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Gas Lift

COMPRESSION STATION

GAS LIFTED

WELL EXPORT LINEGAS/OIL

BORE

SEPARATORPROCESS

WEL

L

NEAR WELLBORESURFACE FACILITIES

Slide 2Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

Gas lift System

Low Pressure gas Liftgas

Produced Fluids + Lif t Gas

High Pressure Gas

up the well,

lightening

the fluid

GasliftCompressor

eparator

Liquid

the well

Lift gas

injected at

mandrel

Pwf

Slide 3Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

Tubing, Casing, Packer,

High

Pressure Lift

Gas

Produced Fluids + Lift Gas

UnloadinMandrels and Gas Lift

valves

Tubing

valves

(Closed

after

Unloadin

inside the mandrels andthe mandrels is part of the

tubin

Casing/Tubin

g AnnulusOperating

Valve

(Always

Upper valves are for

unloading

Packer

open)

Bottom valve is foroperationPerforationsReservoir

Slide 4Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

5 1/2 MMRG-4, 1 1/2 POCKET

ROUND MANDREL DESIGN CAMCO

OrientingSleeve

ToolDiscriminator

G LatchLug

PolishedSeal Bore

ENGINEERING DATA

PART NUMBER 05712-000-00001

SIZE 5 1/2. . .

MIN I.D. 4.756

DRIFT I.D. 4.653THREAD 17 LB/FT MANN BDS B x P

TEST PRESSURE INTERNAL 7740 PSI

LATCH TYPE RK, RK-1, RKP, RK-SPKICKOVER TOOL OM-1, OM-1M, OM-1SRUNNING TOOL RK-1 15079PULLING TOOL 1 5/8 JDS 15155

MATERIAL 410 S.S., 13 CR 22 HRC MAX

Slide 5Section 2 - Hardware

TENSILE STRENGTH (EOEC) 490,000 LBS

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Gas Lift

CAMCO

Slide 6Section 2 - Hardware

..

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Gas Lift

Gas lift Valve Features

Bellows protection

Max dome char e

Check valve Stem travel

Elastomers

Max fluid rate

Slide 7Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

IPO G/L Valve Com onents

Check valve to hold

Dome area which

holds nitrogen

Valve bellows. Grows

in length with

pressure charge

.

Valve stem with ball

tip

Check valve. Seats

Valve choke

w en u ve oc y s

in upward direction.

Slide 8Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

Gaslift Valve Installation

A as lift valve is run and

pulled with a special

kickover pulling tool

Slide 9Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

T e of Gas Lift Valves

3 basic types of gas li ft valves, each available in 1 & 1-1/2

sizes:

Dummy Orifice Unloadingva ves va ves va ves

(DKO-2) Venturi (nova)

operated valve (BK-1) production pressure

(BKR-5, RF-1)

Throttling/proportional-

Combination valve

Slide 10Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

IPO Valve

Advantages

Flexible to uncertainty of well data

Re-opening of unloading valves can be avoided

Requires higher injection pressure

Field personnel need to intervene once the well isunloaded and flowing to reduce injection pressure to

close the unloading valves

, , .need to readjust injection gas

Slide 11Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

PPO Valve

e common y use ype o gas va ve n uacompletion wells is Production Pressure Operated

Gaslift Valve (PPO) vantage

Utilizes full injection pressure at operating valve depth

Deeper injection depth

Little attention by field personnel Disadvantage

More mandrels/Valves needed than ressure o erateddesign

Needs accurate well data.

Increase in Water Cut/FTHP can cause the shallowervalves to re-open

Slide 12Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

Pb

Dome

ChevronPacking

Normally required during

unloading phase only

Bellows

Stack pen on y w en u ng anannulus pressures are high

Pc

Stem Tip (Ball)

Square EdgedSeat

setting pressure

Valve closes after transfer toPt

ChevronPackingStack

next station

May be spring or nitrogenCheck Valve

Production Pressure

operated gas lift valve

charged

Slide 13Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

If Pupstream > Pset, valve opens and maintains Upsteram Pressure = Pset

Diaphragm/Atmospheric Bellows

Spring

Stem

Stem Tip

DownstreamUpstream

Pressure Regulator

Slide 14Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

Diaphragm/Atmospheric Bellows

Spring

Stem

Stem Tip

Upstream

/Casing

DownstreamUpstream

Pressure Regulator

S rin O erated Gas Lift Valve

Downstream / Tubing

Slide 15Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

Large sub-critical flow regime

Gas passage dependentThe Square-edged120120140140

160160

180180

(MCF/d)

e(MCF/d)

on downstream pressure

until 40 - 50% pressure

lost

orifice performance

curve

2020

4040

6060

8080

100100

Flow

Rat

Flow

Rat

Poor pressure recovery= large pressure drop &

0000 100100 200200 300300 400400 500500 600600

Tubing PressureTubing PressureTubing Pressure

large energy loss

Slide 17Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

Plot of Gas Rate Versus Pressure

SUB-CRITICALORIFICE FLOWSC

F/D)

RATE(M

NJECTION

GASI

PTUBING = 55%

Slide 18Section 2 - Hardware

CASING

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Gas Lift

Nova Valve

Venturi Valve (orif ice type)

always open - allows gas passage whenever correctdifferential exists

Achieved critical flow with Delta P of 100 psi

Gas injection controlled by size and differential across

replaceable choke Check valve prevents reverse flow of well fluids from the

production conduit

Slide 19Section 2 - Hardware

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Gas Lift

O eratin Princi les of the Venturi THE VENTURI DESIGN ALLOWS THE FOLLOWING :

BETTER PRESSURE & ENERGY RECOVERY

DRASTICALLY REDUCED SUB-CRITICAL FLOW REGIME

CRITICAL VELOCITY (VELOCITY OF PRESSURE TRANSMISSION/SONIC

VELOCITY) ATTAINED WITHIN 10% PRESSURE DROP

Nozzle-Venturi Gas Lift Valve ProjectNozzle-Venturi Gas Lift Valve ProjectNozzle-Venturi Gas Lift Valve Project

REDUCES INFLUENCE OF DOWNSTREAM PRESSURE ON GAS PASSAGE =REDUCED RISK TO PROPAGATING INSTABILITY

Pressure vs. F ow Rate SummaryPressure vs. F ow Rate Summaryressure vs. ow ae ummary

300030003000

350035003500

400040004000

1400 psi Upstream1400 psi Upstream

/d)/d)

150015001500

200020002000

250025002500

Conventional Orifice ValveConventional Orifice Valve

Improved Orifice ValveImproved Orifice Valve

w

Rate

(Mcf

w

Rate

(Mc

900 psi Upstream900 psi Upstream

000

500500500

100010001000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 120 1400

400 psi Upstream400 psi UpstreamFlFl

Slide 20Section 2 - Hardware

Downstream Pressure (psi)Downstream Pressure (psi)Data shown is from actual flow testsData shown is from actual flow tests

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Gas Lift

Nova Versus S uare Ed e Orifice

/D)

SUB-CRITICAL

FLOW

CRITICAL FLOW

E(

MMSC

CRITICAL FLOW

TIONRA

ASINJ

E

PRESSURE (PSI) PCASING

PTUBING = 90%PTUBING = 55%

Slide 21Section 2 - Hardware