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LECTURES_ O N M E T H O D O L O G Y OF TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Methodology is a scie ce !hich st"dies o#$ecti%es& co te ts& 'eg"latio s& (ea s&de%ices& (ethods a d syste(s o) teachi g a d lea' i g a d st"dyi g ed"catio al

*'ocess o the (ate'ial o) a gi%e la g"age+

A y scie ce has its o! catego'ies, s"#$ect& o#$ect& 'eg"la'ities a d (ethods o)'esea'ch& the *'i ci*les+

Cathego'ies o) Methodology

Syste( o) teachi g, a (odel o) the teachi g *'ocess& co''es*o di g to a de)i ite(ethodological co ce*tio !hich dete'(i es o#$ecti%es& co te ts a d (ea s o)teachi g+

E+g+ The (ethodological syste( o) M+-est+ His co ce*tio !as that !he yo"ha%e (o'e tha ./ *"*ils i the class yo" ca teach the( e glish o ly th'o"gh'eadi g& !he'e e%e'y *"*il ad%a ces i his o! *ace a d the teache' *lays the 'oleo) the (aste' o) the ce'(o ies o ly+At that ti(e I dia #eca(e the colo y o) G'eat 0'itai + U de' s"ch co ditio s !as

#ette' to edit 1// good #oo2s tha to ed"cate 1// good teache's+

The o#$ecti%es o) M+-est3s teachi g !as to teach to 'ead #y 'eadi g+

Fo' the co te ts *'es"**oses he too2 i his #oo2s e%e'yday to*ics+ The(ethodological G"ide )o' teache's !as called 4Teachi g E glish i Di))ic"ltC"'c"(sta ces5+

As the (ea s o) teachi g he desig ed a se'ies o) g'aded #oo2s )'o( the easiest to(o'e co(*licated o es+They !e'e called 4G'ee Co(*a oi s5& 4RedCo(*a io s5++6 #oo2s all i all+

Method is a ge e'ali7ed (odel o) the (a$o' co(*o e ts o) teachi g o the #asis o) a do(i ee'i g idea+ M+-est3s (ethod !as #ased o (a2i g the st"de ts 'e(e(#e' the ecessa'y %oca#"la'y a d st'"ct"'es th'o"gh )'e8"e t 'e*etitio o) these !o'dsa d *h'ases9 at least 6 ti(es *e' *age:+The'e a'e di))e'e t (ethods, g'a((a';t'a slatio (ethod& co te

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M

E+g+ > de%ices ho! to e

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Ta#le ?+Reg"la'ities

La g"age sychology edagogy Methodoologyla g"age s*eech ed"catiotho"ght cog itio ed"cati g'eality

to s*ea2 ala g"age yo"sho"ld 'e)lect the'eality

s*eech a dcog itio a'eachie%ed th'o"ghacti%e ess o) thes*ea2e'

ed"catio a ded"cati g ta2es

*lace i the co"'seo) teachi g

teachi g sho"ld #e do e o the'eal t'"e;to;li)esit"atio s

?:I li g"istics = li g"istic a d e

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teachi g *'ocess !hich a'e co((o toteachi g a y la g"age& i''es*ecti%ely o)the (othe' to g"e o) the st"de ts

(othe' to g"es

E+g E+g+

Methods o) Resea'sh, The'e e

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E

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E+g+ "*il, I #o"ght a e! #oo2+ Teache', A d yeste'day+ "*il, I #o"ght it yeste'day+ = 9d'ill e

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o) co((" icatio + Its #asis is the di))e'e ciatio #et!ee *'e;co((" icati%e a dco((" icati%e acti%ities+Th'o"gh *'e;co((" icati%e acti%ities the teache' isolites s*eci)ic ele(e ts o)2 o!ledge o' s2ill !hich co(*ose co((" icati%e a#ility a d *'o%edes thelea' e's !ith o**o't" ities to *'actise the( se*a'ately+ The lea' e's a'e th"s #ei g

t'ai ed i the *a't s2ills o) the co((" icatio 'athe' tha *'actisi g a total s2ill to #e ac8"i'ed+ This catego'y i cl"des the (a$o'ity o) the lea' i g acti%ities c"''e tlyto #e )o" d i the te

