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Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government200 E. Main St, Lexington, Kentucky 40507

LEGACY TRAILFeasibility StudyMay 8, 2009

Prepared for:

Prepared by:

Planning Consultants:

Strand Associates, Inc.

CBA, Inc.

AcknowledgementsThe following individuals are acknowledged for their participation and support in making the Legacy Trail a reality:

Mayor Honorable Jim Newberry

Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government Council Members

Jim Gray, Vice MayorLinda Gorton, At-largeChuck Ellinger, At-largeAndrea James, 1st DistrictTom Blues, 2nd DistrictDiane Lawless, 3rd DistrictJulian Beard, 4th DistrictCheryl Blanton Feigel, 5th DistrictKevin Stinnett, 6th DistrictK.C. Crosbie, 7th DistrictGeorge Myers, 8th DistrictJay McChord, 9th DistrictDoug Martin, 10th DistrictPeggy Henson, 11th DistrictEd Lane, 12th District

LFUCG Project ManagementKeith Lovan, PE, LFUCG Division of Engineering

Legacy Trail Steering Committee

Jay McChord, LFUCG Council MemberBob Drakeford, Legacy CenterSteve Austin, Legacy CenterMarnie Holoubeck, Legacy CenterBeth Willmott, Legacy CenterKathy Kelly, Legacy CenterJim Conner, UK ColdstreamBrad Biliter, LFUCG Division of Parks & RecreationMichelle Kosieniak, LFUCG Division of Parks & RecreationKenzie Gleason, LFUCG Division of PlanningBob Bayert, LFUCG Division of EngineeringCindy Deitz, LFUCG Division of PlanningBob Wiseman, UK FacilitiesBob Brashear, UK College of AgricultureSteve Higgins, UK Director of Environmental ComplianceJohn Gensheimer, Lexington Police Department

Blue Grass Community Foundation - The Legacy Center

The Legacy Center at Blue Grass Community Foundation is recog-nized for its active role in building community engagement, which has been a critical element for the Feasibility Study Planning Pro-cess. The Legacy Center and its staff have led an active public involvement process through planning and organizing stakehold-er involvement. Their contribution also involved public relations and outreach utilizing a variety of media, including social media, to promote, support and provide communication with the large following that has developed for the trail project.

The Legacy Center also plays a key role in the other community-endorsed Legacy Initiative, the East End Area Revitalization, including the Isaac Murphy Memorial Art Garden. Isaac Mur-phy is considered one of the most successful jockeys of all time and the Legacy Trail links his honorary garden to his fi nal resting place alongside Man o’ War at the Kentucky Horse Park’s main entrance. The Legacy Center has created the link between these projects that showcases the rich history, diverse culture and unique landscape of the Bluegrass area.

Consultant Team

Strand Associates, Inc.CBA, Inc.2nd GlobeMACTECEHI Consultants

Stakeholder Participants

Survey Respondents

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Table of Contents Page

Acknowledgements 4Table of Contents 5List of Figures 6

Section I: Introduction 7 Introduction 9 Area of Study 9 Team 10 Process Summary 10 Public Meetings 11 Program 13

Section II: Feasibility Planning and Design 15 Site Inventory 17 Site Program 21 Proposed Alignment 22 Design Vocabulary 27 Preliminary Opinion of Probable Costs 37 Recommended Implementation Strategy 38

L ist of F igures Page

Part II: Feasibility Planning and Design 2.1 Final Alignment Map 23 2.2 Phase 1 Alignment Map 24 2.3 Trail Section A 24 2.4 Trail Section B 24 2.5 Trail Section C 24 2.6 Proposed Isaac Murphy Memorial 25 Art Garden Plan 2.7 Proposed Isaac Murphy Memorial 25 Art Garden Perspective 2.8 Mile Markers 28 2.9 Trail Signage 28 2.10 Urban Wayfi nding Element 28 2.11 Gateway Element 29 2.12 Trailhead Sign 29 2.13 Stonewall Option A 29 2.14 Stonewall Option B 29 2.15 Earthwork Option at Trailhead 30 2.16 Earthwork Option Along Trail 30 2.17 Limestone Interpretive Element 30 2.18 Trailhead Option A 31 2.19 Trailhead Option B 31 2.20 Urban Intersection Treatment Option A 31 2.21 Urban Intersection Treatment Option B 31 2.22 Adapted Lightpole 33 2.23 Golden Ratio Element 34 2.24 Interactive Spiral Springs 34 2.25 Metal and Limestone Interpretive Element 35 2.26 Limestone Horse Sculpture 35 2.27 Interactive Art Element 35 2.28 Lexmark Sculpture 36 2.29 Pedestrian Bridge Option 36 2.30 Preliminary Opinion of Probable 37 Construction Costs

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SECTION IIntroduction Introduction Area of Study Team Process Summary Pre-planning, Research & Program Development Site Inventory, Research & Analysis Stakeholder Input Public Meetings Program Theming Program Material Selection Earthworks

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INTRODUCTION

The Legacy Trail is a shared use trail connecting downtown Lexington, Kentucky to the Kentucky Horse Park located in rural northern Fayette County. Legacy Trail is one of several signifi cant, local projects slated to be complete for the 2010 Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games to be held in Lexington.

This initial phase of the project involved the preparation of a feasibility study to evaluate and determine the optimum trail alignment and de-velopment of the design vernacular. The feasibil-ity study also outlines the preliminary framework for trail elements to facilitate budgeting and implementation priorities

As directed by Lexington Fayette Urban County Government (LFUCG) and the local steering com-mittee, the program elements included opportu-nities highlighting the trail areas’ unique historical and cultural signifi cance, promoting education, environmental awareness and a public art pro-gram. A combination of local and state funding has been identifi ed to cover the implementation and construction of Maine Chance, Coldstream and Lexmark Trail sections slated to be complet-ed in late summer of 2010.

AREA OF STUDY

The total length of trail planned between the Horse Park and downtown is approximately 12.5 miles and consists of four distinct sections:

1. Maine Chance Section: An approxi-mate 4.4 mile section from Iron Works Pike south to bridge crossing near the Cane Run pump station.

2. Coldstream Section: An approximate1.8 mile section in the Coldstream Farm and Park from bridge crossing near the Cane Run pump station to Citation Boulevard at Newtown Pike.

3. Lexmark Section: An approximate 2.2 mile section traversing Lexmark’s property, along Newtown Pike to the North Lexington YMCA.

4. Downtown Section: • Short Term: From Loudon Avenue

to the future Isaac Murphy Memo-rial Art Garden via Jefferson Street and Third Street, approximately 2.3 miles.

• Long Term: From Loudon Av-enue, through an existing tunnel under Loudon Avenue, through the future Bluegrass Community Technical College campus. Long term routing will include a po-tential loop route via Third Street, Midland Avenue, Main Street and Jefferson Street while incor-porating the future Isaac Murphy Memorial Garden as a primary access node, approximately 4.1 miles in length.

5. Long term phases include bridges over Iron Works Pike, Newtown Pike and RJ Corman Railroad and connector trails to various neig-borhoods.

