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8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 1/17
REMINDER:
PLEASE TURN OFF YOUR PHONES
8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion
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PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTION:
EMOTION
E XPRESSION
Wesley G. Moons, Ph.D.
University of California, Davis
Department of Psychology
8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion
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FACS
! Facial Action Coding System
! F.A.C.S.
! Individual facial muscle actions! “Action units” (AU)
! Code for each AU (58)
! Presence of AU
! Intensity of AU
! A (lowest intensity) to E (highest)
! Specific rules
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DEMONSTRATION
! 1! 2! 4! 5! 6! 7! 9! 10
! 12
! 14
! 15
! 17
! 18! 20
! 21
! 22
! 23
! 26
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EMOTION DISPLAYS
! Happy
! Smile AU12 (lip smile)! Duchenne smile AU12 (lip smile) + AU6 (crow’s feet)
! Zygomatic major (AU12) & orbicularis oculi (AU6) muscles
! “Genuine/enjoyment” smile
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“TRUE” EXPRESSIONS
! Posed vs. Spontaneous
! Stem from different neural basis
! Can’t pose all AUs that we do spontaneously
! Posed expressions tend to be:
! Posed faster
! Jagged (i.e., not smooth)
! Microexpressions
! Emotions “leak”! Brief, uncontrollable
! Can still be VERY visible
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“TRUE” EXPRESSIONS
! Duping delight! Pleasure in getting
away with lying
! No actual research onduping delight
8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion
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FACS LIMITATIONS !
Long training! Over 500 page manual! Certification
! Lengthy coding! Frame by frame coding
! 1 minute video ! 1 hour of coding
! Coding issues! Baseline
! Visibility of face
! Irregularities of face
! Reliability! Botox
! Target-less! Unclear what the emotion trigger is
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OTHER EMOTION EXPRESSIONS
! Voice
! Content
! Speech-content filters
! Speech disfluencies
! Touch research
! Evidence for some widely shared perceptions
! Emblematic/symbolic/cultural meanings
! Is handshake gratitude or congratulatory?
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A RGUMENTS FOR UNIVERSALITY OF
EXPRESSIONS
! Even isolated tribes recognize emotions at highrates of accuracy
! Zero contact with media or outside world
! Expressions of congenitally blind
! Similar AUs across sightedness & culture
! Cultural differences in emotion “triggers”! Examples: Inuit, Japanese wives
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A RGUMENTS A GAINST UNIVERSALITY
! Most emotion recognition research based on posed
faces! Posed faces may be “prototypical” of the expression
! Forced choice responses! “Which emotion out of these?”
! Some evidence suggests limitations on universalexpression recognition! Interpretation of expression by context
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E VIDENCE FOR MOTIVATIONAL
INFLUENCES IN RECOGNITION
! Within-group recognition
! Better recognition for “ingroup” members
! Explained motivationally
! Rejection
! Increased recognition of Duchenne vs. non-Duchenne
smile
! Difficult to claim “automatic” and universal
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LIE TO ME
! Character Cal Lightman based on Paul Ekman