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E+g+ It3s i te'esti g Let3s see !ethe' it is 'ight o' ot+ Ne%e' say 4Yo" a'e 'ight !'o g 5& e%e' #e a $"dge& it is #ette' to (a2eso(e#ody else a $"d$e+

Methodology a d its 'elatio s !ith othe' scie ces+ Methodology as a scie ce ca ot de%elo* i) it does 3t ta2e i to acco" t the latestde%elo*(e ts o) a "(#e' o) scie ces it 'elates to+Tis )act ca #e e

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E+g+ The )'e8"e cy o) the (ate'ial i *"t i )l"e ces the *hysiological state o) thes"de t+> ho"'s o) ha'd !o'2 ca (a2e a *e'so (ad& #"t i) they ca liste to so(e

*leasa t ("sic i the head*ho es d"'i g that !o'2 it #eco(es less da ge'o"s+

Nati%e !o'dCo ce*t o' o#$ectFo'eig !o'dO#$ect o) the 'eality

La g"age is a syte( o) (ea s9 le g"age %ehicles: !hich a'e ecessa'y a ds"))icie t )o' co((" icatio *l"s '"les o) thei' "se+S*eech is act"alisatio o) la g"age syste( i co c'ete acts o) co((" icatio i+e+ it

is ot o ly the 2 o!ledge o) la g"age (ea s a d '"les o) thei' "ses& #"t alsoa"to(ati7ed "sage i co((" icati%e acts+ Acco'di gly a *e'so (ay #e assesed #ythe co(*ete ces he has ac8"i'ed+ -he o ly the la g"age st'"ct"'e is ac8"i'ed a dthe *e'so s*ea2s !ith good g'a((a' !e (ay s*ea2 o ly a#o"t la g"ageco(*ete ce+

0"t li g"istic co(*ete ce is ot e o"gh to s*ea2 the 4a"the tic la g"age5+ 0y the4a"the tic la g"age5 !e (ea s*eech !hich is )o'("lated i acco'da ce !ithc"lt"'al a d co %e tio al t'aditio s o) the *eo*le+ -he a *e'so s*ea2i gco''ectly )'o( the g'a((atical *oi t o) %ie! "ses *h'ases !hich a'e the e

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LANG AROL La g"age as a syste( La g"age as a (ea s o) co((" icatioO'tho;g'a*hy

ho e;tics Le

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The e

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4I ha%e (ade this e

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Liste i g&Readi g9sile t: Retelli g&Reciti g a *oe(o' si gig g a so g9!itho"t " e'sta di g thela g"age:

'od"ctio is a *'ocess o) s*o ta eo"s s*eech e

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Role o) (e(o'y i ac8"i'i g a )o'eig la g"age+The'e a'e s"ch ty*es o) (e(o'y as, sho't;te'( (e(o'y& lo g;te'( (e(o'y& *hoto;(e(o'y& i te tio al (e(o'y&

" i te tio al (e(o'y& %is"al (e(o'y& (oto' (e(o'y&etc+Fo' la g"age lea' i g !e eed o ly so(e ty*es o) (e(o'y+Sho't;te'( (e(o'y is co ected !ith (ate'ial *e'ce*tio a d lasts )o' a#o"t (i "tes at the (ost a d )o' di))e'e t *eo*le it is di))e'e t+A)te' !e ha%e hea'd a"tte'a ce it is i o"' sho't;te'( (e(o'y )o' so(e ti(e ecessa'y )o' o"'" de'sta di g it a d the it goes to the lo g;te'( (e(o'y& !he'e it ca #e 'etai ed)o' @ o' > ho"'s o' e%e lo ge'+ A d the this (ate'ial goes to the s"#co scio"s