Lexington skyline from Iron Works Pike Kentucky Horse Park

Existing trail in Coldstream Park Downtown Lexington architecture

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TEAM

In the summer of 2008, LFUCG selected Strand Associates as the prime consultant for the Feasibil-ity Study. The Planning Team consisted of Strand Associates Inc., CBA, Inc., 2nd Globe, EHI Consul-tants, Inc., MACTEC and Preston-Osborne.

Strand Associates was responsible for the general project management, client contact, preliminary engineering considerations, coordination and assistance with the public input and presentations and coordination with the appropriate stakehold-ers and landowners.

CBA, Inc. led the planning and development of the trail alignment and design vernacular, and as-sisted with the public input, landowner discussions, probable cost estimation and phasing.

2nd Globe worked closely with CBA to develop concepts for several of the design elements and public art.

EHI assisted with the public outreach and provided preliminary engineering support related to planning and routing of the downtown section.

MACTEC was responsible for assessing the envi-ronmental impact of the trail, identifi cation of the cultural and historical impacts and geotechnical considerations.

Preston Osbourn in consultation with the Legacy Center has provided public relations, marketing and fundraising support for the overall trail initia-tive.

PROCESS SUMMARY

As identifi ed in the original proposal, the planning process for the Legacy Trail Feasibility Study in-volved a comprehensive approach. The project included three major phases:

Pre-planning, Research & Program Development

The primary work completed during this phase was an intensive series of stakeholder meetings. In addition, a presentation was made as part of a stakeholder luncheon, followed by a combina-tion public input session and promotional event, held on-site at Coldstream Park. The input session allowed the general public and special event participants to hear a presentation by the Strand Planning Team and to provide input to the team relative to the planning, design and environmen-tal considerations. The input collected served as basis for the development of a preliminary pro-gram of potential trail components and overall trail theme.

Site Inventory, Research & Analysis

The Strand Planning Team collected existing information relative to the study area including: current aerial photography, topography, prop-erty ownership, utilities, proposed development plans and road improvements, plans for the new downtown streetscape and future Isaac Murphy Memorial Art Garden. Plans for the proposed improvements to the Kentucky Horse Park and the current Coldstream Master Plan were also reviewed. Several meetings with Lexmark, Cold-stream, Maine Chance and Kentucky Horse Park representatives were held to learn about future planned improvements and to obtain input rel-evant to issues, ideas and concerns related to the planning, design and implementation of Legacy Trail. Several site visits were made to gain a de-tailed understanding of the existing physical con-ditions, site constraints and opportunities. Views, soils, fl oodways, accessibility, drainage, land use, land availability, street crossings, right-of-way widths and potential connectivity opportunities were also identifi ed.

Public Input Sign-In, January 13, 2009

Public Presentation, January 13, 2009

Public Input, January 13, 2009

Public Presentation, October 25, 2008

Stakeholder Input, October 23 & 24, 2008

Public Input, October 25, 2008

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Along with the input received at the fi rst pub-lic meeting, extensive research relative to the natural environment of the corridor and history of Lexington was conducted to begin assembling ideas for theming and design.

Stakeholder Input

8 Stakeholder meetings were conducted on Oc-tober 23-24, 2008 and included over 40 attend-ees. Comments obtained from these meetings are summarized as follows:

• Safety Concerns – Stakeholders would like to see the incorporation of mile markers, phone boxes, and trail security. Lighting was a heavily discussed option, however it was concluded that the addition of lighting would promote night use and could be dangerous. Some stakeholders were concerned about public safety due to routing near the Loudon Avenue/ Hope Center area.

• Environmental Concerns – A recurring topic at the meetings was the preferred trail material. The use of pervious pavement was suggested in multiple meetings.

• Art Incorporation and Trail Activities – The use of public art, educational signs, community gardens, amphitheaters, bike rental facilities, and rest areas were suggested. Several attendees wanted to incorporate local artists or child art along the trail and have an equestrian theme. A sister city park and fl agpoles were suggested to incorporate Lexington’s Sister Cities into the trail design.

• Trail Funding – Currently, $3 million has been secured for funding and two sections have yet to be funded.

• Connectivity – Connection to

existing and proposed neighborhoods and trails was a recurring comment from the meetings. Trail loops around businesses and connectivity to area colleges were recommended. Bus stop shelters would provide additional connectivity.

• Marketing and Trail Perception – The Legacy Center will play a large part in marketing the trail.

Public Input, October 25, 2008

Live Music at Public Input Session, Oct. 25, 2008

Public Input, October 25, 2008

PUBLIC MEETINGS

The fi rst Public Meeting hosted over 100 attendees and was held at Coldstream Park on October 25, 2008. This meeting included a brief overview of the project, games for children to play, and information stations available to answer questions. Comment cards were made available to every-one in attendance. A summary of comments are as follows:

• Theming and Design – The inclusion of artwork, integration with Spindletop Hall, and the integration of equestrian themed artwork into the trail were all suggestions from the public meeting. Specifi c sugges-tions were to include art kiosks, bike rental facilities, restaurants, and community gardens along the trail.

• Accessibility and Connectivity – Several attendees were glad to see the trail provided a connection between downtown and the existing Coldstream Trail but wanted to see connectivity to more trails and neighborhoods. The general consensus was that the connection to most residential areas and communities would be an asset to the trail.

• Environmental Concerns – The incorpora-tion of permeable pavement, educational signs, and trash cans were some recurring environmental concerns from attendees.

• Safety and Security – Public safety sug-gestions included emergency telephones along the trail and avoiding high traffi c areas.

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A second Public Meeting was held at the Lexington Northside YMCA on January 13, 2009 and was a huge success with over 200 citizens, business owners, and community stakeholders in attendance. Public comments from the meeting were obtained by comment cards and from questions asked at each of four stations. Some of the recurring comments are as follows:

• Theming and Design – Whether in agreement or opposition, the inclusion of art and amenities along the trail is a community concern. Most of the feedback was in strong agreement to include artwork, restroom facilities, and water fountains. However, some citizens fear that too much art and too many amenities will slow the trail completion.

• Accessibility and Connectivity – Many attendees wanted to see connection to other trails and neighborhoods.

• Alignment and Routing – There seemed to be opposition to routing the trail along East Third Street due to heavy traffi c fl ow.

• Environmental Concerns – Pervious concrete or asphalt and the addition of native trees and grasses were recurring public suggestions from the meeting.

• Safety and Security – Safety around Coolavin Park and The Hope Center is a public concern, as well as the mixture of vehicular traffi c and bicyclist’s down town. Several citizens wanted to see trail lighting for safety reasons.

