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LEED ND• Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), Congress for the
New Urbanism (CNU), and Natural Resources Defense Council to create a national standard.
• LEED for Neighborhood Developments (LEED-ND) emphasizes smart growth aspects of development while still incorporating a selection of the most important green building practices.
Smart Growthan initiative that focuses on positive growth solutions which advocates for compact, transit-oriented, walkable, bicycle-friendly mixed use development
The LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System integrates the principles of:
- smart growth- urbanism- green building
LEED certification provides
independent, third-party verification that a development's location and design meet accepted high levels of environmentally responsible, sustainable development.
Smart Location and Linkage
• Brownfields Redevelopment• Restoration of Habitat or Wetlands• Reduced Automobile Dependence
Neighborhood Pattern & Design
• Compact Development• Diversity of Uses• Walkable Streets
Green Construction and Technology
• Certified green buildings• Reuse of existing buildings• Stormwater management
Innovation & Design Process
• Exemplary Performance• LEED Accredited Professional
Benefits of LEED-ND
• Reduce Urban Sprawl• create more livable communities• create locations that are closer to existing
town and city centers • areas with good transit access • infill sites • previously developed sites • sites adjacent to existing development
Smart Location & LinkageLocation and Connectivity
Smart LocationPreferred Location
Reduced Automobile DependenceBicycle NetworkSchool Proximity
Credits Met: 10Alternative Credits: 1
Total Credits: 11
Smart Location & LinkageLocation and Connectivity
Smart Location• Prerequisite is met through current actions• The project is located near existing adequate
transit service. • More than 50% of the business entrances within
the project are within ¼ mile walk distance of the Cordata Maplewood and Hospital route bus stops provided through the existing trail system and the planned service road.
Smart Location & LinkageLocation and Connectivity
Preferred Location• Credit is met through current actions• The street grid density within one mile of the
site boundaries is 14.3. This is an indication of connectivity to other streets in the area
• It is an infill site that is also a previously developed site
Smart Location & LinkageLocation and Connectivity
Reduced Automobile Dependence• Credit is met through current actions• At least 50% of the business entrances are
within ¼ mile of two bus stops at the corner of Maryland St and Patton St
• On weekdays these routes offer a total of 24 transit rides per day, meeting the minimum requirement of 20 rides per day
Smart Location & LinkageLocation and Connectivity
Bicycle Network• Credit is met through current actions• Bike lanes on Squalicum Drive lead to the Bay to
Baker and Cornwall Park trail systems and bike lanes on Marine Dr
• Diverse uses include Marine Dr Market, The North Shore Church, Whatcom Co. Fire Station and Parkview Elementary
• The site has 118 parking spaces and 35 spaces for bicycles, meeting the requirement of 15% capacity for bicyclists
• BIKE MAP
Smart Location & LinkageLocation and Connectivity
School Proximity• Credit is met through alternative actions• Meeting this credit requires the project to have
residential component. For this to be possible the zoning would have to be changed to residential from industrial
• The project could meet this credit if 25% of the project square footage is converted to residential. The project is currently 1/2 mile from The Madrona School
Smart Location & LinkageWetlands and Habitat
Imperiled Species and Ecological CommunitiesWetland and Water Body Conservation
Site Design for Habitat or Wetlands ConservationRestoration of Habitat or Wetlands
Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands
Credits Met: 1Alternative Credits: 2
Total Credits: 3
Smart Location & LinkageWetlands and Habitat
Imperiled Species and Ecological Communities• Prerequisite is met through current actions• No imperiled or endangered species reside
within the site buffer
Smart Location & LinkageWetlands and Habitat
Wetland and Water Body Conservation• Prerequisite is met through current actions• The project site is 100 feet or more removed
from significant water bodies and any wetlands
Smart Location & LinkageWetlands and Habitat
Site Design for Habitat or Wetlands Conservation• Credit is met through current actions• The site is planned for greater than 98% native
vegetation and no invasive vegetation.
