LE/ES Science Regents: Processing the 7 Types of
Science Diagrams
Gary CarlinScience Inst [email protected]
(917) 714 – 7448 (718) 828-5943
CFN 603
Understanding Diagrams• 1. Compare & Contrast
• 2. Before & After
• 3. Representational
• 4. Parts
• 5. Step-by-Step
• 6. Flow Chart
• 7. Complete Process
or 1-Picture Story
Living Environment Diagrams
Earth Science Diagrams
Chemistry Diagrams
Compare & Contrast (N-D-P-D)
Part Names
(in the “In Between Area”)
Part Descriptions (shading, shape, size, location in the “Surrounding Area”)
Presence (+/-)
(Box Below Left)
Difference (+/+)
(Box Below Right)
Wall
Membrane
Cytoplasm
EPR
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Mitochondria
1. 2.
Round Shape Square Shape
Green
RigidFlexible
Nucleus Center
Presence (+/-)Chloroplasts (2)Wall (2)Centrioles (1)
DifferencesVacuole: small/many-- large fewNucleus: center – off centerShape: round -- rectangle
Terrestrial Planets
Core42% Volume
HighDensity(Iron)
Highest Eccentricity
Smallestplanet Similar to
Earth
CO2atmosphere
Partially liquid
Hot, noPlateTectonicsNo magneticfield
O2, Na, H Atmosphere
1. 2.
Size of Mantle and CoreAtmosphereSimilarity to EarthEccentricityMagnetic Field
Before & After
Part Names
(if not already done)
Differences
Unknown(s)
(label)
Explanation(s)
1. 2.
Oxygen7/2
Water6/6
Protein0/7
MoreOxygenInside ofCell5/4
Explanation: The concentration of oxygen is greater outside of the cell so it willdiffuse into the cell. (Protein molecules stay within the cell because they are toolarge to diffuse out of the cell. The water concentration is at equilibrium.)
Seven Stars A-GConstellation: Ursa MajorBig Dipper - Plough
Location of Stars – Change?:Dubhe, Merak, Phecda, Megrez, Alioth, Mizar, Alkaid
5 of the stars of the Big Dipper are the core of the Ursa Major Moving Group. The two ends are not part of the swarm, and are moving in the opposite direction. This will slowly change the Dipper's shape, with the bowl opening up and the handle becoming more bent. In 50,000 years the Dipper will no longer exist as we know it, but be re-formed into a new Dipper facing the opposite way.
Representational
Part Description
(color, shape, size)
Part Name
Arrangement Explanation
(model/process)
Arrangement:
Two Alternating Phosphate and Sugar strands that are cross connected by pairs of matching Nitrogen Bases (G-C, A-T)
WhiteRectangle
BlackRectangle
PointedFlag
FishtailFlag
Ice creamStick
CigarCutter
NitrogenBases
Sugar
PhosphateExplanation:Provides code for production of specific proteins (characteristics)
Large circle withTwo small circles
Cube
Irregularshape
Water moleculesAttach to surfaceof salt and dust particles
Water molecules will combine with tiny particles of dust, salt, and smoke in the air to form cloud droplets, which grow and develop into clouds and form of water we can see.
Parts
Part Name Location
Structure Function
PelvicRegion
Oviduct Placenta
Ovary
Uterus
Vagina
Amnion
BetweenRectum and
BladderStructure:Placenta embeds into the walls of the uterus and embryo is enclosed in a fluid filled membrane.
Function:Food and wastes diffuse across the placenta and travel through the umbilical cord to support the growth and development of the fetus in the uterus.
The experimental apparatus consists of a tall pendulum free to oscillate in any vertical plane. The direction along which the pendulum swings rotates with time because of Earth's daily rotation.
Pendulum Pail with pendulumon a stool that can bespunStool that can
be turned
Step-by-Step
Label Parts
(if not already done)
Identify Action/Change
d1-d2 d2-d3
d3-d4 d4-d5
Identify Process(es) State Explanation(s)
Process:Enzymatic BreakdownHydrolysis
Enzyme
Substrate
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Substrate fits into Enzyme
E-S Complex breaks down substrate into 2 parts
Explanation:Enzymes are specific for the substrate they work on. The substrate fits into the enzymes active site and undergoes hydrolysis (or can be joined by dehydration synthesis).
Atoms(undecayed)
Decayed Atom
Half Life: Amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay and is constant over the whole life of the decay
Half the atoms have decayed
Time interval is the same
Flow Chart
Words in Boxes Words in/on/by Arrows
Action(s)/Outcome(s) Main Idea
(in a sentence)
Boxes:HumansTechnologyConsumptionPopulation GrowthEquilibrium in Ecosystems
Arrows:Modify ecosystems through …Disrupts …
Outcome:Ecosystem is not in equilibrium
Main Idea:Technology, consumption, and population growth can cause negative changes in an ecosystem so it can no longer maintain its equilibrium.
Weathering, Expansion, Atmospheric GasHydrolysis, Carbonation, Abrasion, etc. Major type
InvolvesCaused byCombines withCausing
Break down ofRocks breakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with atmospheric conditions or chemicals
Weathering of rocks is necessary to produce soil and determines the mineral content of the soil
1-Picture Story
Label Parts Number & Describe Actions/Events
Overall Outcome Next/Variable
Test Tube
Beaker
Water
Elodea
Funnel
Oxygen 1. Elodea uses light to carry out photosynthesis
2. Photosynthesis produces oxygen as a byproduct and is released into the water
3. Oxygen bubbles rise to the top of the test tube and collects
Outcome:In the process of photosynthesis plants use light energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen in the chloroplasts.
Variable/Next:Test gas in test tube with a glowing splint. If it is oxygen then splint will burn bright.
Limestone
Shale
1. Water from stream flows over rock.
2. Water carries sediments suspendedIn water or roll on stream bed
3. Sediment particles erode bedrock and become smaller andsmoother and deposit (rock cycle).
-rock type-streamvelocity-amount of water-width ofstream-winding & straight