Public Art Example

Stormwater ChannelExample

Public Meeting, October 25, 2008

Public Bike Ride, October 25, 2008

Public Presentation, October 25, 2008

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Earthform Example

Amphitheater

PROGRAM

As an initial step in determination of the trail align-ment and theme, the Strand Planning Team held a design charette at the CBA offi ces in Indianap-olis. The input from the stakeholder and public meetings were categorized, analyzed and priori-tized. The charrette culminated into the following series of preliminary recommendations:

Theming

• Equestrian• Geologic History • Historical Bluegrass Cultured Landscape• Royal Spring Aquifer/Groundwater

Protection Area• Environmental Sustainability• Education• Health and Well-Being• Art• Connectivity• Sister Cities

Program

• Vehicle and Bicycle Parking• Public Art• Public Restrooms• Interpretive Education • Amphitheater• Handicap Accessibility• Rest Areas• Recycling• Public Safety and Security Measures• Community Gardens• Earthworks utilizing excess topsoil• Emergency access• Connectivity to adjacent public and

commercial facilities• Buffered and secured areas along

Maine Chance section• Elevated views

Material Selection

• Limestone• Black Four-Plank Horse Fencing• Permeable Pavement• Native Plant materials• Recycled Products

Earthworks• Berms at Rest Areas• Screening Elements Along Trail

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SECTION I IFeasibility Planning and Design Site Inventory Land Ownership Existing Utilities Environmental Impacts Future Infi ll & Redevelopment Plans Permiting Requirements Existing Landscape Character Site Program Proposed Alignment Design Vocabulary Seating Signage Mile Markers Wayfi nding/Directional Signage Trailheads Gateways Stone Fences Limestone Interpretive Element Trailheads/Rest Areas & Interpretive Nodes Amphitheater Urban Intersection Treatment Plantings Lighting Pedestrian Bridges Public Art Preliminary Opinion of Probable Costs Recommended Implementation Strategy Phasing Steering Committee

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SITE INVENTORY

Land Ownership

The proposed corridor for the Legacy Trail offers advantages by minimizing the number of adja-cent, impacted properties extending between the Kentucky Horse Park and Downtown. The major land owners include:

• Commonwealth of Kentucky (Spindletop Research Park) • University of Kentucky (North and Coldstream Farms) • Rosenstein Development at Newtown Springs • Lexmark • North Lexington YMCA • CSX Abandoned Rail Corridor • LFUCG • Hope Center, Incorporated • Eastern State / Bluegrass Community Technical College (BCTC) • Bluegrass Regional Mental Health • Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice

Meetings have been held with several of the above land owners with emphasis on those im-pacted by construction of the Phase 1 and Phase 2 short term segments. In each case, the Legacy Trail has been perceived positively. Other proper-ty owners impacted by longer term segments will need to be contacted at the appropriate time to initiate dialogue on site specifi c concerns, as these phases are implemented.

The Maine Chance and Coldstream Trail Seg-ments primarily traverse through properties owned by the University of Kentucky (UK) and Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government (LFUCG). Though UK has been restrictive in several areas through Maine Chance Farm due to its agricul-tural experimentation mission, they have been open to discussion and receptive to the trail in determining acceptable alignment and design standards.

The Lexmark Trail Segment traverses properties owned by Rosenstein Development, Lexmark and the North Lexington YMCA. As a critical stakeholder, Lexmark perceives the Legacy Trail as an asset to their employees and the commu-

nity and has been open to discussions regarding alignment options and trail amenities. The North Lexington YMCA is very supportive of the Legacy Trail and is interested in hosting a trailhead.

Initially, easements will be developed for the Spindletop Research Park, UK, Newtown Springs, Lexmark, and the North Lexington YMCA proper-ties. The Downtown Trail Segment will be con-structed primarily within existing rights-of-way where possible to minimize the signifi cant expense of right-of-way acquisition and impact to private properties. An abandoned rail corridor owned by the CSX Corporation is under consideration for a short section of this trail segment which could be funded through the Rails-to-Trails grant program.

Existing Utilities

Existing and proposed utilities will play a signifi -cant role in making the Legacy Trail aesthetically pleasing and safe. The placement of uniquely designed street lights in the downtown area will provide a safer environment for bicyclists and pedestrians and accentuate the Legacy Trail corridor. The stone pylon could also provide trail lighting in support of the unique vernacular pro-posed for the corridor.

Current storm sewer infrastructure will need to be upgraded in certain areas to meet the Ameri-cans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines and AASHTO Design Standards. These guidelines can be met by selective placement of structures at intersections with a grating perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel and grate openings approximately one half inch wide. Special at-tention will be given to any sewer, water and gas lines located in the trail corridor. The trail will be routed to avoid an existing gas line at the north end of Maine Chance Farm near the Spindletop Research Park.

Existing overhead utilities detract from the quality of a trail environment. Burying existing utility lines is often expensive, but provides a measurable improvement to the trail’s aesthetics. However, if burial of services is not an option, screening and enhancement can be provided by using a com-bination of plantings.

North Lexington YMCA Outdoor Pavilion

Lexmark Campus at Newtown Pike

Coldstream Park

Spindletop Research Park Entrance

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Environmental Impacts

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) re-quires federal agencies and entities receiving fed-eral funds to follow a systematic environmental review process. An environmental assessment is being undertaken along the Legacy Trail corridor. This review is being conducted in accordance with requirements set forth by the Kentucky De-partment of Transportation, National Historic Pres-ervation Act, Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, and The Department of Transportation Act Sec-tion 4(f). As part of the review process, potential impacts of the proposed project are researched and include a review of the following areas: social issues, economic issues, air quality, noise, water bodies and water quality, threatened and endan-gered species, historic preservation, hazardous waste sites, construction and visual impacts.

Specifi c to the Legacy Trail, issues anticipated at this time may include the potential presence of endangered species within the corridor (run-ning buffalo clover, Indiana bat, gray bat), the potential presence of historic resources (historic artifacts, archaeologic consideration, and/or historic structures) and construction in the vicinity of waterways. Except for the presence of running buffalo clover, potential impacts can be alleviat-ed primarily through engineering controls. Engi-neering controls will involve mitigation techniques including:

• Erosion control and silt fencing to avoid impacts to water quality and disturbance of foraging areas used by bat species • Timely and selective removal of trees (if necessary) to avoid nesting seasons • Adaptive work practices limiting construction work hours to avoid disturbance of any bat species

If running buffalo clover is determined to be present through positive identifi cation during the fl owering season, diversion of the trail in small segments may be necessary. If historic artifacts are discovered, assessment and recovery may be necessary.

With regard to historic structures and historic over-lays in the downtown area, an assessment will be

made to ensure historic structures are not impact-ed by the project and the trail is constructed in accordance with guidelines and requirements of historic overlay regulations.

As part of the Consent Decree with the USEPA, LFUCG has agreed to a Supplemental Environ-mental Project (SEP) along Cane Run Creek in Coldstream Park. The SEP area is an approximate 0.8 mile long stretch of Cane Run Creek between Citation Boulevard and Interstate 64/75. The pri-mary goals of the SEP is to reduce fl ooding poten-tial and pollutant loadings on Cane Run Creek, enhance recreational and education opportuni-ties with the Urban Service Area and promote future water quality initiatives. The requirements of the SEP indicate that green infrastructure con-cepts shall be incorporated into trail design ele-ments to be responsive to the environment within the SEP area. These green infrastructure concepts include pervious pavements, bioswales, and the restoration of native plant species within the trail corridor.