a'ea o) the h"(a #'ai + I othe' !o'ds this i )o'(atio is i(*'i ted i thee g'a((es o) o"' #'ai + It is i(*'i ted i the )o'( o) so called t'aces+ Acco'di gto the la! o) i(*'i ti g& a *e'so e%e' )o'gets a ythi g+ E%e'ythi he sees& hea's&'eads& etc all that lea%es t'aces o his #'ai + That is !hy the (ai *'o#le( o)(ethodology is ot to (a2e the st" e t st"dy& #"t to hel* hi( to e

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o!ledge& ha#its&s2ills+These catego'ies a'e at the sa(e ti(e (ethodological a d *sychological

catego'ies+o!ledge = is the !hole #"l2 o) la g"age (ate'ial lia#le9 : to #e ac8"i'edacti%ely a d *assi%ely+Ha#its = a'e a"to(ati7ed actio s !ith *ho etical& le

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-he the teache' as2s a 8"estio the st"de t (ay gi%e ot o ly o e to o ea s!e's+Ta2i g i to co side'atio that the st"de t has his o! #ac2g'o" d& sco*eo) 2 o!ledge& di))e'e t attit"de to the )o'eig la g"age as a school s"#$ect& !e ca

ot e

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dialog"es& o' it (ay #e a s*o ta eo"s s*eech+ I the )i'st case 'e*'od"ctio o) thedialog"es ca #e a good (ea s o) de%elo*i g s*eech ha#its& #"t s*o ta eo"ss*eech achie%ed o ly th'o"gh " *'e*a'ed tal2i g+M+ -est&a *'o(i e t #'itish(ethodologist said, 4Lea' to s*ea2 #y s*ea2i g& to 'ead #y 'eadi g& etc5 He(ea t s*o ta eo"s s*ea2i g+ -hile co((" icati g the st"de t ass"(es so(e

'oles a d each ti(e he *e')o'(s a e! social 'ole9 *'o)esso' a d a st"de t& a !aite' a d a c"sto(e'& etc:+I) acco'di g to the co((" icati%e a**'oach the st"de t is gi%e a o**o't" ity tochoose the 'ole& to sol%e& to )i d sol"tio s i de*e de tly& he is s"'e to #e (oti%ateda d !illi g to s*ea2+E+g+ A )light to s*ace+-hat 8"alities sho"ld the *e'so el ha%e to (a2e a tea(+The tache' #'i gs "* a *'o#le(& #"t does Qt say !hat sho"ld each st"de tdo+S*ecialist i la g"ages ca "de'sta d the *"'*ose a d the #e i)it o) doi ge

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la g"age teache's&!hose st'o g *oi ts ("st #e acc"'acy& theo'etical 2 o!ledge o)a la g"age+

Didactic #asis o) Methodology+

A )o'eig la g"age lesso +I+A t'aditio al lesso +It sho"d co(*'ise a "(#e' o) o#ligato'y stages,

?: E%e'y lesso sho"ld #egi !ith so called o'ga i7atio *e'iod stage +Us"allyat this stage the teache' as2s a#o"t the a#se t *"*ils& !ho is o d"ty& !hatthe !ethe' is li2e9 It is ot #ad+ 0"t " )o't" ately 'eal !eathe' is ea'lyal!ays is ot ta2e i to acco" t:+

@: The seco d stage is s*eech e

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?: To gi%e a ge e'ali7ed o#$ecti%e+ It ("st #e %ag"ely *"t& ("st co tai aco )lict a d ha%e a "(#e' o) sol"tio s+