Smart Location & LinkageWetlands and Habitat
Restoration of Habitat or Wetlands• Credit is met through alternative actions• Restore the small on-site pond and
surrounding area equaling at least 10% of the development footprint as a wetland by adding herbaceous wetland plants to the current landscape plan
• Donate the restored area to an accredited land trust such as the Nature Conservancy
Smart Location & LinkageWetlands and Habitat
Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands• Credit is met through alternative actions• There are no wetlands on the property• The restored pond and surrounding area would be
converted to a wetland ecosystem and donated to an accredited land trust such as The Nature Conservancy
• The 10-year management plan for the site would include measures regarding:
• Hydrology• Maintenance as a self-sustaining, persistent system• Effects on nearby upland and deepwater habitat• Monitoring of the wetland throughout the course of the
management program
Smart Location & Linkage
Land UseProximity to Water and Wastewater Infrastructure
Agricultural Land ConservationFloodplain Avoidance
Prerequisites Achieved
Smart Location & LinkageLand Use
Proximity to Water and Wastewater Infrastructure• Prerequisite is met through current actions• The project is located on a previously developed infill
site that is served by existing water and wastewater infrastructure
• The plans call for limited additional infrastructure to be constructed for the project
Smart Location & LinkageLand Use
Agricultural Land Conservation• Prerequisite is met through current actions• The soils are not of agricultural value• There were no forest or farm lands on the site
prior to development
Smart Location & LinkageLand Use
Floodplain Avoidance• Prerequisite is met through current actions• Project is located on a previously developed
site• No buildings will be constructed on the part of
the site that is within the 100-year floodplain
Smart Location & LinkageUnachievable Credits
Brownfield RedevelopmentHigh Priority Brownfields RedevelopmentHousing and Jobs ProximitySteep Slope Protection
Smart Location & LinkageSummary and Recommendations
• All Prerequisites are achieved• Credits Met: 11• Alternative Credits: 3• Total Credits: 14 out of a possible 30• Recommendations– Convert on-site pond and surrounding area into a
wetland– Donate restored pond area to an accredited land trust
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignCommunity Connectivity
Open CommunityCompact Development
Diversity of UsesWalkable StreetsStreet Network
Credits Met: 0Alternative Credits: 9
Total Credits: 9
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignCommunity Connectivity
Open Community• Prerequisite is met through alternative actions• The main street access and the sidewalks within the
site is currently planned to be gated to the community along with the emergency access road.
• In order to meet this prerequisite, all streets and sidewalks that are built as part of the project or serving the project directly would be designated as available for general public use and not gated.
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignCommunity Connectivity
Compact Development• Prerequisite and credit are met through alternative
actions• Redesign the project to include two additional levels
on each of the four buildings• The result would be an increase of 191,918 square
feet for a project total of 291,378 square feet• The floor area ratio would equal 0.87 and the project
would earn one point for the credit and meet the prerequisite.
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignCommunity Connectivity
Diversity of Uses• Credit is met through alternative actions• A residential component equaling at least 25% of the project’s
total building square footage would be achieved in the redesign, as the additional floors in buildings B and C would be dedicated exclusively to residential units.
• After completing this action the credit will be passed as the current building entrances are within a half mile walking distance of 4 diverse uses including Squalicum Park, Bellingham Technical College Library, Madronia School, and Immanuel Bible Church.
• Additional points could be earned for this credit if additional diverse uses were added.
• Diverse use map?
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignCommunity Connectivity
Walkable Streets• Credit is met through alternative actions• Arrange the buildings so that the site allows for parking to be placed in the
rear of the building or create an underground garage for the site parking, leaving the frontages and streetscapes free of surface parking.
• As the buildings will be redesigned to increase residential density the building height to street width proportions of 1:3 will be met. There are no streets currently bordering the project site or planned adjacent buildings.
• Redesign the sidewalks throughout the sight to border both sides of the street at a minimum of 4 feet. And provide connections to all footpaths from sidewalks for connectivity to areas surrounding the site.
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignCommunity Connectivity
Street Network• Credit is met through alternative actions• The street grid density of the 7.56 acre site is approximately
49.1centerline miles per square mile, meeting the standard for street grid density.
• However, his credit is not met currently due to the emergency access road being gated and closed to public access.
• This credit could be met if the current emergency access road is opened to traffic, auto and bike. The topography of the site does not allow for any other street connections to the adjoining neighborhood.
• Street map?
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignSocioeconomic Diversity
Diversity of Housing TypesAffordable Rental Housing
Affordable For-Sale Housing
Credits Met: 0Alternative Credits: 5
Total Credits: 5
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignSocioeconomic Diversity
Diversity of Housing Types• Credit is met through alternative actions• The development would be rezoned to include
residential units in Buildings B and C in the levels added in the redesign.