Future Infi ll and Redevelopment Plans

Future redevelopment plans have been con-sidered to create an effective long term plan to compliment the future potential for infi ll and redevelopment. Infi ll and redevelopment oppor-tunities include:

• Isaac Murphy Memorial Art Garden Legacy Initiative • Third Street Corridor East End Small Area Plan • Downtown Streetscape Master Plan • Newtown Pike Gateway Corridor Development • Bluegrass Community Technical College • Rosenstein Development at Newtown Springs • Eastern State Hospital • Coldstream Research Park Master Plan • Spindletop Research Park • Kentucky Horse Park

The proposed alignment and design should com-pliment and leverage these future initiatives to enhance the Legacy Trail experience by provid-ing connection to key destination points

Permitting Requirements

The Legacy Trail project will require the follow-ing permits from the Kentucky Division of Water (KDOW), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KTC) and the Lexington Fayette Urban County Gov-ernment (LFUCG):

• KDOW Floodplain Construction Permit • KDOW Section 401 Water Quality Certifi cate • KDOW KPDES Stormwater Permit • ACOE Form 4345 (Pre-construction Permit) • ACOE Section 404 Permit • ACOE Nationwide Permits No. 12, 14, and 29 • FEMA Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) and Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) • LFUCG grading permit • KTC Right-of-Way Encroachment Permits

KDOW requires fl oodplain construction permits for proposed bridges or stream crossings. The fl oodplain permit allows construction and other activities in the 100-year fl oodplain of all streams in the commonwealth. KDOW will also require a water quality certifi cation (Section 401 Permit) for any activities which result in physical disturbances to wetlands or streams. In addition, a stream crossing permit (Section 404) may be required in conjunction with the water quality certifi cation permit. The Section 401 and Section 404 permits are necessary for stream relocations, road cross-ings, stream bank protection, grading, placing fi ll, dredging, or ditching. A Kentucky KPDES General Permit for Stormwater Point Sources is also required by KDOW. The KPDES permit is an

Southbound approach to Lexmark bridge crossing

Abandoned Railway corridor at Coolavin Park

Intersection of West Third and Broadway Streets

Kentucky Horse Park main entrance

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The Coldstream Section is similar in landscape character to Maine Chance. This section of trail runs through the Coldstream Research Park. This section of trail corridor appears to be rural, how-ever long term character will shift to a suburban appearance as the business park develops. A large majority of this landscape is wide open grassland with wooded areas along Cane Run Creek. As the trail corridor crosses Citation Bou-levard and Newtown Pike, the landscape char-acter becomes predominantly suburban. Views are wide and expansive, fl anked by a variety of commercial uses.

Rural character of Fayette County

Lexmark property at New Circle Road

YMCA property Downtown Lexington

Stream crossing in Coldstream Park

erosion and sediment control permit for sites over one acre.

ACOE requires that a Form 4345 permit be fi led if there will be any disturbance to the soil or sub-strate of a wetland or body of water, including a stream bed and is required regardless of whether the work is permanent or temporary. It is a pre-construction permit and the Legacy Trail Project will likely require nationwide permits from the ACOE. The nationwide permits are required for linear transportation projects, utility line activities, and residential developments. A CLOMR/LOMR may also be required by FEMA if the project will affect the hydrologic or hydraulic characteristics of a fl ooding source and thus result in the modi-fi cation of the existing regulatory fl oodway, the ef-fective Base Flood Elevations, or the Special Flood Hazard Area as outlined by the FEMA guidelines. LFUCG requires a grading permit be obtained for any sites that require grading work. Right-of-Way encroachment permits may also be required by the state or governmental agency within the areas proposed for the trail.

Existing Landscape Character

The Legacy Trail corridor is comprised of three landscape types:

• Rural• Suburban• Urban

The section of trail corridor through Maine Chance Farm consists of gentle rolling topogra-phy, open meadows, farm fi elds, wooded lots, fl oodplains and stream corridors. The northern end of the corridor includes the Spindletop Research Park soccer fi elds, fl ood plain, and wooded areas along the existing stream corridor. A large portion of the Maine Chance Trail runs through the Uuni-versity of Kentucky’s (UK) College of Agriculture research property, including the UK Entomology Research Area just north of the Vulcan Materi-als quarry. An area of increased sensitivity is the Strangles Barn research area north and east of the Vulcan Materials quarry. The overall character of the Maine Chance Trail corridor is rural, consist-ing of wide and expansive views.

Transylvania University

Henry Clay’s Law Offi ce

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The Lexmark section of the trail is predominantly suburban in character. The corridor runs through wooded areas along Cane Run Creek. As the trail corridor moves out of the Cane Run Creek corridor and crosses New Circle Road, the sur-rounding landscape consists of manicured lawn, trees and the Lexmark parking lot areas. The trail continues through the North Lexington YMCA property, which is primarily open lawn and park-ing lots.

Along Jefferson Street as the trail approaches downtown Lexington, the surrounding landscape becomes urban in character. Historic sites are in close proximity to the trail corridor in several loca-tions. Existing on-street parking in several areas along the corridor restricts the trail to existing side-walks for pedestrians and roadways for cyclists. The views are generally restricted by the buildings. Occasional views open up at existing park loca-tions. Existing trees and homeowner and business landscapes provide visual interest along the cor-ridor. Currently, there are no designated bicycle facilities within the existing right-of-ways in the downtown area.

Kentucky Horse Park

Spindletop Hall

Historic landmark in downtown Lexington

Historic landmark in downtown Lexington

Spindletop Research Park

A primary element of any successful trail is its abil-ity to provide connection. The following parks, businesses, historic/cultural assets and natural fea-tures are adjacent to the proposed trail corridor.

• Kentucky Horse Park and campground • Future Isaac Murphy Memorial Art Garden • Spindletop Research Park and Hall • Transylvania University • Lexington Historic Districts • 3rd Street East End Redevelopment • Lexmark • Vulcan Materials Quarry • Coldstream Research Park • Coldstream Park / Greenway • North Lexington YMCA • The Hope Center • Courthouse Square • Marriot Courtyard Inn • Adjacent Public Parks • Newtown Springs Commercial Center • Bluegrass Regional Mental Health • Bluegrass Community Technical College • Collegetown Corridor • Lexington Entertainment District

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SITE PROGRAM

The following program outlines a comprehensive list of proposed trail elements to be considered as current and future funding allows.

Trailhead adjacent to Iron Works Pike• Parking for 15-20 vehicles• Seating• Litter receptacle• Bicycle parking• Accent Lighting• Main Entrance Sign• Kiosk signage with trail rules, hours,

emergency information• Restroom facilities• Drinking fountain• Landscape plantings

Trail node and access spur to Spindletop HallTrail node and access spur to Kentucky Horse Park

Enhancement of existing Coldstream Trailhead • Enhance existing parking (20 spaces)• Seating• Litter receptacle• Additional Bicycle parking• Kiosk signage with trail rules, hours,

emergency information• Landscape plantings

Trailhead at the North Lexington YMCA• Seating• Litter receptacle• Additional Bicycle parking• Kiosk signage with trail rules, hours,

emergency information• Landscape plantings• Accent lighting

Trailhead near the Future Isaac Murphy Memorial Art Garden

• Parking for 6-8 vehicles• Bench seating• Litter receptacle• Bicycle parking• Kiosk signage with trail rules, hours,

emergency information• Landscape plantings

Enhancement of the existing Lexmark bridge over New Circle Road

• Modifi cation of typ. roadway section• Enhancement of existing sidewalk

width to accommodate the trail• Upgrade railing system

6 Major Road Crossings• Iron Works Pike• Newtown Pike at Citation Boulevard• Lexmark entrance drive - 2 locations• Lexmark access drive• East Loudon Avenue• 3rd Street

Enhancements to existing crosswalks in the down-town trail corridor complying to ADA standards

• Pavement enhancements through use of contrasting materials (i.e. pav-ers, integral color-scored concrete, etc.)

