International Congress on Legal Metrology, 12 and 13 October 2017, Cartagena, Colombia Page 1 von 33
Legal metrologyin Germany
Dr. Peter UlbigHead of Division 9„Legal and international metrology“of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
12. October 2017, Cartagena, Colombia
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Inhalt
• Introduction and a few remarks about history
• Criteria for measuring instruments to be regulated
• The switch from type approval to conformity assessment
• The legal metrology system of Germany
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Introduction
What needs a country to regulate?
- protection for the citizens
- reliable legal framework for a fair economic competition
- rules in case of illegal behavior
Basic principle:
„As much as necessary, as less as possible“
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A few remarks about history
2017
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A few remarks about history
1648
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A few remarks about history
Old townhall of Braunschweig
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Distribution of 21 German cubits at medieval times:
Length in meter
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A few remarks about history
1868
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A few remarks about history
1868
Wilhelm I.of Prussia
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A few remarks about history
1969
1990 2004
2010
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Inhalt
• Introduction and a few remarks about history
• Criteria for measuring instruments to be regulated
• The switch from type approval to conformity assessment
• The legal metrology system of Germany
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Criteria for meas. instruments to be regulated
- Verification stays as an official task to be performed
by verification authorities or state approved testing labs
(no privatization in general!!!)
- Consistent legal framework:
conformity assessment instead of type approval and
initial verification
- Systematic approach for software updates
- Establishment of a powerful committee (for rule setting)
basic points:
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- the user has self-interest in correct measurements
- there is no interest to manipulate measurement results
- the measurements are not used for official
measurements
- the measurement results are not expected
to be taken to court
Regulation of measuring instruments is not
necessary, if:
Criteria for meas. instruments to be regulated
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User of a measuring instrument
Accreditedcalibration laboratories
User of a measuring instrument
Criteria for meas. instruments to be regulated
Verificationauthorities
National standard National standard
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Measurements in industry or science!!!
Measurements in sports or military sector!!!
Measurements in the large scale industry!!!
Measurements in the aviation sector (only the mentioned sound level measurements)!!!
Measurements in land surveying!
The German meas. & verification act does not regulate:
Criteria for meas. instruments to be regulated
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The German measurement and verification act:
- Measurements for trade (economic relevance!)
(e. g. consumption of electrical energy)
- Official measurements
(e. g. speed of cars)
- Measurements taken in public interest
(e. g. sound level measurements at airports,
exhaust gas analysis of cars)
All the relevant measuring instruments need
to fulfill the legal requirements!
Criteria for meas. instruments to be regulated
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Inhalt
• Introduction and a few remarks about history
• Criteria for measuring instruments to be regulated
• The switch from type approval to conformity assessment
• The legal metrology system of Germany
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Switch from type approv. to conf. assessment
Measurementand
verificationact
Measurement and
verificationby-law
EU-Directive2014/31/EC
NAWID*
EU-Directive2014/32/EC
MID**
*Non-Automatic WeighingInstruments Directive
**Measuring Instruments DIrective
EU-Directive2007/45/ECPrepackages
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Switch from type approv. to conf. assessment
Type approval:
+Initial verification
More options (e. g. QMS)and
testing body can be chosen
+ SATL*
*State approved testing lab
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Switch from type approv. to conf. assessment
Reverification
„placing on the market“ „use“
+ +
+ SATL
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Design ProductionTransport
SaleUser
Periodical
reverification
Placing on
the marketManufacturer Use
Market
surveillanceConformity
assessmentConformity
assessment
Switch from type approv. to conf. assessment
Market surveillance: Are there systematic non-conformities of the type?Reverification: Are there non-conformities of individual instruments?
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Inhalt
• Introduction and a few remarks about history
• Criteria for measuring instruments to be regulated
• The switch from type approval to conformity assessment
• The legal metrology system of Germany
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„Central metrology authority“ (according to OIML-D1):
The legal metrology system of Germany
General responsibility foreverything related to metrology
Measurement andverification act
= „toolbox“
Other ministries may decideon regulated instruments,BUT then the generalrequirements of themeasurement and verificationact are valid!
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Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB):
The PTB has to ensure uniformity of measurement by
1. giving the verification authorities advice,
2. doing scientific research and
3. supporting standardization in metrology.
The PTB has to have measurement standards for all quantitieswhich are regulated.
The PTB has to perform conformity assessment of meas. instrum..
The legal metrology system of Germany
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Private conformity assessment bodies:
Such bodies
- have to be accredited,
- need to take part in a national committee of conformityassessment bodies in metrology and
- can determine their own prices.
Currently there are 4 such bodies (for utility meters).
The legal metrology system of Germany
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The legal metrology system of Germany
Verification authorities and state approved testing labs:
In Germany there are about 104 mln. measuring instruments,which are under legal control.
Per year approx. 2 mln. verifications are performed.
There are 13 verification authorities with approx. 1450 employees.
There are 332 state approved testing labs with approx. 2300 employees, supervised by the verification authorities(no accreditation) and which have to apply given prices.
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The legal metrology system of Germany
26
70 verificationoffices
332 state approvedtesting services
(114 for electr. meters,100 for gas meters,79 for water meters,39 for heat meters)
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The legal metrology system of Germany
Extensive process to integratenew kinds of measuring instrumentsinto the legal frameworkuntil 31 December 2014:
Head ofdptm. LM
State secretary
Minister ofEconomy
Federal Council
Parliament
GermanGovernment
27member
states
Proposal
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The legal metrology system of Germany
New approach since 1 January 2015:
Definition of measurement quanities instead of meas. instrum.:
13 regulated general measurement quantitiesfor specific use with defined exceptions:
a) for measurements related to tradeb) for official measurementsc) in case of public interest, if a German law or by-law
requests the use of regulated measuring instruments
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The legal metrology system of Germany
The 13 measurement quantities:
1. Length2. Mass3. Temperature4. Pressure5. Volume6. Measurement quantities related to the supply of electrical energy7. Heat and cold8. Density or mass fraction or mass concentration or volume concentration
of liquids9. Density or mass fraction or mass concentration or volume concentration
of liquids of other media than liquids10. Measurement quantities related to the supply of flowing liquids or
flowing gases11. Sound level and related quantities12. Measurement quantities related to traffic13. Dose of ionizing radiation
Currently altogether about 150 measuring instruments!
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The legal metrology system of Germany
Exception:instruments ≤ 2m
Example: LengthAll length measuringinstruments
Related to trade
For officialuse
In case ofpublic
interest
Advantage: Innovative new kinds of measuring instruments are covered automatically!
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The legal metrology system of Germany
Regulated for use related totrade and official measurements
Not regulatedin case of other applications:
Example: Length
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Summary
- Germany switched from type approval and initial verificationto conformity assessment also for nationally regulatedinstruments (1 January 2015)
- Germany kept periodical verification for the (long)period of the use of an measuring instrument
- There are no longer measuring instruments defined,which are under legal control, but measurementquantities to cover also new innovative instrumentswithout big efforts.
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Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
Braunschweig und Berlin
Bundesallee 100
38116 Braunschweig
Dr. Peter Ulbig
Head of Division 9
„Legal and international metrology“
Thank you for your kind attention!
Questions / remarks ?