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Date
By Lee Eng Lock
HVAC Talk
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Chong Qing,
Hang Zhou, Shen Zhen
in China
Psychometric Chart for WeatherData from:
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Location Map of the 3 cities
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Chong Qing Weather Data
2004 - 2006
2004 2006
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Hang Zhou Weather Data
2004 - 2006
2004 2006
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Shen Zhen Weather Data2004 - 2006
2004 2006
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AHU ENERGY RETROFIT
New AHU Design Criteria
1. Low air velocity across filter and cooling coil2. Air pre-cool by 15 degC chilled water3. High efficiency Airfoil direct driven fan4. Super-E electric motor5. Variable speed drive6. Digital temperature Control
7. Non flammable AHU panel8. High resistance of coil to corrosion (powdercoating)
CASE STUDY 1. ST MicroelectronicsCASE STUDY 1. ST Microelectronics PtePte LtdLtd
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AHU ENERGY RETROFIT
New AHU Plan ViewCASE STUDY 1. ST MicroelectronicsCASE STUDY 1. ST Microelectronics PtePte LtdLtd
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AHU ENERGY RETROFIT
New AHU SectionCASE STUDY 1. ST MicroelectronicsCASE STUDY 1. ST Microelectronics PtePte LtdLtd
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AHU ENERGY RETROFIT
CASE STUDY 1. ST MicroelectronicsCASE STUDY 1. ST Microelectronics PtePte LtdLtdExecutive Summary
OLD and NEW AHU PERFORMANCE
# AHU Parameter (100% fresh air): Unit OLD AHU NEW AHU1 Total cooling capacity Ton refrigerant 340 354
2 Chilled water supply temperature Degree C 6
15-pre-cool,
6-final cooling
3 Chilled water temperature rise Degree C 5.5 114 Fan power consumption KW 35 7
5 Chiller power consumption KW 212 170
6 AHU efficiency KW/Ton 0.1 0.02
SAVINGS# Savings (for 2 units): kW % $Sin/Year
1 Fan power consumption 56 80 72,800
2 Chiller power consumption 84 20 109,200
3 Total 140 182,000Payback period of investments 1.9 years
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Existing Ultrasonic Flow Meter
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Newly Installed Ultrasonic Flow Meter
Header MF?
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Magnetic flow meter on
condenser flow
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Magnetic flow meter on chilled water flow
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New USF
Old USF on the vertical pipe
Three MFs on chilled side
Three MFs on condenser side
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UF installation
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MF installation
From OMEGA Engineering
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Flow measure comparison
Flow measurement comparison (GPM) 18Nov08
1000.00
1100.00
1200.00
1300.00
1400.00
1500.00
1600.00
1700.00
1800.00
1900.00
2000.00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
time
gpm USFnew(header)
USFold(header)
MF existing(header)
1) Correctly mounted ultrasonic flow meter reading matches the existing magnetic flow reading
2) Improperly mounted ultrasonic flow meter reading is 15% lower than correctly mounted ultrasonic flow meterand the existing magnetic flow meter
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Cooling load comparison
Cooling load comparison (tons) 18Nov08
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
Cooling load (USF new)
Cooling load (USF old)Cooling load (MF existing)
1) Equipment switched on at 7.30am, switched off at 6:pm
2) There is a cooling load spike in the early morning due to the heat accumulation during the night.
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Efficiency comparison (kw/ton) (18Nov08)
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
7:00
7:30
8:00
8:30
9:00
9:30
10:00
10:30
11:00
11:30
12:00
12:30
13:00
13:30
14:00
14:30
15:00
15:30
16:00
16:30
17:00
17:30
18:00
18:30
Efficiency (USF new)
Efficiency (USF old)Efficiency (MF existing)
Efficiency comparison
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Efficiency comparison
Efficiency comparison (kw/ton) (18Nov08)
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
7:00
7:30
8:00
8:30
9:00
9:30
10:00
10:30
11:00
11:30
12:00
12:30
13:00
13:30
14:00
14:30
15:00
15:30
16:00
16:30
17:00
17:30
18:00
18:30
Efficiency (USF new)
Efficiency (USF old)
Efficiency (MF existing)
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Spot measurement
Chill plant power: 421.8 kw
Chiller plant flow rate: 2441gpm
Chiller Chw temp in: 52.34F (11.3 C)
Chiller Chw temp out: 46.22F(7.9C)
The resultant plant efficiency: 0.6776 kw/ton
The measurement time is around 9:30am to 10:30amComparing with the logging graph, the spot measured efficiencyis lower than logging data which is 0.71-0.88kw/ton based on UFnew and MF existing flow measurement, but acceptable
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The sampling rate is 1 minute
The readings from correctly mounted ultrasonic flow meter matches well thosefrom magnetic flow meter mounted on the header
Due to the improper mounting of the old ultrasonic ( air accumulation), thereadings from old UF is 15% lower than new correctly mounted UF, whichcauses the higher efficiency deviation
During the equipment switching on and off period, unsteady operating conditionaffects the flow meter reading greatly
Chiller plant average efficiency from 8:am to 6pm on Nov.18, 2008 is0.79kw/ton, which is meet the GreenMark baseline minimum efficiency
requirement 0.85kw/ton
There is big room to improve chiller plant efficiency:
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Figure 3a
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Figure 3b
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Figure 3c
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Insert subtitle hereFigure 5a
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Figure 5b
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Figure 5c
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Figure 5d
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Figure 6a
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Figure 6b
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Figure 6c
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Figure 6d
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Figure 7a
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Figure 7b
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Low Face Velocity
An Energy Conservation Optionfor
Make-Up Air UnitsPresented by:
Greg Owen, PE503-624-3230
October 4, 2000
Low Face Velocity
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Cleanroom facility design
decisions must be economicallyjustified.