• Enhanced sidewalk nodes at each end of the crosswalks (i.e. pavers, integral color-scored concrete, etc.)

• Enhanced Pavement Nodes• Dedicated and shared use bike lanes

1 Active Railroad Crossing

Enhancement of existing tunnel crossing atInterstate 64/75

5 Cane Run Creek Crossings

4 Public Art Element/Interpretive Signage Nodes

Decorative Pylons along Newtown Pike

4 Rest Areas

Mile Markers - TBD

1 Earthwork Enhancement Area

Limestone Evolution Interpretive Area

Visual Screening/Fencing between the trail and the UK Research Areas

Gratz park in downtown Lexington

Active railroad crossing at West Loudon Avenue

Interpretive sign in Coldstream Park Bark Park in Coldstream Park

Intersection of 3rd and Limestone

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Improved connections to the following:• Coolavin Park• Gratz Park• Charles Young Park• Phoenix Park• Triangle Park• Courthouse Square

Amphitheatre

Locations for Public Art

PROPOSED ALIGNMENT

The Legacy Trail corridor is approximately 12.5 miles in length and is oriented northwest to south-east from Iron Works Pike to downtown Lexington. The length of the corridor, inclusive of the pro-posed downtown loop, is approximately 12 miles. The corridor consists of the following 4 sections:

• Maine Chance Section• Coldstream Section• Lexmark Section• Downtown Section

Maine Chance SectionLength: approx. 4.4 miles

The northern terminus of the trail will be located at a trailhead adjacent to Ironworks Pike near the Kentucky Horse Park. A future pedestrian bridge over Iron Works Pike is planned to acco-modate connectivity to the Kentucky Horse Park campgrounds. The trail will extend through the Spindletop Research Park with a connection to Spindletop Hall occurring south of the Research Park. A trail loop adjacent to the soccer fi elds and existing pond feature has been identifi ed. The trail will cross Cane Run Creek near the pro-posed connection point for Spindletop Hall at a major stream confl uence and will cross back over Cane Run Creek at the southeast corner of the UK Entomology Research Area. A rest area is pro-posed at this location. An overlook possibility has been discussed at the Cane Run crossing north of the UK Entomology Research Site. The trail will

follow Cane Run Creek to a location northeast of the Vulcan Materials Quarry, cross the creek and the adjacent farm fi eld, to the east side of the Vulcan Materials Quarry. The trail will continue along the east side of the quarry until it reaches the Interstate 64/75 corridor. Here, the trail will turn east and follow the edge of the interstate corridor to the existing tunnel. The limestone evolution trail element (see page 28) is planned for the high ground between the quarry and the tunnel. The trail will turn south and run underneath I-64/75 to the bridge crossing near the Cane Run pump sta-tion. A possible future connection to the Belmont Farms Neighborhood adjacent to Coldstream has been identifi ed.

Coldstream SectionLength: approx. 1.8 miles

The trail will continue into Coldstream Farm and Park. At Cane Run Creek the trail will follow the creek corridor south to Citation Boulevard. Con-nections with the Coldstream Park trails and exist-ing neighborhoods are planned. Enhancements to the existing trail access and parking area are planned, see page 23 for trail amenity locations. At the bridge over Cane Run Creek the trail will follow Citation Boulevard to the Newtown Pike intersection in short term, and cross into Lexmark section of the trail corridor. Connections to High-lands Park and the Coldstream Station Neighbor-hood have been identifi ed. A future trail route along Cane Run Creek to Newtown Pike with a connection to Oakwood Park has been identifi ed. A future pedestrian bridge over Newtown Pike is planned just north of where Cane Run Creek runs underneath Newtown Pike.

Lexmark SegmentLength: approx. 2.2 miles

The trail will connect to the east side of Newtown Pike, and south to the Lexmark property. A pos-sible future connection to MLK and Green Acres Parks along Citation Boulevard through Newtown Springs Development is proposed. The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KTC) has been consulted to plan for a new pedestrian bridge over New-town Pike just north of the Cane Run crossing. At the Lexmark property the trail extends east and

follows Cane Run Creek to the frisbee golf course. The trail will cross the creek and roadway and follow the west side of the roadway to the exist-ing vehicular bridge over New Circle Road. This bridge will be improved to accommodate the trail. As part of KYTC’s plans for New Circle Road, this bridge will be upgraded and replaced in the future. The trail will follow the access roadway around the front of Lexmark’s property and cross their entrance drive. Future routing will cross Loudon through an existing tunnel and traverse the future BCTC property. The trail will paral-lel Newtown Pike to the North Lexington YMCA property. A future trail route along the east side of Newtown Pike to the 3rd Street intersection with a possible connection to Douglas Park has been identifi ed. The trail will traverse the north and east sides of the YMCA property and a trailhead will be located adjacent to the existing parking areas. The trail will cross West Loudon Avenue near the existing railroad crossing, cross the active railroad corridor and follow East Loudon Avenue to the abandoned railroad corridor northeast of the Hope Center. Optional trail routes around the Hope Center and through Coolavin Park have been identifi ed. The trail will follow the aban-doned railroad corridor south along the east side of Coolavin Park. At 4th Street the trail will turn east to Jefferson Street and will transition into downtown Lexington. Short term routing for Lex-

Stream crossing in Coldstream Park

Tunnel crossing at I-64/75

World FEI Equestrian Games Headquarters

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Bridge at Lexmark property

Figure 2.1: Final Alignment Map

Final Alignment Map

Abandoned railroad near Coolavin Park Coolavin Park - Bike Polo Facility Intersection at West Third St. and North Broadway

Maine Chance Segment Coldstream Segment Lexmark Segment Downtown Segment

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Figure 2.2: Phase 1 Alignment Map

Figure 2.3: Trail Section A Figure 2.4: Trail Section B Figure 2.5: Trail Section C

A’ A

B’

B

C’

C

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mark will stop at Loudon in front of the YMCA.

Downtown SegmentLength: West Loudon Avenue to future Isaac Murphy Memorial Art Garden along Jefferson and Third Street: 2.3 milesWest Loudon Avenue through downtown inclusive of proposed loop: 4.1 miles

The proposed downtown route will utilize a combination of existing sidewalk and available right of way width. The route will follow Loudon Avenue, through an existing tunnel under Loudon Avenue and through the future Bluegrass Community Technical College campus. The trial will follow Newtown Pike and head towards downtown on 3rd Street. The trail corridor will run east along 3rd Street along the Transylvania University frontage and connect to the future Isaac Murphy Memorial Art Garden. The trail will then continue south adjacent to Charles Young Park along Midland Avenue to Main Street. Here the trail will run west along Main Street to Jefferson Street and north along Jefferson Street to 3rd Street, to close the downtown loop. An optional north-south trail connection has been identifi ed for Limestone Street. Connections to the following destinations have been identifi ed:

• Gratz Park • Triangle Park• Charles Young Park • Courthouse Square• Thoroughbred Park• Big Sandy Rail Trail• Phoenix Park• Newtown Pike Gateway• Town Branch Trail

Figure 2.6: Proposed Isaac Murphy Memorial Art Garden PlanImage Courtesy of LFUCG Division of Parks and RecreationImage Author: M2D

Figure 2.7: Proposed Isaac Murphy Memorial Art Garden PerspectiveImage Courtesy of LFUCG Division of Parks and Recreation and Design WorksImage Author: M2D

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Iron Works Pike Spindletop Hall

UK Entomology Research Area

Stream crossing in Maine Chance

North Lexington YMCA

The images on these pages depict the existing conditions in and around the proposed Legacy Trail corridor.