E+g+ The teache' has i (i d Co ditio als+0"t he $"st says, 4Is it sise to gi%echild'e (o ey I) yo" gi%e+++++5That is a *'o#le( !ith (a y sol"tio s& at leastth'ee+The co c'ete sol"tio s o) the *'o#le( co stit"te al'eady the sce a'io o) the

lesso a d each co c'ete o#$ecti%e sho"ld #e sol%ed #y the st"de ts acco'di g tothe algo'yth(@: Each co c'ete o#$ecti%e ("st co tai a co )lict+E+g+I !a t to ta2e (o ey )'o( the #a 2& #"t I ha%e e%e' #ee the'e+1:To gi%e the #eha%io"'al (odel, !hat to do a d ho! to do+ The lesso sho"ldha%e 'easo a#le o#$ecti%es+E+g+ lease *ho e yo"' " cle a d as2 )o' i )o'(atio a d *"t it do! +

: To gi%e the st"de ts la g"age (odels& i+e+ to s"**ly the st"de ts !ith all thee! (ate'ial he eeds+ It is he'e to teach the( !o'ds& g'a((a'& etc+The la g"age

(ate'ial is gi%e i co ectio !ith the *'o#le( sol%ed& #"t ot all the (ate'ialeeded )o' this *a'tic"la' day+: U iti g the st"de ts3 e))o'ts =s(all g'o"*s )o'(atio +

B: Re8"isite *'o*e'ties = ha d;o"t (ate'ials+ -he the st"de t has so(ethi g ihis ha ds it is (o'e co c'ete& s*eci)ic+E+g+ I) the co c'ete o#$ecti%e is to *ost the *ostca'ds& the teache' (ay gi%e thest"de t so(e 'eal *ostca'ds+ The st"de t3s s*eech #eco(es (o'e *'ecise a dc'eates " e

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They ta"ght (e all I 2 o!+ Thei' ai(es a'e -hat a d -hy a d -he A d Ho! a d -he'e a d -ho+

O#$ecti%es o) Teachi g La g"ages+

?: Ed"catio al o#$ecti%es 9]b ]bX ] `f Z :@: Ed"cati%e o#$ecti%es 9 ]^\ `f Z :1: 'actical o#$ecti%es 9\X ^ :

Ed"catio al o#$ecti%es+ Teachi g a la g"age o) a )o'eig co" t'y *'es"**oses oto ly lea' i g the la g"age as s"ch& #"t also getti g ac8"ai ted !ith the c"lt"'e o)the co" t'y+ The ge a'al i )o'(atio a#o"t the co" t'y3s geog'a*hy a d histo'y&c"sto(s& lite'at"'e& (ai i d"st'ial ce t'es& )ol2lo'e !ide the sco*e o) %isio o) thest"de ts+ It %e'y good !he the teache' does 3t co )i e hi(sel) to the (ate'ial o)

the te

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a"dio a d %ideo (ate'ials that the st"de t ac8"i'es a la g"age )'o(+ 0"t ot o lythat+As !e 2 o!& lea' i g a )o'eig la g"age *'es"**oses ot o ly la g"age (ate'ialac8"isitio & #" also de%elo*(e t o) ha#its a d s2ills o) "si g this (ate'ial+So the'ehas #ee a lo g a'g"e(e t !hethe' ha#its a d s2ills ac8"isitio sho"ld #e

co side'ed as a *a't o) co te ts o) teachi g+ It is o ly 'easo a#le to co side' the(as co te ts o) teachi g #eca"se othe'!ise the (ate'ial ac8"isitio at the le%el o)" de'sta di g (ight #e ta2e )o' the )i al 8oal o) la g"age lea' i g+ 0esides&2 o!i g a#o"t the la g"age 'e8"i'es so(e 2 o!ledge o) c"lt"'e& lite'at"'e&histo'y& c"sto(s& t'aditio s& etc& a s*ecialist i a )o'eig la g"age sho"ld 2 o!a#o"t 'ealias 9 :+ Realias e 'ich the st"de t3s idea a#o"t the c"lt"'e o) the co" t'y&get to 2 o! ha#its a d c"sto(es a d sho"ld go !ithi the co te ts o) teachi g+

S*eech acti%ity a d e

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-'iti g a e