FACT:
Low Face Velocity
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Low Face Velocity
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Elements That Affect Make-up Air Unit Energy Consumption
CoilSize
FilterSize
Fan CFM,Motor Hp
oF &RH%of OA
Under the control ofthe Design Engineer
oF &RH%
Low Face Velocity
Low Face Velocity
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FACE VELOCITIES CONSIDERED
Unit CFMFace Area
500FPM
350
FPM
425
FPM
300
FPM
Low Face Velocity
Low Face Velocity
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Low face velocities reduce airhandling unit coil and filter static
pressure and result in lower
energy consumption by the unit.
PREMISE #1
Low Face Velocity
Low Face Velocity
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FILTER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
500 425 350 300
(FPM)
Pre Filters Carbon Filters 95% Filters HEPA Filters
(INWG)
y
Low Face Velocity
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COIL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
0
0.2
0.40.6
0.8
1
1.21.4
(INWG)
500 425 350 300
(FPM)
Preheat Cooling Dehum Reheat
y
Low Face Velocity
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Energy savings from low facevelocity systems reduce theoperating costs of the units.
PREMISE #2
Low Face Velocity
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Component Cost Impact
Larger Casing Increase Capital Cost
Larger Coils Increase Capital Cost
Increased Filter Count Constant Life Cycle Cost
Smaller Fan Motors Decreased Capital Cost
Reduced Infrastructure Decreased Capital Cost
ECONOMIC IMPACT FOR LOW FACE VELOCITYCOMPONENTS
Low Face Velocity
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MAKE-UP AIR UNIT MOTOR SELECTION
Static RPM BrakeHp
500 FPM 801 65.0
425 FPM 757 55.6
350 FPM 709 46.0
300 FPM 687 41.8
Low Face Velocity
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Includes
Fan, Motor & Drives
Coils Filter Racks Humidifier Housing & Inlet EE Infrastructure
Impact
MAKE-UP AIR UNIT COST ESTIMATE
Excludes Filter Media Installation Cost Building Space
Low Face Velocity
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Make-up Air Unit (MAU)Capital Cost Differential
500 FPM
425 FPM
350 FPM
300 FPM
Base Cost
+$4,820
-$1,610
+$9,450
Low Face Velocity
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Energy Cost
High AverageIndustrial /Commercial Rate
Boston Edison
$0.097/kWHr
Low AverageIndustrial /Commercial Rate
PortlandGeneral Electric
$0.0382/kWHr
Low Face Velocity
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425 FPM Unit $38,187 +37 Weeks (9.5 months)
MAU Electrical Operating Cost (High Rate)
500 FPM Unit $44,959 Base Condition
Pay Back PeriodUnit Size Cost/Yr.
350 FPM Unit $31,964 Immediate
300 FPM Unit $28,764 + 29 Weeks (7.25 months)
Low Face Velocity
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425 FPM Unit $15,039 +94 Weeks (23.5 months)
MAU Electrical Operating Cost (Low Rate)
500 FPM Unit $17,705 Base Condition
Pay Back PeriodUnit Size Cost/Yr.
350 FPM Unit $12,588 Immediate
300 FPM Unit $11,328 + 77 Weeks (19.2 months)
Low Face Velocity
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Low face velocities do save energy & money.
Return on Investment (ROI) is dependent on
local energy rates. High tech companies generally require ROIs of
12 months or less.
CONCLUSION
Low Face Velocity
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Questions??
L F V l it
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Questions??
Low Face Velocity
Questions??
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Insert subtitle here
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