Coldstream Park

Intersection at North Upper and West Short St. Historic Courthouse History Museum

Trail corridor adjacent to Vulcan Materials

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DESIGN VOCABULARY

Consistency in the design vernacular for Legacy Trail will be established to maintain a strong vi-sual and physical connection and unique visual character. The trail extends through a myriad of environments ranging from built environment in downtown Lexington to the rural agricultural areas surrounding the north terminus of the trail. Attention to detail, quality materials, and context sensitive design serve to create a trail that time-less and sustainable. It is this design approach and attention to details that make the difference between a trail that becomes a tourism destina-tion and one that does not.

The design character of Legacy Trail is inspired by the unique characteristics of the City of Lexington and the surrounding region. Many unique as-pects of Lexington can be traced to the geologic origins of limestone in the Bluegrass Region. The strong thoroughbred and equestrian heritage in Lexington can be traced back to the high calci-um content in the grass derived from the underly-ing limestone strata. Limestone is linked to several other traditions in Lexington such as the dry laid stone features found throughout the region. Giv-en the signifi cant relationship to the development and growth of Lexington physically, culturally and economically, the use of limestone was chosen as an underlying design theme for Legacy Trail. The use of a theme throughout the entire trail length serves to strengthen the visual and physical con-nection between the rural and urban portions of the trail. Limestone is recommended for use in facades, tunnels, art elements, bridges, and any other trail related element.

Design elements found in Legacy Trail include:

• Seating• Bicycle racks• Signage and Wayfi nding elements• Interpretive education elements • Public art

These proposed elements are incorporated around trail heads, rest areas, and major cross-ings.

Blasted face limestone in Coldstream Park

Quarried limestone

Stone Fence

Proposed bike racks

Natural limestone outcroppings

Limestone seatwalls

Historic dry stone bridge

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Seating

Seating types vary throughout the trail from formal benches in the urban core to natural limestone slabs and seat walls in the rural landscape. Seat walls could serve a dual purpose, as an interpre-tive element incorporating time capsules, edu-cational elements, signage and wayfi nding. Low dry stone seat walls could also act as an informal resting point for trail users. Stone fences in vary-ing heights can help reinforce favorable views or screen others.

SignageProposed signage along Legacy Trail celebrates the limestone heritage and dry laid stone walls and rock fences found throughout Lexington. A hierarchy of signs, clearly convey relevant infor-mation to trail users. Signage types include:

• Mile markers• Wayfi nding/Directional Signage• Trail access identifi cation• Gateways• Interpretive education• General information

Mile Markers

Historically, trails were marked using stone found on site. These stones, stacked in a cone shape, were called cairns, and placed at regular inter-vals allowing trail users to identify trail routes. This early form of wayfi nding will be conveyed through the use of dry stone mile markers in rural portions of Legacy Trail. As the trail extends toward the ur-ban core, the cairns become more refi ned, urban in character and double as seating.

Wayfi nding/Directional Signage

Dry laid stone columns are proposed as markers identifying the trail and providing general infor-mation. The stone columns are larger than the mile markers, but sized to preserve the natural appearance of the landscape. The use of dry laid native limestone correlates with the existing vernacular of the existing stone fences lining the Lexington countryside.

Figure 2.8: Mile Markers

Cairn Typical trail mile marker Historical marker signage in downtown Lexington

Directional sign in Cold-stream Park

Figure 2.9: Trail signage Figure 2.10: Urban wayfi nding element

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Trailheads

These signs are larger and constructed of the same materials as the mile markers and direction-al signs. These signs contain relevant trail informa-tion such as maps, hours and trail rules.The trailhead sign consists of a short stone seat wall fl anking a large pylon. Attached to the stone pylon is a glass light column and informational panel. The materials create visual interest to the trail user drawing attention to relevant information regarding trail use.

Gateways

Large gateway elements create a sense of place and arrival for both trail users and passersby. These gateway elements are larger in scale, with banners, light columns and panels that could be used for interpretive education or general infor-mation purpose.

Stone Fences

Stone fences are an integral part of Lexington’s heritage and are included as a major design element along Legacy Trail. The dry laid stone fences will be incorporated throughout the rural portions of the trail at trailheads and rest areas. The use of stone fences will serve to frame favor-able views, art elements, and the natural land-scape.

The traditional dry laid stone fences are modifi ed in parts of the Legacy Trail to incorporate educa-tional elements. These elements include interpre-tive panels built into the walls to tell the history and origins of the walls found in Lexington today.

Figure 2.11: Gateway element Figure 2.12: Trailhead sign

Figure 2.13: Stone Wall Option A

Figure 2.14: Stone Wall Option B

Time Capsule

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Figure 2.17: Limestone Interpretive Element

Figure 2.15: Earthwork Option at Trailhead Figure 2.16: Earthwork Option Along Trail

Limestone Interpretive Element

In celebrating the limestone heritage of Lexing-ton, a proposed man-made interpretive feature will map the evolution of limestone found in the built environment. The feature, approximately 200’ in length, begins with natural limestone outcroppings on a large mound. The outcrop-pings could be used to climb or for seating. The next step of the feature exhibits a blasted face limestone edge similar to those found on the roadsides and quarries. Large limestone boulders make up the next stage and provide seating as well as climbing features. The raw limestone boul-ders are followed by a refi ned dry laid stone wall and column as the end post.

This interpretive feature tells the story of the limestone harvesting process. The outcroppings and boulders add seating and provide a place to climb up for a better view of the surrounding area. Earthworks

During the construction of the Legacy Trail, large amounts of earth will be excavated to provide for the trail base. This fi ll can be used in several ways along the trail to save the cost of hauling it off site. Berms constructed from this fi ll are located along the trail to provide a visual screen from adjacent sensitive areas. Rest areas also incorperate berm-ing as a visual feature and seating element.

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Trailheads, Rest Areas and Interpretive Nodes

Design vocabulary for nodes along the trail draw inspiration from the natural and built environment in Lexington. Dry laid stone fences are incorpo-rated to reinforce the underlying design theme. Native, low maintenance plantings compliment the stone fences to create and enhance the rest areas and interpretive spaces. Trailheads are used primarily as access to the trail but often host other features such as public art exhibits and educational elements. Signage and information about the trail is found at trailheads along with seating and other site furnishings. As a primary gathering point for trail users, the space is designed to be fl exible to accommodate a variety of uses.

The design of the trailhead serves to maximize views while creating quiet spaces to rest and en-joy. Dry stone fences and plantings are proposed to frame public art, the landscape, and other fa-vorable views. Planting schemes in the trailheads draw inspiration from the agricultural patterns of the landscape from an aerial perspective. In keeping with the existing Kentucky landscape, allees of shade trees fl ank the trail to provide shade, canopy, and a sense of enclosure.

AmphitheaterAn amphitheater is proposed to provide for a variety of different activities. The amphitheater could be programmed to host events including art shows, presentations, educational classes, concerts, picnicking and more. Located in Cold-stream Park near Cane Run Creek and Citation Boulevard, the amphitheater takes advantage of existing topography, access, and views out towards the rolling Kentucky landscape. The size of the amphitheater will accomodate approxi-mately 40 to 60 people.

Urban Intersection TreatmentsLexington’s urban growth boundary and de-velopment guidelines provide a stark transition between the dense urban core and the rural countryside. The tight R.O.W. of the downtown area creates a major challenge in incorporat-ing the Legacy Trail into the urban core. Right of way widths are narrow and existing sidewalk and parking conditions leave minimal space for an

Figure 2.18: Trailhead Option A

Figure 2.19: Trailhead Option B

Figure 2.20: Urban Intersection Treatment Option A

Figure 2.21: Urban Intersection Treatment Option B

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urban trail route. Complex design solutions must be incorporated to address these conditions and create a safe route throughout the downtown core. Measures taken to reduce confl ict include:

• Crosswalk pavement enhancement• Increased signage • Intersection enhancements• Changes to parking• Sharrows• Visual cues

Typical urban intersections include wayfi nding markers, interpretive signage, seating, enhanced pavement, and plantings. The wayfi nding mark-ers in the urban section are larger so trail users can easily identify the trail route. The wayfi nding markers could include historical references, trail facts, and local places of interest. The place-ment of seating, pavement enhancement and plantings create outdoor rooms for trail users and pedestrians to rest and congregate. All urban intersections should comply to current ADA stan-dards and guidelines.

Plantings

Plantings included on the Legacy Trail are mostly native perennial plants to reduce maintenance costs and enhance the existing landscape. Swaths of native grasses in conjunction with color-ful perennials will add color, textural and seasonal interest. Large but limited plant massings create striking visual interest along the trail. Shrubbery, ornamental, evergreen and shade trees are pro-posed to provide a variety of color and texture while screening undesirable views and framing desirable ones.

Areas of the trail require screening due to pri-vacy and safety issues. Plant selection creates thick screens through use of coniferous trees and shrubs. Deciduous trees are placed in trailheads and along the trail route for many reasons. The use of trees strengthens certain sightlines and blocks unfavorable views. Trees also create inti-mate spaces with a pleasant microclimate during warm summer months.

Native/Ornamental Grasses Perennial plant palette

Allee of treesPerennial plant palette

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Figure 2.22: Adapted Lightpole

Pedestrian Bridge

ADA Accessible Ramp to Pedestrian Bridge

Stream Crossing Pedestrian Bridge

The plant palette is limited to reinforce the con-nection of different sections of the trail. Consis-tency in plant material strengthens the overall character of the trail and reduces maintenance. Native plantings contribute a large portion of the overall plant palette due to their low main-tenance, high survival rate, and regional signifi -cance.

Lighting

Lighting along the trail will be limited for cost rea-sons and to discourage use of the trail after dark. Some trailhead signs and the stone pylons use lighting as a technique to draw interest. Several existing light poles could be modifi ed to include the Legacy Trail logo. Lighting near the Hope Center and Coolavin Park can be implemented for safety reasons.

Pedestrian Bridges

Pedestrian bridges will be located at every stream crossing. These bridges will be designed to accomodate emergency vehicles. Pedetrian bridges may be proposed at major street cross-ings to alleviate confl icts between vehicular traf-fi c and trail users. Bridges located at major street crossings will act as a gateway element into the City of Lexington and should be designed to act as a major focal point and landmark. All bridges implemented should comply to current ADA stan-dards.

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Figure 2.23 Golden Ratio Element

Figure 2.24: Interactive Spiral Springs

Public Art

The educational aspects of the elements de-signed for Legacy Trail move beyond their artistic, aesthetic, and interactive purposes. They are intended to be interpretive expansions of the trail without a guide emphasizing their geometric aspect over their other purposes.

They are intended to please without the viewer knowing their geometric magic. They are in-tended to stimulate curiosity that may not be answered until much later when they see some-thing about the geometry at school, in a book, museum, movie, or television show. This type of delayed discovery is important to the work.

1. The Fibonacci Sequence Interactive Ground Piece

• The building of spirals can be easily done with the use of a stick or metal pin, a string, and a piece of chalk attached to the string. The instructor or parent can dem-onstrate how the Fibonacci Sequence of numbers leads to a very close approxima-tion of the golden ratio by letting students or children draw consecutive arcs from the corner to corner, completing a spiral.

• There can be designs of plants, shells, etc. that occur in nature to show the connec-tion of math with living things.

• Seating should be included around the perimeter–as a place to rest and a com-fortable place to sit while viewing the art.

• The colors will come from colored stone and recycled glass in outdoor terrazzo. The numbers can be done in either tiles or stainless steel inserts into terrazzo.

• The dark buff-colored squares where the arcs will be drawn are to be made of indigenous limestone.

2. The Golden Ratio Spiral

• Connecting with the Fibonacci Sequence, the spirals will draw people off the trail to observe the true spiral based on Phi (the ratio of 1 to .618…) and to interact with the springs.

• The colors will come from colored stone and recycled glass in terrazzo.

• The springs in the corners show plant-like manifestations of the golden ratio.

3. The Interactive Spiral Springs (adult and child sizes)

• It’s a big win to get adults to use play-ground equipment in a public space.

• Kids always know what to do with unusual playground pieces; their discovery is the reward of these of these pieces.

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Figure 2.25 Metal and Limestone Interpretive Element

Figure 2.27 Interactive Art Element

Figure 2.26 Limestone Horse Sculpture

6. The Bulldozer Horse

• It is nodding to Vulcan Materials and will be made out of Limestone.

• A sturdy industrial form – made of layers of limestone sitting on steel tracks resembling the machinery that extracts it.

• This tribute to the workhorse, the Clydes-

dales being the most famous example, is another toy/sculpture.

• It demonstrates the contrasting purposes horses have been adapted to serve. It might be good to create a sculpture the size of the ancestor of all horses–which is about the size of an average dog–as an exhibit of how animals evolve.

• In the Fertile Crescent, horses played a pivotal role in establishing civilization. They helped make agriculture effi cient enough to allow hunter-gatherers to establish permanent villages. Not all people had to gather food each day so humans were free to develop new skills.

7. Bluegrass Horse

• The base is formed to resemble studies done of the geological formations under Lexington.

• From the limestone – minerals permeate the soils into the bluegrass, horses then graze on the bluegrass and gain large amounts of calcium. This results in strong bones and world-class horses.

4. The Kite and Dart Ground Pattern in Golden Ratio Spiral

• Part of the golden ratio spiral or a sepa-rate installation, this beautiful trail expan-sion is called the Kite and Dart.

• What appears to be a decorative design element is actually a sophisticated math phenomenon. Prior to the discovery of these two interlocking shapes by a Har-vard mathematician in 1989, it took six different shapes to create interlocking patterns of shapes that have infi nite vari-ability (where the patterns don’t repeat).

• The connection to our sub-story of these elements along the path, the golden ratio, is in two aspects of the Kite and Dart: (1) both shapes are derived from geometries with several 1 to .618… ratios in them; and (2) an amazing aspect of these two forms as they are fi tted together in large num-

bers is that they track with the Fibonacci Sequence (and the golden ratio) the larger the pattern becomes–there very nearly one Kite to .618… Dart the larger the pattern becomes!

5. The Interactive Horse

• This is a big interactive toy. When kids pull the ears, the neck-vertebrae bells ring. And they can climb all over it.

• It’s also a sculpture.

• And, on the educational theme, we move from math to animal biology (along with anthropology). The two horses are meant to show the great range of body adapta-tions horses have made with the help of humans.

• Thoroughbreds have been shaped for speed with long slender legs.

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8. Pedestrian Bridge

• A pedestrian bridge depending on its location.

• Depicts a horse jumping or a horse and rider in full stride.

• Smooth lines and unbroken lines symbolize the great connection between horse and rider.

9. Horse with words

• Mare and colt nod to Lexmark.

• Lexmark’s predecessor, IBM, created the courier typeface as well as the typewriter ball.

• The mare is made from courier capital letter and the colt lowercase.

• Their eyes will be made from typewriter balls.

Figure 2.28 Lexmark Sculpture

Figure 2.29 Pedestrian Bridge Option

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PRELIMINARY OPINION OF PROBABLE COSTS

The preliminary opinion of probable construction costs is based on the conceptual Legacy Trail alignment and details proposed herein. The opin-ions have been developed without complete de-tailed engineering design and with the limitations of available GIS information and mapping. Similar past projects and commonly accepted industry standards have been used to develop the opin-ions of probable cost and should only be used as a guide to develop budgets for pursuing supple-mental funding. Additional analysis and design is necessary to predict more detailed project costs.

Preliminary opinions of probable construction costs have been developed to aid in phasing the construction of the Legacy Trail by the 2010 World Equestrian Games. Future phases will be dependent on the availability of future public funding, private donors, corporate sponsors, and other funding sources. Any future phases to add trail amenities or public art could be separated or combined based on coordination issues and the availability of funds.

Miscellaneous Items

Miscellaneous item costs include clearing and grubbing, utility relocations, maintenance of traf-fi c, and street crossings.

Item Trail Segment DescriptionConstruction

Budget1 Maine Chance Trail 12-ft Shared-Use Trail, 4.4 miles $1,370,0002 Structures - 6 Bridges, 2 Box Culverts $1,180,0003 Roadway Improvements $60,0004 Drainage $200,0005 Erosion Control $200,0006 Trailhead & Parking $140,0007 Decorative railings, surface pavements, bridge approaches, signage, landscaping, seating, $720,000

bicycle racks, mile markers, litter receptacles, specialty grading (earthworks), stone walls,lighting, interpretive educational elements

8 Security Fencing $240,0009 Miscellaneous Items $110,000

Subtototal $4,220,00015% Contingency $633,000

Total $4,853,000

11 Coldstream Trail 12-ft Shared-Use Trail, 1.8 miles $590,00011 Structures - Bridge, Box Culvert, 300-ft Retaining Wall $340,00012 Drainage $130,00013 Erosion Control $110,00014 Existing Trailhead Enhancements $75,00015 Decorative railings, surface pavements, bridge approaches, signage, landscaping, seating, $280,000

bicycle racks, mile markers, litter receptacles, specialty grading (earthworks), stone walls,lighting, interpretive educational elements

16 Miscellaneous Items $65,000

Subtototal $1,590,00015% Contingency $238,500

Total $1,828,500

17 Lexmark Trail 12-ft Shared-Use Trail, 2.2 miles $690,00018 Structures - 1 Bridge, Bridge Rail Replacement $320,00019 Roadway Relocations $200,00020 Drainage $200,00021 Erosion Control $160,00022 Trail Head & Parking $40,00023 Decorative railings, surface pavements, bridge approaches, signage, landscaping, $370,000

mile markers, litter receptacles, stone walls,lighting, interpretive educational elements, stone gateway elements

24 Miscellaneous Items $140,000

Subtototal $2,120,00015% Contingency $318,000

Total $2,438,000

25 Downtown Trail 12-ft Shared-Use Trail, length varies $275,00026 Intersection Improvements (14 @ $140,000 Each) $1,960,00027 Drainage & Erosion Control $25,00028 Railroad Crossings $029 Miscellaneous Items $20,000

Subtototal $2,280,00015% Contingency $342,000

Total $2,622,000

$11,741,500Total Project

Bridge construction

Asphalt trail

Figure 2.30: Preliminary Opinion of Probable Construction Costs

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RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

Phasing

Construction of the Legacy Trail can be accom-plished in separate phases as additional funding is made available. These phasing options include:

Phase IPhase I will consist of constructing the Maine Chance and Coldstream Sections since these trail segments are currently partially funded through CMAQ and TE Funds. It is anticipated that each trail segment will be bid separately under inde-pendent contracts to allow construction of each segment to be concurrent.

Phase IIPhase II will consist of constructing the Lexmark Section from the intersection of Newtown Pike and Citation Boulevard to Loudon Avenue at the North Lexington YMCA. It is understood that LFUCG has applied for funding for this segment of the Legacy Trail and construction will likely begin after Phase I construction has begun depending on when funding becomes available.

Phase IIIPhase III will consist of constructing the Downtown Section. It is anticipated that Phase III will initially involve intersection improvements to accentu-ate the Legacy Trail Corridor. Alternately, the Downtown Section could be separated into two phases. Phase IIIA would consist of an off-road trail from Loudon Avenue to Third Street by way of the abandoned railroad corridor and intersec-tion improvements from Third Street to the future Isaac Murphy Memorial Art Gardens. Phase IIIB would then consist of completing the Downtown Loop back to the intersection of Jefferson Street and Third Street. Portions of the Downtown Loop should also be reviewed and considered in con-junction with streetscape improvements, which are currently in the early stages of design, and the future Town Branch Trail.

Alternate PhasingAs evidenced by the Opinion of Probable Con-struction Costs, there is insuffi cient funding avail-able to completely construct the Maine Chance and Coldstream Trails with all amenities and public art elements. Additional phases can be developed to allow construction of key elements of the trail, however care must be taken to ensure the integrity of the Legacy Trail is maintained with initial construction to meet public expectations. Some aesthetic features, amenities, and public art can be withheld from the primary construction contract to be added at a later date. This will permit the trail to be constructed while additional funding is pursued to add the remaining ameni-ties and public art.

Steering Committee

It is paramount to maintain the Steering Commit-tee and its subcommittees to facilitate consistent implementation of Legacy Trail design objec-tives as outlined in this Feasibility Study. Follow-ing this approach will promote proposed design practices that will lend to a cohesive trail system that maintains the character of the landscape, while incorporating complimentary amenities and public art that continually invites interest and utilization. The committee has been supportive and helpful throughout the feasibility study by pro-viding insight and leadership to the design team. With the continued help and support of the Steer-ing Committee the true legacy of Lexington and Fayette County can be realized with the Legacy Trail.