• Four different housing types could possibly be represented in the units.
• 94 new residential units could be built in this space at an average of 23.5 units for each dwelling type, earning a score of 0.53 on the Simpson Diversity Index, indicating a moderate diversity of housing types within the development.
Neighborhood Pattern & Design Socioeconomic Diversity
Affordable Rental Housing• Credit is met through alternative actions• About half of the 94 residential units in the
development’s redesign would be rental properties. • The median income in Bellingham, WA for 2009 is
$64400. 15% of the rental units would be priced for households with an income of up to 50% of $64400, and 15% of the rental units would be priced for households with an income of up to 80% of $64400.
Neighborhood Pattern & Design Socioeconomic Diversity
Table 1. Monthly rental rates for households at 50% and 80% of the median income for Bellingham, WA for five property types.
Property type Price for 50% of the Median Income
Price for 80% of the Median Income
Studio $595 $774
1-Bedroom $658 $855
2-Bedroom $824 $1071
3-Bedroom $1204 $1565
4-Bedroom $1422 $1849
Source: 50th Percentile Rent Estimates, United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2009.
Neighborhood Pattern & Design Socioeconomic Diversity
Affordable For-Sale Housing• Credit is met through alternative actions• 10% of the for-sale units would be priced for households with an
income of up to 80% of the median income, and 10% of the for-sale units would be priced for households with an income of up to 120% of the median income.
• Affordable housing is defined by the Area Median Income (AMI) Standard as 30% or less of a household’s monthly income being spent on housing costs. For 10% of the units, monthly housing costs could not exceed $1288, and for another 10% of the units, monthly housing costs could not exceed $1932.
• Additionally, the mortgages on the specified units would need to be such that households at 80% and 120% of the median income could be eligible for them.
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignTransportation
Reduced Parking FootprintTransit Facilities
Transportation Demand Management
Credits Met: 0Alternative Credits: 4
Total Credits: 4
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignTransportation
Reduced Parking Footprint• Credit is met through alternative actions• The sites surface parking facilities are within the 20% development
footprint maximum requirement and the site plans show that 118 bicycle parking spots will be installed.
• However, all the non-residential buildings within the project locate their off-street parking along the frontages of Buildings A and B. Building A has a majority of the parking to the side between the building and the street, thus not meeting the streetscape and building frontage requirements.
• The alternative would arrange the buildings so that the site allows for parking to be placed in the rear of the building or create an underground garage for the site parking, leaving the frontages and streetscapes free of surface parking.
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignTransportation
Transit Facilities• Credit is met through alternative actions• A bus route would be added to Squalicum Way for this
alternative to be viable• The project could meet this credit by following these
actions:o build at least one partially enclosed transit stop
within the project o build kiosks displaying local transit information and
a description of the kiosko add a bus route to Squalicum Way
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignTransportation
Transportation Demand Management• Credit is met through alternative actions• The developer would provide Whatcom
Transit Authority annual passes to employees for three years at half the original price of $250.00
• Bus passes would be publicized and distributed through business owners
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignSite Accessibility
Access to Surrounding VicinityAccess to Public Spaces
Access to Active Public SpacesUniversal Accessibility
Credits Met: 1Alternative Credits: 2
Total Credits: 3
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignSite Accessibility
Access to Surrounding Vicinity• Credit is met through alternative actions• The access road that runs along the east side of
the site is gated and does not allow open access• Removing the gate would allow for a through
street from Squalicum Parkway to Lafayette Street
• The west side of the property is exempt from this requirement due to the extreme topography
Neighborhood Pattern & Design Site Accessibility
Access to Public Spaces• Credit is met through alternative actions• There are small green spaces on the east side of each
building but none of them are 150 feet wide, and do not equal ½ acre.
• Use space behind Building A as a green space measuring at least 150 feet wide and equaling at least 1/6 acre.
• In order to meet the required sum of ½ acre, additional green space would be added on the west side of Building C.
• The above changes coupled with the existing green spaces would meet the ½ acre requirement.
Neighborhood Pattern & Design Site Accessibility
Access to Active Public Spaces• Credit is met through current actions• Project is adjacent to Squalicum Creek Park
which contains a baseball field with plans for two additional fields
Insert pretty park map?
Neighborhood Pattern & Design
Local Food Production• Credit is met through alternative actions• Develop regulations that prevent the ban of
food production on the site.• Purchase shares in a CSA program for at least
80% of the households on the site for at least two years.
• Choose from the many CSA programs in Whatcom County by inhabitants’ vote.
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignUnachievable Credits
Community Outreach and Involvement• Does not meet the requirement to receive this
credit, nor are there any applicable alternatives given that community involvement must occur in the pre-design phase.
Universal Accessibility• Does not meet the requirement due to inability
to meet the requirements for separate kinds of residences (err this is awkward)
Neighborhood Pattern & DesignSummary and Recommendations
Green Construction & Technology
Minimization of Pollution and Site DisturbanceConstruction Activity Pollution Prevention
Minimize Site Disturbance through Site DesignMinimize Site Disturbance During Construction
Light Pollution ReductionHeat Island Reduction
Credits Met: 0Alternative Credits: 4
Total Credits: 4
Green Construction & TechnologyMinimization of Pollution and Site Disturbance
Construction Activity Pollution Prevention• Prerequisite is met through current actions• The Squalicum Lofts Stormwater Report indicates areas where
sedimentation and erosion control are necessary during construction.
• BMPs include means to:• Control flow rates• Install sediment controls• Stabilize soils• Protect slopes• Control pollutants
• The plan also includes means for monitoring and adjusting the plan if it is not working as intended.
Green Construction & TechnologyMinimization of Pollution and Site Disturbance
Minimize Site Disturbance Through Site Design• Credit is met through alternative actions• Limit the zone of construction impact to the
area immediately near the site which is also previously developed
• Protect the conservation easement, that includes the proposed wetland, from development
Green Construction & TechnologyMinimization of Pollution and Site Disturbance
Minimize Site Disturbance During Construction• Credit is met through alternative actions• For any areas in the construction impact zone that
fall beyond the previously developed area, create construction impact zones that limit the site disturbance to:
• 40 feet beyond the building perimeter• 10 feet beyond surface walkways and parking• 15 feet beyond primary roadway curbs• 25 feet beyond constructed areas with permeable
surfaces
Green Construction & TechnologyMinimization of Pollution and Site Disturbance
Heat Island Reduction• Credit is met through alternative actions• The site has plans to use pervious pavement, but not
the required 50%• The project could meet this credit by following these
actions: – Use pervious pavement to cover at least 50% of the
projects impervious areas– Using trees for shade or reluctant pavement may be a
better option if more cost-effective
Green Construction & TechnologyMinimization of Pollution and Site Disturbance
Light Pollution Reduction• Credit met through alternative actions• Reduce the luminance to a value lower than
0.20 footcandles at the sites boundary, and 0.01 15 feet beyond the site
• No more than 5% of the fixtures should emit light at an angle of 90 degrees or higher.
Green Construction & Technology
Energy EfficiencyLEED Certified Green BuildingsEnergy Efficiency in Buildings
District Heating & CoolingInfrastructure Energy Efficiency
Credits Met: 3Alternative Credits: 3
Total Credits: 6
Green Construction & TechnologyEnergy Efficiency
LEED Certified Green Buildings• Credit met through current actions• This project is planned for four LEED silver
structures.
Green Construction & TechnologyEnergy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency in Buildings Confusing• Credit met through alternative action• To earn one point under this credit the project
would need 90% of buildings to show a 10% improvement in the proposed building performance rating compared to the baseline building performance rating
• Must follow ASHRA/IESNA guidelines
Green Construction & TechnologyEnergy Efficiency
District Heating and Cooling• Credit met through alternative actions• Include a district heating system for all buildings,
such that 80% of the project's total square footage is connected and 80% of the project total peak heating load is connected
• If the project does not already include a district heating system the viability of installing a district heating system would need to be assessed
Green Construction & TechnologyEnergy Efficiency
Infrastructure Energy Efficiency • Credit met through alternative actions• Meeting this credit requires a large investment
by the developer. If the budget is large enough this credit could plausibly be met
• The project could meet this credit if infrastructure such as traffic lights, street lights, water and wastewater pumps and treatment systems achieve a 15% annual energy reduction from an estimated baseline
Green Construction & Technology
Water ManagementReduced Water Use
Stormwater ManagementWastewater Management
Credits Met: 0Alternative Credits: 9
Total Credits: 9
Green Construction & TechnologyWater Management
Reduced Water Use• Credit met through alternative actions• 90% of all buildings need to be built so that
indoor water use is reduced by 30%. This can be accomplished by using efficient fixtures: urinals, lavatory faucets, showers, and kitchen faucets
• Install landscaping that doesn’t require irrigation
Green Construction & TechnologyWater Management
Stormwater Management This seems super confusing• Credit met through alternative actions• Although the site has a progressive and well-developed
stormwater management system planned, it is based on capture of storm water and energy/temperature dampening, with the intent of mitigating the impacts of stormwater released into the bay.
• LEED-ND GCT Credit 9 is rated on how much rainfall re-enters ground stock, so Squalicum’s stormwater management plan is not necessarily creditable under LEED.
• Adding green roofs, more permeable pavements, rain gardens, would allow maximum point reward of 5 to be awarded, based on a successful capture and infiltration of 2.25" of rain.
Green Construction & TechnologyWater Management
Wastewater Management• Credit met through alternative actions• Greywater recycling systems would allow for the
project to capture and reuse a high portion of water, and reduce the amount of potable water used for non-human consumptive purposes.
• The addition of greywater recapture and infiltration into rain gardens would also help satisfy the requirements of GCT Credit 9: Stormwater Management
Green Construction & Technology
Waste and Recycling ManagementRecycled Content for InfrastructureConstruction Waste Management
Comprehensive Waste Management
Credits Met: 0Alternative Credits: 3
Total Credits: 3
Green Construction & TechnologyWaste and Recycling Management
Recycled Content for Infrastructure • Credit met through alternative actions• Design project such that the aggregate base and
subbase are at least 90% recycled aggregate materials • Any asphalt base is at least 15% recycled content • Any asphalt concrete pavement is at least 15% recycled
asphalt pavement• Any Portland cement concrete pavement and any
piping made from Portland cement concrete needs to contain at least 25% recycled mineral admixtures and 10% reclaimed concrete material aggregate
Green Construction & TechnologyWaste and Recycling Management
Construction Waste Management• Credit met through alternative actions• Garco Building Systems would need to
develop a construction waste management plan
• Recycle at least 50% of the excess steel used in the manufacturing process
Green Construction & TechnologyWaste and Recycling Management
Comprehensive Waste Management• Credit met through alternative actions• Add any 2 of the following 3 services
– household hazardous materials pickup, composting, and separated recycling
• Recycling is likely to be included, although composting is not likely, as the current site usage is slated for commercial and light industrial works.
• Household hazardous materials include substances such as bleach and other cleaning supplies, making pickup service a valuable portion of the credit, even if recycling and compost have already been added
Green Construction & Technology
On-Site EnergyOn-Site Energy Generation
On-Site Renewable Energy Sources
Credits Met: 0Alternative Credits: 2
Total Credits: 2
Green Construction & TechnologyOn-Site Energy
On-Site Energy Generation• Credit met through alternative actions• 5% of the project's total energy consumption
must come from on-site generation Examples?
Green Construction & TechnologyOn-Site Energy
On-Site Renewable Energy Sources• Credit met through alternative actions• Incorporate renewable energy technologies
such as solar, wind, or biomass so that 5% of the project’s energy comes from these technologies
• A written commitment to meet the requirements would be included
Green Construction & TechnologyUnachievable Credits
Building Reuse and Adaptive ReuseReuse of Historic BuildingsContaminant Reduction in Brownfields RemediationSolar Orientation
Green Construction & TechnologySummary
• Prerequisite is achieved• Credits Met: 3• Alternative Credits: 21• Total Credits: 24 out of a possible 31
Green Construction & TechnologyRecommendations
– Limit the zone of construction impact to the area immediately near the site
– Create construction impact zones that limit the site disturbance
– Use pervious pavement to cover at least 50% of the projects impervious areas
– Reduce the luminance of lighting systems– Include a district heating system for all buildings– Install water efficient fixtures
Green Construction & TechnologyRecommendations
– Add green roofs, greywater recycling systems and rain gardens for rainwater capture
– Use recycled aggregate materials in pavement and concrete structures
– Recycle at least 50% of the excess steel used in the manufacturing process
– Add 2 recycling or waste management services– Receive 5% of energy from on-site or on-site
renewable sources such as solar or wind