareanimation editors are used for producing 2D, 3D, special effects and animation for the Web

Examples of Editing Software:

3D Blender;*.blend Adobe Flash;*.swf3D Studio Max;*.max LightWave*.dvs

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARESupport Softwareaudio editor is used for voice recording or producing music and special sound effects

Examples of Editing Software:

Audacity;*.aupSound Forge;*.wavWavePad;*.dvs

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARESupport Softwarevideo editor is used to edit video

Examples of Editing Software:

PiTiVi;*.xptvOpenShot;*.ospAdobe Premier;*.ptlFinal Cut Pro;*.fcp

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTIONMEDIUMOF DISTRIBUTIONDVD-ROMBD-ROMCD-ROMFLASHDRIVEBROADBAND INTERNETMEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTIONAt the end of this topic, students shouldbe able to:

1. differentiate medium of distributionLEARNING OUTCOMESMEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTIONCD-ROM DiscCD-ROM Discacronym for compact disc-read-only memoryuse laser technology to store itemsusers can read the contents but cannot erase or modify it contentstypical CD holds 650 MB to 1 GB of data, instructions andinformation

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTIONDVD-ROM DiscDVD-ROM Discacronym for digital versatile disc-read-only memory or digitalvideo disc-read-only memoryhigh capacity optical disk that user can read but not to write on or erasecapable of storing 4.7 GB to 17 GB of data, depending on the storage techniques used

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTIONBD-ROM DiscBD-ROM Discacronym for blu-ray disc-read-only memorya newer, more expensive DVD format with highercapacity and better quality than standard DVDshas storage capacities 0f 100 GB, with expectations ofexceeding 200 GB in the future

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTIONFlash driveFlash Drivealso known as Thumb Drivea flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port oncomputer or mobile deviceconvenient for mobile usersdata transfer: 12MBpsstorage capacity: 512 MB to 100 GB

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTIONThe Broadband Internet Broadband Internetrefers to a telecommunications signal of greater bandwidth, in some sense, than another standard or usual signal (the broader the band, the greater the capacity for traffic)Storage capacity: Infinite (limited only by the storage or the number of server)Service Provider : cable modem, DSL, Fixed fireless, WiFi, fiber, radio signal and satelliteBroadband Provider: Maxis, Celcom, Digi, WiMax

SUMMARY1. DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA2. MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS3. MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY4. MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE5. MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION