1 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) Dictionary of Occupations From Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES 1. The OES survey classification covers all employed persons and owners of incorporated firms. It excludes unpaid family workers, owners of unincorporated firms, and occupations unique to volunteers. Each occupation is assigned to only one occupation at the lowest level of the classification. 2. Occupations are classified based upon work performed, and skills, education, training, and credentials required for the job. 3. Supervisors of professional and technical workers usually have a background similar to the workers they supervise, and are therefore classified with the workers they supervise. Likewise, team leaders, lead workers, and supervisors of production, sales, and service workers who spend at least 20 percent of their time performing work similar to the workers they supervise are classified with the workers they supervise. 4. First-line managers and supervisors of production, service, and sales workers who spend more than 80 percent of their time performing supervisory activities are classified separately in the appropriate supervisor category, since their work activities are distinct from those of the workers they supervise. First-line managers are generally found in smaller establishments where they perform both supervisory and management functions, such as accounting, marketing, and personnel work. 5. Apprentices and trainees should be classified with the occupations for which they are being trained, while helpers and aides should be classified separately. 6. If an occupation is not included as a distinct detailed occupation in the structure, it is classified in the appropriate residual occupation. Residual occupations contain all occupations within a major, minor, or broad group that are not classified separately. 7. When workers may be classified in more than one occupation, they should be classified in the occupation that requires the highest level of skill. If there is no measurable difference in skill requirements, workers are included in the occupation they spend the most time. EXAMPLE OF DICTIONARY ENTRY Legal Occupations Lawyers, Judges, and Related Workers 23-1011 Lawyers (District Attorney, Public Defender) Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, and manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law. Illustrative Examples: Attorney; Real Estate Attorney; Corporate Counsel Please note that the Alternate Titles and the Illustrative Examples are both derived from the Associated Titles database. The Associated Titles database is an extensive list of job titles which have been collected by the BLS and the Census Bureau. Within each detailed SOC occupation, there may be many Associated Titles. All Associated Titles apply equally to the occupation to which they are assigned, whether they are used as an Alternate Title, Illustrative Example, or not used at all in the OES dictionary. The Alternate Titles are industry- specific, therefore, a given Alternate Title will not appear on every OES survey form. The Illustrative Examples appear only in the SOC Manual and do not appear on the OES survey forms. Minor Group Header Occupation Title cupation Code rnate Titles e Examples Definition Major Group Header
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Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) Dictionary of Occupations
From Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program
CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES
1. The OES survey classification covers all employed persons and owners of incorporated firms. It excludes unpaid familyworkers, owners of unincorporated firms, and occupations unique to volunteers. Each occupation is assigned to only oneoccupation at the lowest level of the classification.
2. Occupations are classified based upon work performed, and skills, education, training, and credentials required for the job.
3. Supervisors of professional and technical workers usually have a background similar to the workers they supervise, and aretherefore classified with the workers they supervise. Likewise, team leaders, lead workers, and supervisors of production,sales, and service workers who spend at least 20 percent of their time performing work similar to the workers they superviseare classified with the workers they supervise.
4. First-line managers and supervisors of production, service, and sales workers who spend more than 80 percent of their timeperforming supervisory activities are classified separately in the appropriate supervisor category, since their work activitiesare distinct from those of the workers they supervise. First-line managers are generally found in smaller establishments wherethey perform both supervisory and management functions, such as accounting, marketing, and personnel work.
5. Apprentices and trainees should be classified with the occupations for which they are being trained, while helpers and aidesshould be classified separately.
6. If an occupation is not included as a distinct detailed occupation in the structure, it is classified in the appropriate residualoccupation. Residual occupations contain all occupations within a major, minor, or broad group that are not classifiedseparately.
7. When workers may be classified in more than one occupation, they should be classified in the occupation that requires thehighest level of skill. If there is no measurable difference in skill requirements, workers are included in the occupation theyspend the most time.
EXAMPLE OF DICTIONARY ENTRY
Legal Occupations
Lawyers, Judges, and Related Workers
23-1011 Lawyers(District Attorney, Public Defender) Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, and manage or advise clients on legaltransactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law.Illustrative Examples: Attorney; Real Estate Attorney; Corporate Counsel
Please note that the Alternate Titles and the Illustrative Examples are both derived from the Associated Titles database. TheAssociated Titles database is an extensive list of job titles which have been collected by the BLS and the Census Bureau. Within eachdetailed SOC occupation, there may be many Associated Titles. All Associated Titles apply equally to the occupation to which theyare assigned, whether they are used as an Alternate Title, Illustrative Example, or not used at all in the OES dictionary. The AlternateTitles are industry- specific, therefore, a given Alternate Title will not appear on every OES survey form. The Illustrative Examplesappear only in the SOC Manual and do not appear on the OES survey forms.
Education, Training, and Library Occupations ....................................(25-xxxx) 9
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations.............(27-xxxx) 12
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations ...........................(29-xxxx) 13
Healthcare Support Occupations ..........................................................(31-xxxx) 15
Protective Service Occupations............................................................(33-xxxx) 16
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations............................(35-xxxx) 17
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations .........(37-xxxx) 17
Personal Care and Service Occupations ...............................................(39-xxxx) 18
Sales and Related Occupations ............................................................(41-xxxx) 19
Office and Administrative Support Occupations .................................(43-xxxx) 20
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations .......................................(45-xxxx) 22
Construction and Extraction Occupations............................................(47-xxxx) 23
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations .............................(49-xxxx) 25
Production Occupations .......................................................................(51-xxxx) 27
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations ..............................(53-xxxx) 32
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MANAGEMENT OCCUPATIONS
11-1011 Chief Executives(County Commissioner) Determine and formulatepolicies and provide the overall direction ofcompanies or private and public sector organizationswithin the guidelines set up by a board of directorsor similar governing body. Plan, direct, orcoordinate operational activities at the highest levelof management with the help of subordinateexecutives and staff managers.Illustrative Examples: Board Member; ChiefOperating Officer; President
11-1021 General and Operations Managers(Park Superintendent) Plan, direct, or coordinate theoperations of companies or public and private sectororganizations. Duties and responsibilities includeformulating policies, managing daily operations, andplanning the use of materials and human resources,but are too diverse and general in nature to beclassified in any one functional area of managementor administration, such as personnel, purchasing, oradministrative services. Include owners andmanagers who head small business establishmentswhose duties are primarily managerial. Exclude"First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Retail SalesWorkers" (41-1011) and workers in other smallestablishments.Illustrative Examples: Industrial OrganizationManager; District Manager; Department StoreGeneral Manager
11-1031 Legislators(Council Member) Develop laws and statutes atthe Federal, State, or local level. Include onlyelected officials.Illustrative Examples: Representative; Senator
11-2011 Advertising and Promotions Managers(Media Director) Plan and direct advertisingpolicies and programs or produce collateralmaterials, such as posters, contests, coupons, orgive-aways, to create extra interest in the purchaseof a product or service for a department, an entireorganization, or on an account basis.Illustrative Examples: Campaign Director;Circulation Director
11-2021 Marketing ManagersDetermine the demand for products and servicesoffered by a firm and its competitors and identifypotential customers. Develop pricing strategies withthe goal of maximizing the firm's profits or share ofthe market while ensuring the firm's customers aresatisfied. Oversee product development or monitortrends that indicate the need for new products andservices.Illustrative Examples: Fashion Coordinator;Marketing Director
11-2022 Sales Managers(Customer Service Manager) Direct the actualdistribution or movement of a product or service tothe customer. Coordinate sales distribution byestablishing sales territories, quotas, and goals andestablish training programs for sales representatives.Analyze sales statistics gathered by staff todetermine sales potential and inventory requirementsand monitor the preferences of customers.Illustrative Examples: Director of Sales; ExportManager; Regional Sales Manager
11-2031 Public Relations ManagersPlan and direct public relations programs designedto create and maintain a favorable public image foremployer or client; or if engaged in fundraising, plan
and direct activities to solicit and maintain funds forspecial projects and nonprofit organizations.Illustrative Examples: Fundraising Director; PublicInformation Director; Publicity Director
11-3011 Administrative Services Managers(Facilities Manager) Plan, direct, or coordinatesupportive services of an organization, such asrecordkeeping, mail distribution, telephoneoperator/receptionist, and other office supportservices. May oversee facilities planning andmaintenance and custodial operations. Exclude"Purchasing Managers" (11-3061).Illustrative Example: Space Officer
11-3021 Computer and Information SystemsManagers(Data Processing Manager) Plan, direct, orcoordinate activities in such fields as electronic dataprocessing, information systems, systems analysis,and computer programming. Exclude "ComputerSpecialists" (15-1011 through 15-1099).Illustrative Examples: Computer ProgrammingManager; Data Systems Manager
11-3031 Financial Managers(City Controller, Controller, County Treasurer)Plan, direct, and coordinate accounting, investing,banking, insurance, securities, and other financialactivities of a branch, office, or department of anestablishment.Illustrative Examples: Bank Director; Comptroller;Budget Director
11-3041 Compensation and Benefits ManagersPlan, direct, or coordinate compensation and benefitsactivities and staff of an organization. Include jobanalysis and position description managers.Illustrative Examples: Employee Benefits Director;Job Analysis Manager; Wage and SalaryAdministrator
11-3042 Training and Development ManagersPlan, direct, or coordinate the training anddevelopment activities and staff of an organization.Illustrative Examples: Efficiency Manager;Education and Training Manager; TrainingDirector
11-3049 Human Resources Managers, All OtherAll Human Resources Managers not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Director of IndustrialRelations; Employee Wellness/Fitness Coordinator;Personnel Director
11-3051 Industrial Production Managers(Quality Control Manager) Plan, direct, orcoordinate the work activities and resourcesnecessary for manufacturing products in accordancewith cost, quality, and quantity specifications.Illustrative Examples: Factory Superintendent;Plant Manager
11-3061 Purchasing Managers(Procurement Manager) Plan, direct, or coordinatethe activities of buyers, purchasing officers, andrelated workers involved in purchasing materials,products, and services. Include wholesale or retailtrade merchandising managers and procurementmanagers.Illustrative Examples: Director of Purchasing;Merchandise Manager
11-3071 Transportation, Storage, andDistribution Managers(Airport Manager, Logistics Manager) Plan, direct,or coordinate transportation, storage, or distribution
activities in accordance with governmental policiesand regulations. Include logistics managers.Illustrative Examples: Schedule Planning Manager;Warehouse Manager
11-9011 Farm, Ranch, and Other AgriculturalManagers(Nursery and Greenhouse Manager) On a paid basis,manage farms, ranches, aquacultural operations,greenhouses, nurseries, timber tracts, cotton gins,packing houses, or other agricultural establishmentsfor employers. Carry out production, financial, andmarketing decisions relating to the managedoperations following guidelines from the owner.May contract tenant farmers or producers to carryout the day-to-day activities of the managedoperation. May supervise planting, cultivating,harvesting, and marketing activities. May preparecost, production, and other records. May performphysical work and operate machinery.Illustrative Examples: Fruit Grower; FarmLivestock Manager
11-9012 Farmers and RanchersOn an ownership or rental basis, operate farms,ranches, greenhouses, nurseries, timber tracts, orother agricultural production establishments whichproduce crops, horticultural specialties, livestock,poultry, finfish, shellfish, or animal specialties.Include operators of cotton gins, packing houses,and other post-harvest operations. May plant,cultivate, harvest, perform post-harvest activities,and market crops and livestock; may hire, train, andsupervise farm workers or supervise a farm laborcontractor; may prepare cost, production, and otherrecords. May maintain and operate machinery andperform physical work.Illustrative Examples: Beekeeper; Dairy Farmer;Tobacco Grower
11-9021 Construction Managers(General Contractor) Plan, direct, coordinate, orbudget, usually through subordinate supervisorypersonnel, activities concerned with the constructionand maintenance of structures, facilities, andsystems. Participate in the conceptual developmentof a construction project and oversee itsorganization, scheduling, and implementation.Include specialized construction fields, such ascarpentry or plumbing. Include generalsuperintendents, project managers, and constructorswho manage, coordinate, and supervise theconstruction process.Illustrative Examples: Masonry ContractorAdministrator; Developer
11-9031 Education Administrators, Preschooland Child Care Center/ProgramPlan, direct, or coordinate the academic andnonacademic activities of preschool and child carecenters or programs. Exclude "Preschool Teachers"(25-2011).Illustrative Examples: Director of Child CareCenter; Head Start Director
11-9032 Education Administrators, Elementaryand Secondary School(School Principal) Plan, direct, or coordinate theacademic, clerical, or auxiliary activities of public orprivate elementary or secondary level schools.Illustrative Examples: Director of PhysicalEducation; Curriculum Director
11-9033 Education Administrators,Postsecondary(Dean, Registrar) Plan, direct, or coordinateresearch, instructional, student administration andservices, and other educational activities at
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postsecondary institutions, including universities,colleges, and junior and community colleges.Illustrative Example: Director of Student Affairs
11-9039 Education Administrators, All OtherAll education administrators not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Director of Extension Work;Director of Vocational Training; Health EducationDirector
11-9041 Engineering ManagersPlan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fieldsas architecture and engineering or research anddevelopment in these fields. Exclude "NaturalSciences Managers" (11-9121).Illustrative Examples: Engineering ResearchManager; Safety Director; Technical Director
11-9051 Food Service ManagersPlan, direct, or coordinate activities of anorganization or department that serves food andbeverages.Illustrative Examples: Banquet Director;Restaurant Manager; Catering Manager
11-9061 Funeral Directors(Mortician) Perform various tasks to arrange anddirect funeral services, such as coordinatingtransportation of body to mortuary for embalming,interviewing family or other authorized person toarrange details, selecting pallbearers, procuringofficial for religious rites, and providingtransportation for mourners.Illustrative Examples: Funeral Home Manager;Undertaker
11-9071 Gaming Managers(Casino Manager) Plan, organize, direct, control, orcoordinate gaming operations in a casino. Formulategaming policies for their area of responsibility.Illustrative Examples: Blackjack Manager; DiceManager
11-9081 Lodging Managers(Hotel Manager) Plan, direct, or coordinateactivities of an organization or department thatprovides lodging and other accommodations.Exclude "Food Service Managers" (11-9051) inlodging establishments.Illustrative Examples: Director of Housing;Innkeeper
11-9111 Medical and Health Services ManagersPlan, direct, or coordinate medicine and healthservices in hospitals, clinics, managed careorganizations, public health agencies, or similarorganizations.Illustrative Examples: Director of OccupationalTherapy; Medical Records Administrator; PublicHealth Administrator
11-9121 Natural Sciences ManagersPlan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fieldsas life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics,statistics, and research and development in thesefields. Exclude "Engineering Managers" (11-9041)and "Computer and Information Systems Managers"(11-3021).Illustrative Examples: Geophysical Manager;Research and Development Director; WildlifeManager
11-9131 Postmasters and Mail SuperintendentsDirect and coordinate operational, administrative,management, and supportive services of a U.S. postoffice; or coordinate activities of workers engaged inpostal and related work in assigned post office.
11-9141 Property, Real Estate, and CommunityAssociation Managers(Apartment Manager) Plan, direct, or coordinateselling, buying, leasing, or governance activities ofcommercial, industrial, or residential real estateproperties. Include managers of homeowner andcondominium associations, rented or leased housingunits, buildings, or land (including rights-of-way).Illustrative Examples: Condominium AssociationManager; Trailer Park Manager
11-9151 Social and Community ServiceManagers(Public Welfare Director, Volunteer ServicesManager) Plan, organize, or coordinate the activitiesof a social service program or community outreachorganization. Oversee the program or organization'sbudget and policies regarding participantinvolvement, program requirements, and benefits.Work may involve directing social workers,counselors, or probation officers.Illustrative Examples: Child Welfare Director;Youth Program Director; Director of CaseworkServices
11-9199 Managers, All OtherAll managers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: City Clerk; Publisher;Communications Manager
BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL OPERATIONSOCCUPATIONS
13-1011 Agents and Business Managers ofArtists, Performers, and AthletesRepresent and promote artists, performers, andathletes to prospective employers. May handlecontract negotiation and other business matters forclients.Illustrative Examples: Booking Agent; BoxingPromoter; Theatrical Agent
13-1021 Purchasing Agents and Buyers, FarmProductsPurchase farm products either for further processingor resale. Include Christmas tree contractors, grainbrokers and market operators, grain buyers, andtobacco buyers.Illustrative Examples: Cotton Broker; LivestockBuyer; Tobacco Buyer
13-1022 Wholesale and Retail Buyers, ExceptFarm ProductsBuy merchandise or commodities, other than farmproducts, for resale to consumers at the wholesale orretail level, including both durable and nondurablegoods. Analyze past buying trends, sales records,price, and quality of merchandise to determine valueand yield. Select, order, and authorize payment formerchandise according to contractual agreements.May conduct meetings with sales personnel andintroduce new products. Include assistant buyers.Illustrative Examples: Importer; Merchandiser;Wholesale Jobber
13-1023 Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale,Retail, and Farm ProductsPurchase machinery, equipment, tools, parts,supplies, or services necessary for the operation ofan establishment. Purchase raw or semi-finishedmaterials for manufacturing. Include contractspecialists, field contractors, purchasers, priceanalysts, tooling coordinators, and media buyers.Exclude "Purchasing Agents and Buyers, FarmProducts" (13-1021) and "Wholesale and RetailBuyers, Except Farm Products" (13-1022).Illustrative Examples: Fuel Buyer; Lumber Buyer;Radio Time Buyer
13-1031 Claims Adjusters, Examiners, andInvestigators(Insurance Appraiser) Review settled claims todetermine that payments and settlements have beenmade in accordance with company practices andprocedures, ensuring that proper methods have beenfollowed. Report overpayments, underpayments, andother irregularities. Confer with legal counsel onclaims requiring litigation.Illustrative Examples: Health Insurance Adjuster;Arson Investigator; Claims Agent
13-1032 Insurance Appraisers, Auto DamageAppraise automobile or other vehicle damage todetermine cost of repair for insurance claimsettlement and seek agreement with automotiverepair shop on cost of repair. Prepare insuranceforms to indicate repair cost or cost estimates andrecommendations.Illustrative Example: Auto Damage Estimator
13-1041 Compliance Officers, ExceptAgriculture, Construction, Health and Safety,and Transportation(Coroner) Examine, evaluate, and investigateeligibility for or conformity with laws andregulations governing contract compliance oflicenses and permits, and other compliance andenforcement inspection activities not classifiedelsewhere. Exclude "Tax Examiners, Collectors,and Revenue Agents" (13-2081) and "FinancialExaminers" (13-2061).Illustrative Examples: Truant Officer; Inspector ofWeights and Measures
13-1051 Cost EstimatorsPrepare cost estimates for product manufacturing,construction projects, or services to aid managementin bidding on or determining price of product orservice. May specialize according to particularservice performed or type of product manufactured.Illustrative Examples: Construction Estimator;Crating and Moving Estimator; Job Estimator
13-1061 Emergency Management Specialists(Public Safety Director) Coordinate disasterresponse or crisis management activities, providedisaster preparedness training, and prepareemergency plans and procedures for natural (e.g.,hurricanes, floods, earthquakes), wartime, ortechnological (e.g., nuclear power plantemergencies, hazardous materials spills) disasters orhostage situations.Illustrative Example: Director of Civil Defense
13-1071 Employment, Recruitment, andPlacement SpecialistsRecruit and place workers.Illustrative Examples: Employment Interviewer;Personnel Recruiter; Placement Assistant
13-1072 Compensation, Benefits, and JobAnalysis SpecialistsConduct programs of compensation and benefits andjob analysis for employer. May specialize in specificareas, such as position classification and pensionprograms.Illustrative Examples: Occupational Analyst;Relocation Director; Wage Conciliator13-1073 Training and Development SpecialistsConduct training and development programs foremployees.Illustrative Examples: Training Coordinator;Workforce Development Specialist; Supervisor,Training Personnel
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13-1079 Human Resources, Training, and LaborRelations Specialists, All OtherAll human resources, training, and labor relationsspecialists not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Personnel Arbitrator;Employee Relations Specialist
13-1081 LogisticiansAnalyze and coordinate the logistical functions of afirm or organization. Responsible for the entire lifecycle of a product, including acquisition,distribution, internal allocation, delivery, and finaldisposal of resources.Illustrative Examples: Logistics Engineer;Logistics Analyst; Logistics Planner
13-1111 Management Analysts(Business Consultant, Program Analyst) Conductorganizational studies and evaluations, designsystems and procedures, conduct worksimplifications and measurement studies, andprepare operations and procedures manuals to assistmanagement in operating more efficiently andeffectively. Include program analysts andmanagement consultants. Exclude "ComputerSystems Analysts" (15-1051) and "OperationsResearch Analysts" (15-2031).Illustrative Example: Industrial Analyst;Price Analyst
13-1121 Meeting and Convention PlannersCoordinate activities of staff and conventionpersonnel to make arrangements for group meetingsand conventions.Illustrative Examples: Conference Planner;Conference Service Coordinator; ConventionManager
13-1199 Business Operations Specialists, AllOtherAll business operations specialists not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Grant Coordinator;Liaison Officer; Purser
13-2011 Accountants and Auditors(Bursar) Examine, analyze, and interpret accountingrecords for the purpose of giving advice or preparingstatements. Install or advise on systems of recordingcosts or other financial and budgetary data.Illustrative Examples: Certified Public Accountant;Tax Accountant
13-2021 Appraisers and Assessors of Real EstateAppraise real property to determine its fair value.May assess taxes in accordance with prescribedschedules.Illustrative Examples: Building Appraiser; CountyAssessor; Property Evaluator
13-2031 Budget AnalystsExamine budget estimates for completeness,accuracy, and conformance with procedures andregulations. Analyze budgeting and accountingreports for the purpose of maintaining expenditurecontrols.Illustrative Examples: Budget Examiner; FiscalAgent; Fiscal Officer
13-2041 Credit AnalystsAnalyze current credit data and financial statementsof individuals or firms to determine the degree ofrisk involved in extending credit or lending money.Prepare reports with this credit information for usein decision-making.Illustrative Examples: Credit Negotiator; EscrowRepresentative; Factorer
13-2051 Financial AnalystsConduct quantitative analyses of informationaffecting investment programs of public or privateinstitutions.Illustrative Examples: Bond Analyst; InvestmentAnalyst; Securities Consultant
13-2052 Personal Financial Advisors(Estate Planner) Advise clients on financial plansutilizing knowledge of tax and investment strategies,securities, insurance, pension plans, and real estate.Duties include assessing clients' assets, liabilities,cash flow, insurance coverage, tax status, andfinancial objectives to establish investmentstrategies.Illustrative Examples: Budget Counselor;Financial Planner
13-2053 Insurance UnderwritersReview individual applications for insurance toevaluate degree of risk involved and determineacceptance of applications.Illustrative Examples: Bond Underwriter; InsuranceAnalyst
13-2061 Financial ExaminersEnforce or ensure compliance with laws andregulations governing financial and securitiesinstitutions and financial and real estate transactions.May examine, verify correctness of, or establishauthenticity of records.Illustrative Examples: Bank Examiner; PayrollExaminer; Pension Examiner
13-2071 Loan Counselors(Credit Counselor) Provide guidance to prospectiveloan applicants who have problems qualifying fortraditional loans. Guidance may include determiningthe best type of loan and explaining loanrequirements or restrictions.Illustrative Examples: Farm Mortgage Agent;Financial Aid Counselor
13-2072 Loan Officers(Loan Examiner) Evaluate, authorize, orrecommend approval of commercial, real estate, orcredit loans. Advise borrowers on financial statusand methods of payments. Include mortgage loanofficers and agents, collection analysts, loanservicing officers, and loan underwriters.Illustrative Examples: Loan Reviewer; EscrowOfficer; Mortgage Consultant
13-2081 Tax Examiners, Collectors, and RevenueAgentsDetermine tax liability or collect taxes fromindividuals or business firms according to prescribedlaws and regulations.Illustrative Examples: Tax Investigator; RevenueAgent; Tax Auditor
13-2082 Tax PreparersPrepare tax returns for individuals or smallbusinesses but do not have the background orresponsibilities of an accredited or certified publicaccountant.Illustrative Examples: Income Tax Advisor; IncomeTax Consultant; Tax Specialist
13-2099 Financial Specialists, All OtherAll financial specialists not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Bail Bondsman; Executor ofEstate; Foreign Exchange Trader
COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICALOCCUPATIONS
15-1011 Computer and Information Scientists,ResearchConduct research into fundamental computer andinformation science as theorists, designers, orinventors. Solve or develop solutions to problems inthe field of computer hardware and software.
15-1021 Computer ProgrammersConvert project specifications and statements ofproblems and procedures to detailed logical flowcharts for coding into computer language. Developand write computer programs to store, locate, andretrieve specific documents, data, and information.May program web sites.Illustrative Examples: Computer Programmer Aide;Mainframe Programmer; Systems Programmer
15-1022 Computer Programmers, Non R&DConvert project specifications and statements ofproblems and procedures to detailed logical flowcharts for coding into computer language. Developand write computer programs to store, locate, andretrieve specific documents, data, and information.May program web sites.
15-1023 Computer Programmers, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeperforming research and development activitiesrelating to computer programming.
15-1031 Computer Software Engineers,ApplicationsDevelop, create, and modify general computerapplications software or specialized utility programs.Analyze user needs and develop software solutions.Design software or customize software for client usewith the aim of optimizing operational efficiency.May analyze and design databases within anapplication area, working individually orcoordinating database development as part of a team.Exclude "Computer Hardware Engineers" (17-2061).Illustrative Examples: Applications Developer;Programmer Analyst; Software Designer
15-1032 Computer Software Engineers, SystemsSoftwareResearch, design, develop, and test operatingsystems-level software, compilers, and networkdistribution software for medical, industrial,military, communications, aerospace, business,scientific, and general computing applications. Setoperational specifications and formulate and analyzesoftware requirements. Apply principles andtechniques of computer science, engineering, andmathematical analysis.Illustrative Example: EDP Systems Engineer
15-1034 Computer Software Engineers,Applications, Non-R&DDevelop, create, and modify general computerapplications software or specialized utility programs.Analyze user needs and develop software solutions.Design software or customize software for client usewith the aim of optimizing operational efficiency.
15-1035 Computer Software Engineers,Applications, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeperforming research and development activitiesrelating to their work as Computer SoftwareEngineers, Applications. Exclude "ComputerHardware Engineers, R&D" (17-2063).
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15-1036 Computer Software Engineers, SystemsSoftware, Non-R&DDesign, develop, and test operating systems-levelsoftware, compilers, and network distributionsoftware for medical, industrial, military,communications, aerospace, business, scientific, andgeneral computing applications. Set operationalspecification.
15-1037 Computer Software Engineers, SystemsSoftware, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeperforming research and development activitiesrelating to their work as Computer SoftwareEngineers, Systems Software.
15-1041 Computer Support Specialists(Help Desk Representative) Provide technicalassistance to computer system users. Answerquestions or resolve computer problems for clientsin person, via telephone or from remote location.May provide assistance concerning the use ofcomputer hardware and software, including printing,installation, word processing, electronic mail, andoperating systems. Exclude "Network and ComputerSystems Administrators" (15-1071).Illustrative Examples: Customer Support Analyst;Help Desk Technician; Work Station SupportSpecialist
15-1051 Computer Systems AnalystsAnalyze science, engineering, business, and all otherdata processing problems for application toelectronic data processing systems. Analyze userrequirements, procedures, and problems to automateor improve existing systems and review computersystem capabilities, workflow, and schedulinglimitations. May analyze or recommendcommercially available software. Exclude personsworking primarily as "Engineers" (17-2011 through17-2199), "Mathematicians" (15-2021), or"Scientists" (19-1011 through 19-3099). Maysupervise computer programmers.Illustrative Examples: Health Systems ComputerAnalyst; Data Processing Systems Project Planner;Information Systems Consultant
15-1052 Computer Systems Analysts, Non R&DAnalyze data processing problems for application toelectronic data processing systems. Analyze userrequirements, procedures, and problems to automateor improve existing systems and review computersystem capabilities, workflow, and schedulinglimitations.
15-1053 Computer Systems Analysts, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeperforming research and development activitiesinvolving electronic data processing.
15-1061 Database AdministratorsCoordinate changes to computer databases, test andimplement the database applying knowledge ofdatabase management systems. May plan,coordinate, and implement security measures tosafeguard computer databases.Illustrative Examples: Automatic Data ProcessingPlanner; Database Design Analyst; DatabaseSecurity Administrator
15-1071 Network and Computer SystemsAdministrators(LAN/WAN Administrator) Install, configure, andsupport an organization's local area network (LAN),wide area network (WAN), and Internet system or asegment of a network system. Maintain networkhardware and software. Monitor network to ensurenetwork availability to all system users and perform
necessary maintenance to support networkavailability. May supervise other network supportand client server specialists and plan, coordinate, andimplement network security measures. Exclude"Computer Support Specialists" (15-1041).Illustrative Examples: Network Control Operator;Network Security Administrator
15-1081 Network Systems and DataCommunications Analysts(Internet Developer, Webmaster) Analyze, design,test, and evaluate network systems, such as localarea networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN),Internet, intranet, and other data communicationssystems. Perform network modeling, analysis, andplanning. Research and recommend network anddata communications hardware and software.Include telecommunications specialists who dealwith the interfacing of computer andcommunications equipment. May supervisecomputer programmers.Illustrative Example: Systems Integrator
15-1099 Computer Specialists, All OtherAll computer specialists not listed separately.Illustrative Example: Computer LaboratoryTechnician
15-2011 ActuariesAnalyze statistical data, such as mortality, accident,sickness, disability, and retirement rates andconstruct probability tables to forecast risk andliability for payment of future benefits. Mayascertain premium rates required and cash reservesnecessary to ensure payment of future benefits.Illustrative Example: Actuarial Mathematician
15-2021 Mathematicians(Cryptographer) Conduct research in fundamentalmathematics or in application of mathematicaltechniques to science, management, and other fields.Solve or direct solutions to problems in variousfields by mathematical methods.Illustrative Examples: Algebraist; Cipher Expert
15-2031 Operations Research Analysts(Procedure Analyst) Formulate and applymathematical modeling and other optimizingmethods using a computer to develop and interpretinformation that assists management with decisionmaking, policy formulation, or other managerialfunctions. May develop related software, service, orproducts. Frequently concentrates on collecting andanalyzing data and developing decision supportsoftware. May develop and supply optimal time,cost, or logistics networks for program evaluation,review, or implementation.Illustrative Examples: Method Consultant;Standards Analyst
15-2041 StatisticiansEngage in the development of mathematical theoryor apply statistical theory and methods to collect,organize, interpret, and summarize numerical data toprovide usable information. May specialize in fields,such as bio-statistics, agricultural statistics, businessstatistics, economic statistics, or other fields. Includemathematical statisticians.Illustrative Examples: Biometrician; SamplingExpert; Statistical Analyst
15-2091 Mathematical TechniciansApply standardized mathematical formulas,principles, and methodology to technologicalproblems in engineering and physical sciences inrelation to specific industrial and research objectives,processes, equipment, and products.
17-1011 Architects, Except Landscape and NavalPlan and design structures, such as privateresidences, office buildings, theaters, factories, andother structural property.Illustrative Examples: Architectural Designer;Building Consultant; Site Planner
17-1012 Landscape ArchitectsPlan and design land areas for such projects as parksand other recreational facilities, airports, highways,hospitals, schools, land subdivisions, andcommercial, industrial, and residential sites.Illustrative Examples: Environmental Planner; LandPlanner; Landscape Designer
17-1021 Cartographers and Photogrammetrists(Topographer) Collect, analyze, and interpretgeographic information provided by geodeticsurveys, aerial photographs, and satellite data.Research, study, and prepare maps and other spatialdata in digital or graphic form for legal, social,political, educational, and design purposes. Maywork with Geographic Information Systems (GIS).May design and evaluate algorithms, data structures,and user interfaces for GIS and mapping systems.Illustrative Examples: Field Map Editor; Mapper
17-1022 SurveyorsMake exact measurements and determine propertyboundaries. Provide data relevant to the shape,contour, gravitation, location, elevation, ordimension of land or land features on or near theearth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, mining,land evaluation, construction, and other purposes.Illustrative Examples: Geodetic Surveyor; LandExaminer; Mineral Surveyor
17-2011 Aerospace EngineersPerform a variety of engineering work in designing,constructing, and testing aircraft, missiles, andspacecraft. May conduct basic and applied researchto evaluate adaptability of materials and equipmentto aircraft design and manufacture. May recommendimprovements in testing equipment and techniques.Illustrative Examples: Aerodynamicist; Flight TestEngineer; Aeronautical Engineer
17-2021 Agricultural EngineersApply knowledge of engineering technology andbiological science to agricultural problemsconcerned with power and machinery,electrification, structures, soil and waterconservation, and processing of agriculturalproducts.Illustrative Examples: Farm Equipment Engineer;Agricultural Research Engineer
17-2031 Biomedical Engineers(Orthopedic Designer) Apply knowledge ofengineering, biology, and biomechanical principlesto the design, development, and evaluation ofbiological and health systems and products, such asartificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation,medical information systems, and heath managementand care delivery systems.
17-2041 Chemical Engineers(Fuels Engineer) Design chemical plant equipmentand devise processes for manufacturing chemicals
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and products, such as gasoline, synthetic rubber,plastics, detergents, cement, paper, and pulp, byapplying principles and technology of chemistry,physics, and engineering.Illustrative Examples: Absorption and AdsorptionEngineer; Explosives Engineer
17-2051 Civil Engineers(Municipal Engineer) Perform engineering duties inplanning, designing, and overseeing constructionand maintenance of building structures, andfacilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges,harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects,pipelines, power plants, water and sewage systems,and waste disposal units. Include architectural,structural, traffic, ocean, and geo-technicalengineers. Exclude "Hydrologists" (19-2043).Illustrative Examples: Bridge Engineer;Construction Engineer; Concrete Engineer
17-2052 Civil Engineers, Non-R&DPerform engineering duties in planning, designing,and overseeing construction and maintenance ofbuilding structures, and facilities, such as roads,railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams,irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, water andsewage systems, and waste disposal units. Includearchitectural, structural, traffic, ocean, and geo-technical engineers.
17-2053 Civil Engineers, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeperforming research and development activitiesrelating to their work as Civil Engineers.
17-2061 Computer Hardware EngineersResearch, design, develop, and test computer orcomputer-related equipment for commercial,industrial, military, or scientific use. May supervisethe manufacturing and installation of computer orcomputer-related equipment and components.Exclude "Computer Software Engineers,Applications" (15-1031) and "Computer SoftwareEngineers, Systems Software" (15-1032).
17-2062 Computer Hardware Engineers, Non-R&DDesign, develop, and test computer or computer-related equipment for commercial, industrial,military, or scientific use. May supervise themanufacturing and installation of computer orcomputer-related equipment and components.Exclude "Computer Software Engineers,Application, Non-R&D" (15-1034) and "ComputerSoftware Engineers, Systems Software, Non-R&D"(15-1036).
17-2063 Computer Hardware Engineers, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeperforming research and development activitiesrelating to their work as Computer HardwareEngineers. Exclude "Computer Software Engineers,Application, R&D" (15-1035) and "ComputerSoftware Engineers, Systems Software, R&D" (15-1037).
17-2071 Electrical EngineersDesign, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturingand installation of electrical equipment, components,or systems for commercial, industrial, military, orscientific use. Exclude "Computer HardwareEngineers" (17-2061).Illustrative Examples: Power Distribution Engineer;Illuminating Engineer; Relay Engineer
17-2072 Electronics Engineers, Except ComputerResearch, design, develop, and test electroniccomponents and systems for commercial, industrial,
military, or scientific use utilizing knowledge ofelectronic theory and materials properties. Designelectronic circuits and components for use in fieldssuch as telecommunications, aerospace guidance andpropulsion control, acoustics, or instruments andcontrols. Exclude "Computer Hardware Engineers"(17-2061).Illustrative Examples: Communications Engineer;Circuit Design Engineer; Guidance and ControlSystems Engineer
17-2073 Electrical Engineers, Non-R&DDesign, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturingand installation of electrical equipment, components,or systems for commercial, industrial, military, orscientific use. Exclude "Computer HardwareEngineers, Non-R&D" (17-2062).
17-2074 Electrical Engineers, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeperforming research and development activitiesrelating to their work as Electrical Engineers.Exclude "Computer Hardware Engineers, R&D"(17-2063).
17-2075 Electronics Engineers, ExceptComputer, Non-R&DDesign, develop, and test electronic components andsystems for commercial, industrial, military, orscientific use utilizing knowledge of electronictheory and materials properties. Design electroniccircuits and components for use in fields such astelecommunications, aerospace guidance andpropulsion control, acoustics, or instruments &controls. Exclude "Computer Hardware Engineers,Non-R&D" (17-2062).
17-2076 Electronics Engineers, ExceptComputer, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeperforming research and development activitiesrelating to their work as Electronics Engineers,Except Computer. Exclude "Computer HardwareEngineers, R&D" (17-2063).
17-2081 Environmental Engineers(Public Health Engineer) Design, plan, or performengineering duties in the prevention, control, andremediation of environmental health hazardsutilizing various engineering disciplines. Work mayinclude waste treatment, site remediation, orpollution control technology.Illustrative Examples: Soil Engineer; IndustrialHygiene Engineer; Pollution Control Engineer
17-2111 Health and Safety Engineers, ExceptMining Safety Engineers and Inspectors(Industrial Health Engineer) Promote worksite orproduct safety by applying knowledge of industrialprocesses, mechanics, chemistry, psychology, andindustrial health and safety laws. Include industrialproduct safety engineers.Illustrative Examples: Fire-Protection Engineer;Product Safety Engineer
17-2112 Industrial Engineers(Industrial Quality Control Engineer) Design,develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems formanaging industrial production processes includinghuman work factors, quality control, inventorycontrol, logistics and material flow, cost analysis,and production coordination. Exclude "Health andSafety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineersand Inspectors" (17-2111).Illustrative Examples: Packaging Engineer; TimeStudy Engineer; Plant Engineer
17-2121 Marine Engineers and Naval ArchitectsDesign, develop, and evaluate the operation ofmarine vessels, ship machinery, and relatedequipment, such as power supply and propulsionsystems.Illustrative Examples: Marine Architect; PortEngineer; Ship Surveyor
17-2131 Materials Engineers(Ceramic Engineer, Metallurgical Engineer)Evaluate materials and develop machinery andprocesses to manufacture materials for use inproducts that must meet specialized design andperformance specifications. Develop new uses forknown materials. Include those working withcomposite materials or specializing in one type ofmaterial, such as graphite, metal and metal alloys,ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, andnaturally occurring materials. Include metallurgistsand metallurgical engineers, ceramic engineers, andwelding engineers.Illustrative Example: Corrosion Engineer
17-2141 Mechanical EngineersPerform engineering duties in planning anddesigning tools, engines, machines, and othermechanically functioning equipment. Overseeinstallation, operation, maintenance, and repair ofsuch equipment as centralized heat, gas, water, andsteam systems.Illustrative Examples: Combustion Engineer; PlantEquipment Engineer; Hydraulic Engineer
17-2143 Mechanical Engineers, Non-R&DPerform engineering duties in planning anddesigning tools, engines, machines, and othermechanically functioning equipment. Overseeinstallation, operation, maintenance, and repair ofsuch equipment as centralized heat, gas, water, andsteam systems.
17-2144 Mechanical Engineers, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeperforming research and development activitiesrelating to their work as Mechanical Engineers.
17-2151 Mining and Geological Engineers,Including Mining Safety EngineersDetermine the location and plan the extraction ofcoal, metallic ores, nonmetallic minerals, andbuilding materials, such as stone and gravel. Workinvolves conducting preliminary surveys of depositsor undeveloped mines and planning theirdevelopment; examining deposits or mines todetermine whether they can be worked at a profit;making geological and topographical surveys;evolving methods of mining best suited to character,type, and size of deposits; and supervising miningoperations.Illustrative Examples: Exploration Engineer;Mineral Engineer; Mine Equipment DesignEngineer
17-2161 Nuclear EngineersConduct research on nuclear engineering problemsor apply principles and theory of nuclear science toproblems concerned with release, control, andutilization of nuclear energy and nuclear wastedisposal.Illustrative Examples: Atomic Process Engineer;Radiation Engineer; Reactor Engineer
17-2171 Petroleum EngineersDevise methods to improve oil and gas wellproduction and determine the need for new ormodified tool designs. Oversee drilling and offertechnical advice to achieve economical andsatisfactory progress.
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Illustrative Examples: Drilling Engineer; NaturalGas Engineer; Oil Well Surveying Engineer
17-2199 Engineers, All OtherAll engineers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Optical Engineer; SalvageEngineer; Ordnance Engineer
17-3011 Architectural and Civil DraftersPrepare detailed drawings of architectural andstructural features of buildings or drawings andtopographical relief maps used in civil engineeringprojects, such as highways, bridges, and publicworks. Utilize knowledge of building materials,engineering practices, and mathematics to completedrawings.Illustrative Example: Structural Drafter
17-3012 Electrical and Electronics DraftersPrepare wiring diagrams, circuit board assemblydiagrams, and layout drawings used for manufacture,installation, and repair of electrical equipment infactories, power plants, and buildings.
17-3013 Mechanical Drafters(Die Designer) Prepare detailed working diagramsof machinery and mechanical devices, includingdimensions, fastening methods, and otherengineering information.Illustrative Example: Aeronautical Drafter
17-3019 Drafters, All OtherAll drafters not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Geological Drafter;Hull Drafter
17-3021 Aerospace Engineering and OperationsTechniciansOperate, install, calibrate, and maintain integratedcomputer/communications systems consoles,simulators, and other data acquisition, test, andmeasurement instruments and equipment to launch,track, position, and evaluate air and space vehicles.May record and interpret test data.Illustrative Examples: Wind Tunnel Technician;Flight Data Technician; Altitude ChamberTechnician
17-3022 Civil Engineering TechniciansApply theory and principles of civil engineering inplanning, designing, and overseeing constructionand maintenance of structures and facilities underthe direction of engineering staff or physicalscientists.Illustrative Example: Highway Technician
17-3023 Electrical and Electronic EngineeringTechniciansApply electrical and electronic theory and relatedknowledge, usually under the direction ofengineering staff, to design, build, repair, calibrate,and modify electrical components, circuitry,controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluationand use by engineering staff in making engineeringdesign decisions. Exclude "Broadcast Technicians"(27-4012).Illustrative Examples: Calibration LaboratoryTechnician; Semiconductor DevelopmentTechnician; Instrumentation Technician
17-3024 Electro-Mechanical TechniciansOperate, test, and maintain unmanned, automated,servo-mechanical, or electromechanical equipment.May operate unmanned submarines, aircraft, or otherequipment at worksites, such as oil rigs, deep oceanexploration, or hazardous waste removal. May assistengineers in testing and designing roboticsequipment.
17-3025 Environmental Engineering TechniciansApply theory and principles of environmentalengineering to modify, test, and operate equipmentand devices used in the prevention, control, andremediation of environmental pollution, includingwaste treatment and site remediation. May assist inthe development of environmental pollutionremediation devices under direction of engineer.Illustrative Examples: Air Analysis Technician; SoilTechnician
17-3026 Industrial Engineering TechniciansApply engineering theory and principles to problemsof industrial layout or manufacturing production,usually under the direction of engineering staff. Maystudy and record time, motion, method, and speedinvolved in performance of production, maintenance,clerical, and other worker operations for suchpurposes as establishing standard production rates orimproving efficiency.Illustrative Examples: Methods Study Analyst;Quality Control Technician; Time Study Analyst
17-3027 Mechanical Engineering TechniciansApply theory and principles of mechanicalengineering to modify, develop, and test machineryand equipment under direction of engineering staffor physical scientists.Illustrative Examples: Heat Transfer Technician;Optomechanical Technician; Tool Analyst
17-3029 Engineering Technicians, ExceptDrafters, All OtherAll engineering technicians, except drafters, notlisted separately.Illustrative Examples: Laser Specialist; MetallurgicalTechnician; Material Stress Tester
17-3031 Surveying and Mapping TechniciansPerform surveying and mapping duties, usuallyunder the direction of a surveyor, cartographer, orphotogrammetrist to obtain data used forconstruction, mapmaking, boundary location,mining, or other purposes. May calculatemapmaking information and create maps fromsource data, such as surveying notes, aerialphotography, satellite data, or other maps to showtopographical features, political boundaries, andother features. May verify accuracy andcompleteness of topographical maps. Exclude"Surveyors" (17-1022), "Cartographers andPhotogrammetrists" (17-1021), and "Geoscientists,Except Hydrologists and Geographers" (19-2042).Illustrative Examples: Cartographic Technician;Map Drafter; Stereo Map Plotter Operator
LIFE, PHYSICAL, AND SOCIAL SCIENCEOCCUPATIONS
19-1021 Biochemists and BiophysicistsStudy the chemical composition and physicalprinciples of living cells and organisms, theirelectrical and mechanical energy, and relatedphenomena. May conduct research to furtherunderstanding of the complex chemicalcombinations and reactions involved in metabolism,reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determinethe effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, andother substances on tissues and vital processes ofliving organisms.
19-1022 Microbiologists(Cytologist) Investigate the growth, structure,development, and other characteristics ofmicroscopic organisms, such as bacteria, algae, orfungi. Include medical microbiologists who studythe relationship between organisms and disease orthe effects of antibiotics on microorganisms.
Illustrative Examples: Bacteriologist; Virologist
19-1023 Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists(Ecologist, Herpetologist) Study the origins,behavior, diseases, genetics, and life processes ofanimals and wildlife. May specialize in wildliferesearch and management, including the collectionand analysis of biological data to determine theenvironmental effects of present and potential use ofland and water areas.Illustrative Example: Ornithologist
19-1029 Biological Scientists, All OtherAll biological scientists not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Geneticist; Paleobotanist;Plant Taxonomist
19-1031 Conservation ScientistsManage, improve, and protect natural resources tomaximize their use without damaging theenvironment. May conduct soil surveys and developplans to eliminate soil erosion or to protectrangelands from fire and rodent damage. Mayinstruct farmers, agricultural production managers,or ranchers in best ways to use crop rotation, contourplowing, or terracing to conserve soil and water; inthe number and kind of livestock and forage plantsbest suited to particular ranges; and in range andfarm improvements, such as fencing and reservoirsfor stock watering. Exclude "Zoologists and WildlifeBiologists" (19-1023) and "Foresters" (19-1032).Illustrative Examples: Range Manager;Conservation Officer
19-1032 ForestersManage forested lands for economic, recreational,and conservation purposes. May inventory the type,amount, and location of standing timber, appraise thetimber's worth, negotiate the purchase, and draw upcontracts for procurement. May determine how toconserve wildlife habitats, creek beds, water quality,and soil stability, and how best to comply withenvironmental regulations. May devise plans forplanting and growing new trees, monitor trees forhealthy growth, and determine the best time forharvesting. Develop forest management plans forpublic and privately-owned forested lands.Illustrative Examples: Forest Ecologist; TimberManagement Specialist
19-1041 EpidemiologistsInvestigate and describe the determinants anddistribution of disease, disability, and other healthoutcomes and develop the means for prevention andcontrol.Illustrative Example: Malariologist
19-1042 Medical Scientists, ExceptEpidemiologists(Pharmacologist) Conduct research dealing with theunderstanding of human diseases and theimprovement of human health. Engage in clinicalinvestigation or other research, production, technicalwriting, or related activities. Include medicalscientists such as physicians, dentists, public healthspecialists, pharmacologists, and medicalpathologists. Exclude practitioners who providemedical or dental care or dispense drugs. Exclude“Microbiologist” (19-1022).Illustrative Examples: Cancer Researcher;Toxicologist
19-1099 Life Scientists, All OtherAll life scientists not listed separately.
19-2011 AstronomersObserve, research, and interpret celestial andastronomical phenomena to increase basic
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knowledge and apply such information to practicalproblems.
19-2012 PhysicistsConduct research into the phases of physicalphenomena, develop theories and laws on the basisof observation and experiments, and devise methodsto apply laws and theories to industry and otherfields.Illustrative Examples: Fluid Dynamicist;Rheologist; Thermodynamicist
19-2021 Atmospheric and Space Scientists(Meteorologist) Investigate atmospheric phenomenaand interpret meteorological data gathered bysurface and air stations, satellites, and radar toprepare reports and forecasts for public and otheruses. Include weather analysts and forecasters whosefunctions require the detailed knowledge of ameteorologist.Illustrative Examples: Climatologist; WeatherForecaster
19-2031 ChemistsConduct qualitative and quantitative chemicalanalyses or chemical experiments in laboratories forquality or process control or to develop newproducts or knowledge. Exclude "Geoscientists,Except Hydrologists and Geographers" (19-2042)and "Biochemists and Biophysicists" (19-1021).Illustrative Examples: Inorganic Chemist;Chemical Analyst
19-2032 Materials ScientistsResearch and study the structures and chemicalproperties of various natural and manmade materials,including metals, alloys, rubber, ceramics,semiconductors, polymers, and glass. Determineways to strengthen or combine materials or developnew materials with new or specific properties for usein a variety of products and applications. Includeglass scientists, ceramic scientists, metallurgicalscientists, and polymer scientists.
19-2041 Environmental Scientists andSpecialists, Including HealthConduct research or perform investigation for thepurpose of identifying, abating, or eliminatingsources of pollutants or hazards that affect either theenvironment or the health of the population.Utilizing knowledge of various scientific disciplinesmay collect, synthesize, study, report, and takeaction based on data derived from measurements orobservations of air, food, soil, water, and othersources. Exclude "Zoologists and WildlifeBiologists" (19-1023), "Conservation Scientists"(19-1031), "Forest and Conservation Technicians"(19-4093), "Fish and Game Wardens" (33-3031),and "Forest and Conservation Workers" (45-4011).Illustrative Examples: Environmental Analyst;Water Pollution Specialist
19-2042 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists andGeographers(Seismologist) Study the composition, structure, andother physical aspects of the earth. May usegeological, physics, and mathematics knowledge inexploration for oil, gas, minerals, or undergroundwater; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, orother environmental problems. May study the earth'sinternal composition, atmospheres, oceans, and itsmagnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includemineralogists, crystallographers, paleontologists,stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.Illustrative Examples: Oceanographer;Paleontologist
19-2043 HydrologistsResearch the distribution, circulation, and physicalproperties of underground and surface waters; studythe form and intensity of precipitation, its rate ofinfiltration into the soil, movement through theearth, and its return to the ocean and atmosphere.Illustrative Example: Hydrogeologist
19-2044 Environmental Scientists andSpecialists, Including Health, Non-R&DStudy or perform investigations for the purpose ofidentifying, abating, or eliminating sources ofpollutants or hazards that affect either theenvironment or the health of the population.Utilizing knowledge of various scientific disciplines,may collect, synthesize, study, report, and takeaction based on data derived from measurements orobservations of air, food, soil, water, and othersources.
19-2045 Environmental Scientists andSpecialists, Including Health, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeperforming research and development activitiesrelating to their work as Environmental Scientistsand Specialists, Including Health.
19-2099 Physical Scientists, All OtherAll physical scientists not listed separately.
19-3011 EconomistsConduct research, prepare reports, or formulateplans to aid in solution of economic problems arisingfrom production and distribution of goods andservices. May collect and process economic andstatistical data using econometric and samplingtechniques. Exclude "Market Research Analysts"(19-3021).Illustrative Examples: Econometrician; EconomicResearch Analyst; Industrial Economist
19-3021 Market Research AnalystsResearch market conditions in local, regional, ornational areas to determine potential sales of aproduct or service. May gather information oncompetitors, prices, sales, and methods of marketingand distribution. May use survey results to create amarketing campaign based on regional preferencesand buying habits.Illustrative Examples: Advertising Analyst;Marketing Consultant; Marketing Forecaster
19-3022 Survey Researchers(Pollster) Design or conduct surveys. May superviseinterviewers who conduct the survey in person orover the telephone. May present survey results toclient. Exclude "Statisticians" (15-2041),"Economists" (19-3011), and "Market ResearchAnalysts" (19-3021).
19-3031 Clinical, Counseling, and SchoolPsychologistsDiagnose and treat mental disorders; learningdisabilities; and cognitive, behavioral, and emotionalproblems using individual, child, family, and grouptherapies. May design and implement behaviormodification programs.Illustrative Examples: Vocational Psychologist;Child Psychologist
19-3032 Industrial-Organizational PsychologistsApply principles of psychology to personnel,administration, management, sales, and marketingproblems. Activities may include policy planning;employee screening, training and development; andorganizational development and analysis. May workwith management to reorganize the work setting toimprove worker productivity.
Illustrative Example: Engineering Psychologist
19-3036 Clinical, Counseling, and SchoolPsychologists, Non R&DDiagnose and treat mental disorders; learningdisabilities; and cognitive, behavioral, and emotionalproblems using individual, child, family, and grouptherapies.
19-3037 Clinical, Counseling, and SchoolPsychologists, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeconducting psychological research.
19-3039 Psychologists, All OtherAll psychologists not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Social Psychologist; Psychometrist
19-3041 SociologistsStudy human society and social behavior byexamining the groups and social institutions thatpeople form, as well as various social, religious,political, and business organizations. May study thebehavior and interaction of groups, trace their originand growth, and analyze the influence of groupactivities on individual members.Illustrative Examples: Criminologist; Penologist;Social Welfare Research Worker
19-3051 Urban and Regional PlannersDevelop comprehensive plans and programs for useof land and physical facilities of local jurisdictions,such as towns, cities, counties, and metropolitanareas.Illustrative Example: City Planner
19-3091 Anthropologists and ArcheologistsStudy the origin, development, and behavior ofhumans. May study the way of life, language, orphysical characteristics of existing people in variousparts of the world. May engage in systematicrecovery and examination of material evidence, suchas tools or pottery remaining from past humancultures, in order to determine the history, customs,and living habits of earlier civilizations.Illustrative Example: Political Anthropologist
19-3092 GeographersStudy nature and use of areas of earth's surface,relating and interpreting interactions of physical andcultural phenomena. Conduct research on physicalaspects of a region, including land forms, climates,soils, plants and animals, and conduct research onthe spatial implications of human activities within agiven area, including social characteristics,economic activities, and political organization, aswell as researching interdependence between regionsat scales ranging from local to global.
19-3093 HistoriansResearch, analyze, record, and interpret the past asrecorded in sources, such as government andinstitutional records, newspapers and otherperiodicals, photographs, interviews, films, andunpublished manuscripts, such as personal diariesand letters.Illustrative Examples: Genealogist; HistoricalSociety Director
19-3094 Political ScientistsStudy the origin, development, and operation ofpolitical systems. Research a wide range of subjects,such as relations between the United States andforeign countries, the beliefs and institutions offoreign nations, or the politics of small towns or amajor metropolis. May study topics, such as publicopinion, political decision making, and ideology.May analyze the structure and operation of
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governments, as well as various political entities.May conduct public opinion surveys, analyzeelection results, or analyze public documents.Illustrative Examples: Political Analyst; PoliticalConsultant
19-3099 Social Scientists and Related Workers,All OtherAll social scientists and related workers not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Ethnologist; Linguist;Philologist
19-4011 Agricultural and Food ScienceTechniciansWork with agricultural scientists in food, fiber, andanimal research, production, and processing; assistwith animal breeding and nutrition work; undersupervision, conduct tests and experiments toimprove yield and quality of crops or to increase theresistance of plants and animals to disease or insects.Include technicians who assist food scientists orfood technologists in the research, development,production technology, quality control, packaging,processing, and use of foods.Illustrative Examples: Inseminator; Feed ResearchTechnician; Dairy Technologist
19-4021 Biological TechniciansAssist biological and medical scientists inlaboratories. Set up, operate, and maintain laboratoryinstruments and equipment, monitor experiments,make observations, and calculate and record results.May analyze organic substances, such as blood,food, and drugs.Illustrative Examples: Biotechnologist; WildlifeTechnician; Specimen Technician
19-4031 Chemical Technicians(Assayer) Conduct chemical and physical laboratorytests to assist scientists in making qualitative andquantitative analyses of solids, liquids, and gaseousmaterials for purposes, such as research anddevelopment of new products or processes, qualitycontrol, maintenance of environmental standards,and other work involving experimental, theoretical,or practical application of chemistry and relatedsciences.Illustrative Examples: Fiber Analyst; Paint Tester
19-4041 Geological and Petroleum TechniciansAssist scientists in the use of electrical, sonic, ornuclear measuring instruments in both laboratoryand production activities to obtain data indicatingpotential sources of metallic ore, gas, or petroleum.Analyze mud and drill cuttings. Chart pressure,temperature, and other characteristics of wells orbore holes. Investigate and collect informationleading to the possible discovery of new oil fields.Illustrative Examples: Field Scout; Crude Tester;Seismic Observer
19-4051 Nuclear TechniciansAssist scientists in both laboratory and productionactivities by performing technical tasks involvingnuclear physics, primarily in operation, maintenance,production, and quality control support activities.Illustrative Examples: Accelerator Operator;Radiation Monitor
19-4061 Social Science Research AssistantsAssist social scientists in laboratory, survey, andother social research. May perform publicationactivities, laboratory analysis, quality control, or datamanagement. Normally these individuals work underthe direct supervision of a social scientist and assistin those activities which are more routine. Exclude
"Graduate Teaching Assistants" (25-1191) who bothteach and do research.Illustrative Examples: City Planning Aide;Economic Research Assistant; Historian ResearchAssistant
19-4091 Environmental Science and ProtectionTechnicians, Including HealthPerforms laboratory and field tests to monitor theenvironment and investigate sources of pollution,including those that affect health. Under direction ofan environmental scientist or specialist, may collectsamples of gases, soil, water, and other materials fortesting and take corrective actions as assigned.Illustrative Example: Pollution Control Technician
19-4092 Forensic Science Technicians(Polygraph Examiner) Collect, identify, classify,and analyze physical evidence related to criminalinvestigations. Perform tests on weapons orsubstances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue todetermine significance to investigation. May testifyas expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratorytechniques. May serve as specialists in area ofexpertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting,handwriting, or biochemistry.Illustrative Examples: Ballistic Expert; FingerprintClassifier
19-4093 Forest and Conservation TechniciansCompile data pertaining to size, content, condition,and other characteristics of forest tracts, underdirection of foresters; train and lead forest workersin forest propagation, fire prevention andsuppression. May assist conservation scientists inmanaging, improving, and protecting rangelands andwildlife habitats, and help provide technicalassistance regarding the conservation of soil, water,and related natural resources.Illustrative Examples: Grazing Examiner; SoilTester; Tree Warden
19-4099 Life, Physical, and Social ScienceTechnicians, All OtherAll life, physical, and social science technicians notlisted separately.Illustrative Examples: Laser Technician;Radiographer; Meteorological Aide
COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL SERVICESOCCUPATIONS
21-1011 Substance Abuse and BehavioralDisorder CounselorsCounsel and advise individuals with alcohol,tobacco, drug, or other problems, such as gamblingand eating disorders. May counsel individuals,families, or groups or engage in preventionprograms. Exclude "Social Workers" (21-1021through 21-1029), "Psychologists" (19-3031through 19-3039), and "Mental Health Counselors"(21-1014) providing these services.Illustrative Examples: Addiction Counselor;Chemical Dependency Counselor; Drug Counselor
21-1012 Educational, Vocational, and SchoolCounselors(Guidance Counselor) Counsel individuals andprovide group educational and vocational guidanceservices.Illustrative Examples: Curriculum Counselor;Educational Adviser
21-1013 Marriage and Family Therapists(Marriage Counselor) Diagnose and treat mentaland emotional disorders, whether cognitive,affective, or behavioral, within the context ofmarriage and family systems. Apply
psychotherapeutic and family systems theories andtechniques in the delivery of professional services toindividuals, couples, and families for the purpose oftreating such diagnosed nervous and mentaldisorders. Exclude "Social Workers" (21-1021through 21-1029) and "Psychologists" of all types(19-3031 through 19-3039).Illustrative Example: Family Counselor
21-1014 Mental Health CounselorsCounsel with emphasis on prevention. Work withindividuals and groups to promote optimum mentalhealth. May help individuals deal with addictionsand substance abuse; family, parenting, and maritalproblems; suicide; stress management; problemswith self-esteem; and issues associated with agingand mental and emotional health. Exclude "SocialWorkers" (21-1021 through 21-1029),"Psychiatrists" (29-1066), and "Psychologists" (19-3031 through 19-3039).
21-1015 Rehabilitation CounselorsCounsel individuals to maximize the independenceand employability of persons coping with personal,social, and vocational difficulties that result frombirth defects, illness, disease, accidents, or the stressof daily life. Coordinate activities for residents ofcare and treatment facilities. Assess client needs anddesign and implement rehabilitation programs thatmay include personal and vocational counseling,training, and job placement.Illustrative Examples: Coordinator of RehabilitationServices; Homemaking Rehabilitation Consultant
21-1019 Counselors, All OtherAll counselors not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Mental Hygienist; Race RelationsAdviser
21-1021 Child, Family, and School SocialWorkers(Foster Care Worker) Provide social services andassistance to improve the social and psychologicalfunctioning of children and their families and tomaximize the family well-being and the academicfunctioning of children. May assist single parents,arrange adoptions, and find foster homes forabandoned or abused children. In schools, theyaddress such problems as teenage pregnancy,misbehavior, and truancy. May also advise teacherson how to deal with problem children.Illustrative Examples: Adoption Agent; Child AbuseWorker
21-1022 Medical and Public Health SocialWorkersProvide persons, families, or vulnerable populationswith the psychosocial support needed to cope withchronic, acute, or terminal illnesses, such asAlzheimer's, cancer, or AIDS. Services includeadvising family care givers, providing patienteducation and counseling, and making necessaryreferrals for other social services.Illustrative Examples: Bereavement Counselor;Hospice Social Worker; Medical Caseworker
21-1023 Mental Health and Substance AbuseSocial WorkersAssess and treat individuals with mental, emotional,or substance abuse problems, including abuse ofalcohol, tobacco, and/or other drugs. Activities mayinclude individual and group therapy, crisisintervention, case management, client advocacy,prevention, and education.Illustrative Examples: Community Mental HealthWorker; Psychiatric Social Worker
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21-1029 Social Workers, All OtherAll social workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Case Worker; CaseSupervisor; Welfare Investigator
21-1091 Health Educators(Public Health Analyst) Promote, maintain, andimprove individual and community health byassisting individuals and communities to adopthealthy behaviors. Collect and analyze data toidentify community needs prior to planning,implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programsdesigned to encourage healthy lifestyles, policies andenvironments. May also serve as a resource to assistindividuals, other professionals, or the community,and may administer fiscal resources for healtheducation programs.Illustrative Examples: Public Health Advisor;Public Health Representative
21-1092 Probation Officers and CorrectionalTreatment SpecialistsProvide social services to assist in rehabilitation oflaw offenders in custody or on probation or parole.Make recommendations for actions involvingformulation of rehabilitation plan and treatment ofoffender, including conditional release and educationand employment stipulations.Illustrative Examples: Attendance Officer; ParoleOfficer
21-1093 Social and Human Service AssistantsAssist professionals from a wide variety of fields,such as psychology, rehabilitation, or social work, toprovide client services, as well as support forfamilies. May assist clients in identifying availablebenefits and social and community services and helpclients obtain them. May assist social workers withdeveloping, organizing, and conducting programs toprevent and resolve problems relevant to substanceabuse, human relationships, rehabilitation, or adultdaycare. Exclude "Rehabilitation Counselors" (21-1015), "Personal and Home Care Aides" (39-9021),"Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs"(43-4061), and "Psychiatric Technicians" (29-2053).Illustrative Examples: Case Aide; Home Visitor;Human Services Worker
21-1099 Community and Social ServiceSpecialists, All OtherAll community and social service specialists notlisted separately.Illustrative Examples: Community OrganizationWorker; Veteran's Service Officer
21-2011 ClergyConduct religious worship and perform otherspiritual functions associated with beliefs andpractices of religious faith or denomination. Providespiritual and moral guidance and assistance tomembers.Illustrative Examples: Bishop; Parish Priest; Rabbi
21-2021 Directors, Religious Activities andEducationDirect and coordinate activities of a denominationalgroup to meet religious needs of students. Plan,direct, or coordinate church school programsdesigned to promote religious education amongchurch membership. May provide counseling andguidance relative to marital, health, financial, andreligious problems.Illustrative Examples: Director of ReligiousEducation; Minister of Education; Youth Director
21-2099 Religious Workers, All OtherAll religious workers not listed separately.
Illustrative Examples: Religious Healer;Ecclesiastical Worker; Missionary
LEGAL OCCUAPTIONS
23-1011 Lawyers(District Attorney, Public Defender) Representclients in criminal and civil litigation and other legalproceedings, draw up legal documents, and manageor advise clients on legal transactions. Mayspecialize in a single area or may practice broadly inmany areas of law.Illustrative Examples: Attorney; Real EstateAttorney; Corporate Counsel
23-1021 Administrative Law Judges,Adjudicators, and Hearing OfficersConduct hearings to decide or recommend decisionson claims concerning government programs or othergovernment-related matters and prepare decisions.Determine penalties or the existence and the amountof liability, or recommend the acceptance orrejection of claims, or compromise settlements.Illustrative Example: Traffic Court Referee
23-1022 Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators(Ombudsman) Facilitate negotiation and conflictresolution through dialogue. Resolve conflictsoutside of the court system by mutual consent ofparties involved.
23-1023 Judges, Magistrate Judges, andMagistratesArbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice ina court of law. May sentence defendant in criminalcases according to government statutes. Maydetermine liability of defendant in civil cases. Mayissue marriage licenses and perform weddingceremonies.Illustrative Examples: Circuit Court Judge; Jurist;Justice
23-2011 Paralegals and Legal AssistantsAssist lawyers by researching legal precedent,investigating facts, or preparing legal documents.Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, toformulate a defense, or to initiate legal action.Illustrative Examples: Legal Assistant; LegalInvestigator
23-2091 Court Reporters(Stenocaptioner) Use verbatim methods andequipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribepretrial and trial proceedings or other information.Include stenocaptioners who operate computerizedstenographic captioning equipment to providecaptions of live or prerecorded broadcasts forhearing-impaired viewers.Illustrative Examples: Court Transcriber; MaskReporter
23-2092 Law ClerksAssist lawyers or judges by researching or preparinglegal documents. May meet with clients or assistlawyers and judges in court. Exclude "Lawyers"(23-1011) and "Paralegals and Legal Assistants"(23-2011).Illustrative Example: Legal Clerk
23-2093 Title Examiners, Abstractors, andSearchersSearch real estate records, examine titles, orsummarize pertinent legal or insurance details for avariety of purposes. May compile lists of mortgages,contracts, and other instruments pertaining to titlesby searching public and private records for lawfirms, real estate agencies, or title insurancecompanies.
23-2099 Legal Support Workers, All OtherAll legal support workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Brief Writer; LegislativeAide; Patent Examiner
EDUCATION, TRAINING, AND LIBRARYOCCUAPTIONS
25-1011 Business Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in business administration andmanagement, such as accounting, finance, humanresources, labor relations, marketing, and operationsresearch. Include both teachers primarily engaged inteaching and those who do a combination of bothteaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Accounting Teacher;Marketing Teacher; Shorthand Teacher
25-1021 Computer Science Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in computer science. May specializein a field of computer science, such as the design andfunction of computers or operations and researchanalysis. Include both teachers primarily engaged inteaching and those who do a combination of bothteaching and research.
25-1022 Mathematical Science Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses pertaining to mathematical concepts,statistics, and actuarial science and to the applicationof original and standardized mathematicaltechniques in solving specific problems andsituations. Include both teachers primarily engagedin teaching and those who do a combination of bothteaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Actuarial Science Teacher;Calculus Teacher; Geometry Teacher
25-1031 Architecture Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in architecture and architecturaldesign, such as architectural environmental design,interior architecture/design, and landscapearchitecture. Include both teachers primarilyengaged in teaching and those who do a combinationof both teaching and research.Illustrative Example: Landscape ArchitectureTeacher
25-1032 Engineering Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses pertaining to the application ofphysical laws and principles of engineering for thedevelopment of machines, materials, instruments,processes, and services. Include teachers of subjects,such as chemical, civil, electrical, industrial,mechanical, mineral, and petroleum engineering.Include both teachers primarily engaged in teachingand those who do a combination of both teachingand research. Exclude "Computer Science Teachers,Postsecondary" (25-1021).Illustrative Examples: Aeronautics EngineeringTeacher; Civil Engineering Teacher; ElectricalEngineering Teacher
25-1041 Agricultural Sciences Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in the agricultural sciences. Includeteachers of agronomy, dairy sciences, fisheriesmanagement, horticultural sciences, poultrysciences, range management, and agricultural soilconservation. Include both teachers primarilyengaged in teaching and those who do a combinationof both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Dairy Science Teacher;
25-1042 Biological Science Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in biological sciences. Include bothteachers primarily engaged in teaching and thosewho do a combination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Bacteriology Teacher;Biochemistry Teacher; Genetics Teacher
25-1043 Forestry and Conservation ScienceTeachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in environmental and conservationscience. Include both teachers primarily engaged inteaching and those who do a combination of bothteaching and research. Exclude "AgriculturalScience Teachers" (25-1041).Illustrative Examples: Forest Management Teacher;Forest Pathology Teacher
25-1051 Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and SpaceSciences Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in the physical sciences, exceptchemistry and physics. Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching, and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Climatology Teacher;Geology Teacher; Oceanography Teacher
25-1052 Chemistry Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses pertaining to the chemical andphysical properties and compositional changes ofsubstances. Work may include instruction in themethods of qualitative and quantitative chemicalanalysis. Include both teachers primarily engaged inteaching, and those who do a combination of bothteaching and research. Exclude "Biological ScienceTeachers, Postsecondary" (25-1042) who teachbiochemistry.Illustrative Examples: Food Technology Teacher;Pharmacognosy Teacher
25-1053 Environmental Science Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in environmental science. Includeboth teachers primarily engaged in teaching andthose who do a combination of both teaching andresearch.
25-1054 Physics Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses pertaining to the laws of matter andenergy. Include both teachers primarily engaged inteaching and those who do a combination of bothteaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Aerodynamics Teacher;Ballistics Teacher; Thermodynamics Teacher
25-1061 Anthropology and Archeology Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in anthropology or archeology.Include both teachers primarily engaged in teachingand those who do a combination of both teachingand research.Illustrative Example: Paleology Teacher
25-1062 Area, Ethnic, and Cultural StudiesTeachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses pertaining to the culture anddevelopment of an area (e.g., Latin America), anethnic group, or any other group (e.g., women'sstudies, urban affairs). Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Example: Ethnology Teacher
25-1063 Economics Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in economics. Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Agricultural EconomicsTeacher; Industrial Economics Teacher
25-1064 Geography Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in geography. Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Example: Cartography Teacher
25-1065 Political Science Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in political science, internationalaffairs, and international relations. Include bothteachers primarily engaged in teaching and thosewho do a combination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Government Teacher;International Relations Teacher; Public PolicyTeacher
25-1066 Psychology Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in psychology, such as child, clinical,and developmental psychology, and psychologicalcounseling. Include both teachers primarily engagedin teaching and those who do a combination of bothteaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Child Development Teacher;Human Relations Teacher; Applied PsychologyTeacher
25-1067 Sociology Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in sociology. Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.
25-1069 Social Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary,All OtherAll postsecondary social sciences teachers not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Urban Planning Teacher;Labor Relations Teacher; Survey Research Teacher25-1071 Health Specialties Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in health specialties, such asveterinary medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, therapy,laboratory technology, and public health. Exclude"Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary"(25-1072) and "Biological Science Teachers,Postsecondary" (25-1042) who teach medicalscience.Illustrative Examples: Pharmacology Teacher;Dentistry Teacher; Nutrition Teacher
25-1072 Nursing Instructors and Teachers,PostsecondaryDemonstrate and teach patient care in classroom andclinical units to nursing students. Include bothteachers primarily engaged in teaching and thosewho do a combination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Registered NursingInstructor; Practical Nursing Instructor; NursesAide Instructor
25-1081 Education Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses pertaining to education, such ascounseling, curriculum, guidance, instruction,teacher education, and teaching English as a secondlanguage. Include both teachers primarily engaged inteaching and those who do a combination of bothteaching and research.
25-1082 Library Science Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in library science. Include bothteachers primarily engaged in teaching and thosewho do a combination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Example: Teacher of Medical RecordLibrarians
25-1111 Criminal Justice and Law EnforcementTeachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in criminal justice, corrections, andlaw enforcement administration. Include bothteachers primarily engaged in teaching and thosewho do a combination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Criminology Teacher;Penology Teacher
25-1112 Law Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in law. Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.
25-1113 Social Work Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in social work. Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.
25-1121 Art, Drama, and Music Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in drama, music, and the artsincluding fine and applied art, such as painting andsculpture, or design and crafts. Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Photography Teacher; PianoTeacher; Music Director
25-1122 Communications Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in communications, such asorganizational communications, public relations,radio/television broadcasting, and journalism.Include both teachers primarily engaged in teachingand those who do a combination of both teachingand research.Illustrative Examples: Journalism Teacher; PublicSpeaking Teacher
25-1123 English Language and LiteratureTeachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in English language and literature,including linguistics and comparative literature.Include both teachers primarily engaged in teachingand those who do a combination of both teachingand research.Illustrative Examples: Classics Teacher; EtymologyTeacher; Creative Writing Teacher
25-1124 Foreign Language and LiteratureTeachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in foreign (i.e., other than English)languages and literature. Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Arabic Teacher; RussianTeacher; Spanish Teacher
25-1125 History Teachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses in human history and historiography.Include both teachers primarily engaged in teachingand those who do a combination of both teachingand research.
25-1126 Philosophy and Religion Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in philosophy, religion, and theology.Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching
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and those who do a combination of both teachingand research.Illustrative Examples: Divinity Teacher;Metaphysics Teacher; Theology Teacher
25-1191 Graduate Teaching AssistantsAssist department chairperson, faculty members, orother professional staff members in college oruniversity by performing teaching or teaching-related duties, such as teaching lower level courses,developing teaching materials, preparing and givingexaminations, and grading examinations or papers.Graduate assistants must be enrolled in a graduateschool program. Graduate assistants who primarilyperform non-teaching duties, such as laboratoryresearch, should be reported in the occupationalcategory related to the work performed.
25-1192 Home Economics Teachers,PostsecondaryTeach courses in child care, family relations,finance, nutrition, and related subjects as pertainingto home management. Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Food and Nutrition Teacher;Sewing Teacher
25-1193 Recreation and Fitness StudiesTeachers, PostsecondaryTeach courses pertaining to recreation, leisure, andfitness studies, including exercise physiology andfacilities management. Include both teachersprimarily engaged in teaching and those who do acombination of both teaching and research.Illustrative Examples: Swimming Teacher; LeisureStudies Instructor
25-1194 Vocational Education Teachers,Postsecondary(Adult Education Teacher) Teach or instructvocational or occupational subjects at thepostsecondary level (but at less than thebaccalaureate) to students who have graduated or lefthigh school. Include correspondence schoolinstructors; industrial, commercial and governmenttraining instructors; and adult education teachers andinstructors who prepare persons to operate industrialmachinery and equipment and transportation andcommunications equipment. Teaching may takeplace in public or private schools whose primarybusiness is education or in a school associated withan organization whose primary business is other thaneducation.Illustrative Examples: Real Estate Instructor; AutoMechanics Teacher; Barbering Teacher
25-1199 Postsecondary Teachers, All OtherAll postsecondary teachers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Interior Design Teacher;Military Science Teacher
25-2011 Preschool Teachers, Except SpecialEducation(Nursery School Teacher, Day Care Teacher)Instruct children (normally up to 5 years of age) inactivities designed to promote social, physical, andintellectual growth needed for primary school inpreschool, day care center, or other childdevelopment facility. May be required to hold Statecertification. Exclude "Child Care Workers"(39-9011) and "Special Education Teachers" (25-2041 through 25-2043).Illustrative Examples: Head Start Teacher;Childhood Development Teacher
25-2012 Kindergarten Teachers, Except SpecialEducationTeach elemental natural and social science, personalhygiene, music, art, and literature to children from 4to 6 years old. Promote physical, mental, and socialdevelopment. May be required to hold Statecertification. Exclude "Special Education Teachers"(25-2041 through 25-2043).
25-2021 Elementary School Teachers, ExceptSpecial EducationTeach pupils in public or private schools at theelementary level basic academic, social, and otherformative skills. Exclude "Special EducationTeachers" (25-2041 through 25-2043).
25-2022 Middle School Teachers, Except Specialand Vocational Education(Junior High School Teacher) Teach students inpublic or private schools in one or more subjects atthe middle, intermediate, or junior high level, whichfalls between elementary and senior high school asdefined by applicable State laws and regulations.Exclude "Middle School Vocational EducationTeachers" (25-2023) and "Special EducationTeachers" (25-2041 through 25-2043).
25-2023 Vocational Education Teachers, MiddleSchoolTeach or instruct vocational or occupational subjectsat the middle school level. Exclude "SpecialEducation Teachers" (25-2041 through 25-2043).
25-2031 Secondary School Teachers, ExceptSpecial and Vocational Education(High School Teacher) Instruct students insecondary public or private schools in one or moresubjects at the secondary level, such as English,mathematics, or social studies. May be designatedaccording to subject matter specialty, such as typinginstructors, commercial teachers, or Englishteachers. Exclude "Vocational Education SecondarySchool Teachers" (25-2032) and "Special EducationTeachers" (25-2041 through 25-2043).
25-2032 Vocational Education Teachers,Secondary SchoolTeach or instruct vocational or occupational subjectsat the secondary school level.
25-2041 Special Education Teachers, Preschool,Kindergarten, and Elementary SchoolTeach elementary and preschool school subjects toeducationally and physically handicapped students.Include teachers who specialize and work withaudibly and visually handicapped students and thosewho teach basic academic and life processes skills tothe mentally impaired.
25-2042 Special Education Teachers, MiddleSchoolTeach middle school subjects to educationally andphysically handicapped students. Include teacherswho specialize and work with audibly and visuallyhandicapped students and those who teach basicacademic and life processes skills to the mentallyimpaired.
25-2043 Special Education Teachers, SecondarySchoolTeach secondary school subjects to educationallyand physically handicapped students. Includeteachers who specialize and work with audibly andvisually handicapped students and those who teachbasic academic and life processes skills to thementally impaired.
25-3011 Adult Literacy, Remedial Education,and GED Teachers and InstructorsTeach or instruct out-of-school youths and adults inremedial education classes, preparatory classes forthe General Educational Development test, literacy,or English as a Second Language. Teaching may ormay not take place in a traditional educationalinstitution.Illustrative Example: Adult Education Teacher
25-3021 Self-Enrichment Education TeachersTeach or instruct courses other than those thatnormally lead to an occupational objective or degree.Courses may include self-improvement,nonvocational, and nonacademic subjects. Teachingmay or may not take place in a traditionaleducational institution.Illustrative Examples: Art Teacher; Flying Teacher;Citizenship Teacher
25-3099 Teachers and Instructors, All OtherAll teachers and instructors not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Consumer EducationSpecialist; Lecturer; Private Tutor
25-4011 ArchivistsAppraise, edit, and direct safekeeping of permanentrecords and historically valuable documents.Participate in research activities based on archivalmaterials.Illustrative Example: Docent Coordinator
25-4012 CuratorsAdminister affairs of museum and conduct researchprograms. Direct instructional, research, and publicservice activities of institution.Illustrative Examples: Art Gallery Director;Museum Director
25-4013 Museum Technicians and ConservatorsPrepare specimens, such as fossils, skeletal parts,lace, and textiles, for museum collection andexhibits. May restore documents or install, arrange,and exhibit materials.Illustrative Example: Museum Registrar
25-4021 LibrariansAdminister libraries and perform related libraryservices. Work in a variety of settings, includingpublic libraries, schools, colleges and universities,museums, corporations, government agencies, lawfirms, non-profit organizations, and healthcareproviders. Tasks may include selecting, acquiring,cataloguing, classifying, circulating, and maintaininglibrary materials; and furnishing reference,bibliographical, and readers' advisory services. Mayperform in-depth, strategic research, and synthesize,analyze, edit, and filter information. May set up orwork with databases and information systems tocatalogue and access information.Illustrative Examples: School Library MediaSpecialist; Circulation Manager
25-4031 Library Technicians(Assistant Librarian, Bookmobile Driver) Assistlibrarians by helping readers in the use of librarycatalogs, databases, and indexes to locate books andother materials; and by answering questions thatrequire only brief consultation of standard reference.Compile records; sort and shelve books; remove orrepair damaged books; register patrons; checkmaterials in and out of the circulation process.Replace materials in shelving area (stacks) or files.Include bookmobile drivers who operatebookmobiles or light trucks that pull trailers tospecific locations on a predetermined schedule andassist with providing services in mobile libraries.
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25-9011 Audio-Visual Collections SpecialistsPrepare, plan, and operate audio-visual teaching aidsfor use in education. May record, catalogue, and fileaudio-visual materials.
25-9021 Farm and Home Management Advisors(Agricultural Extension Agent, Home Economist)Advise, instruct, and assist individuals and familiesengaged in agriculture, agricultural-relatedprocesses, or home economics activities.Demonstrate procedures and apply research findingsto solve problems; instruct and train in productdevelopment, sales, and the utilization of machineryand equipment to promote general welfare. Includecounty agricultural agents, feed and farmmanagement advisers, home economists, andextension service advisors.Illustrative Examples: Feed Adviser; HomeEconomic Extension Worker
25-9031 Instructional Coordinators(Curriculum Specialist) Develop instructionalmaterial, coordinate educational content, andincorporate current technology in specialized fieldsthat provide guidelines to educators and instructorsfor developing curricula and conducting courses.Include educational consultants and specialists, andinstructional material directors.Illustrative Examples: Director of InstructionalMaterials; Educational Consultant
25-9041 Teacher Assistants(Teacher Aide) Perform duties that are instructionalin nature or deliver direct services to students orparents. Serve in a position for which a teacher oranother professional has ultimate responsibility forthe design and implementation of educationalprograms and services.Illustrative Examples: Examination Proctor; PaperGrader; Paraprofessional Teacher Aide
25-9099 Education, Training, and LibraryWorkers, All OtherAll education, training, and library workers notlisted separately.
ARTS, DESIGN, ENTERTAINMENT, SPORTS,AND MEDIA OCCUPATIONS
27-1011 Art DirectorsFormulate design concepts and presentationapproaches, and direct workers engaged in art work,layout design, and copy writing for visualcommunications media, such as magazines, books,newspapers, and packaging.
27-1012 Craft ArtistsCreate or reproduce hand-made objects for sale andexhibition using a variety of techniques, such aswelding, weaving, pottery, and needlecraft.Illustrative Examples: Architectural Modeler;Furniture Reproducer; Ivory Carver
27-1013 Fine Artists, Including Painters,Sculptors, and Illustrators(Cartoonist) Create original artwork using any of awide variety of mediums and techniques, such aspainting and sculpture.Illustrative Examples: Art Restorer; Statue Maker
27-1014 Multi-Media Artists and AnimatorsCreate special effects, animation, or other visualimages using film, video, computers, or otherelectronic tools and media for use in products orcreations, such as computer games, movies, musicvideos, and commercials.Illustrative Examples: Computer Artist; ComputerGraphics Illustrator; Special Effects Specialist
27-1019 Artists and Related Workers, All OtherAll artists and related workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Art Appraiser; Calligrapher;Inker and Opaquer
27-1021 Commercial and Industrial DesignersDevelop and design manufactured products, such ascars, home appliances, and children's toys. Combineartistic talent with research on product use,marketing, and materials to create the mostfunctional and appealing product design.Illustrative Examples: Body Stylist; ColorConsultant; Jewelry Designer
27-1022 Fashion DesignersDesign clothing and accessories. Create originalgarments or design garments that follow wellestablished fashion trends. May develop the line ofcolor and kinds of materials.Illustrative Examples: Costume Designer; CustomFurrier; Stylist
27-1023 Floral Designers(Florist) Design, cut, and arrange live, dried, orartificial flowers and foliage.Illustrative Examples: Corsage Maker; FlowerArranger
27-1024 Graphic Designers(Graphic Artist) Design or create graphics to meetspecific commercial or promotional needs, such aspackaging, displays, or logos. May use a variety ofmediums to achieve artistic or decorative effects.Illustrative Examples: Catalogue Illustrator;Layout Artist
27-1025 Interior DesignersPlan, design, and furnish interiors of residential,commercial, or industrial buildings. Formulatedesign which is practical, aesthetic, and conducive tointended purposes, such as raising productivity,selling merchandise, or improving life style. Mayspecialize in a particular field, style, or phase ofinterior design. Exclude "Merchandise Displayersand Window Trimmers" (27-1026).Illustrative Examples: Decorator; FurnitureArranger; Home Lighting Adviser
27-1026 Merchandise Displayers and WindowTrimmersPlan and erect commercial displays, such as those inwindows and interiors of retail stores and at tradeexhibitions.Illustrative Examples: Mannequin Decorator;Display Artist; Model Dresser
27-1027 Set and Exhibit DesignersDesign special exhibits and movie, television, andtheater sets. May study scripts, confer with directors,and conduct research to determine appropriatearchitectural styles.Illustrative Examples: Set Decorator; Stage SceneryDesigner
27-1029 Designers, All OtherAll designers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Copyist; Frame Stylist
27-2011 ActorsPlay parts in stage, television, radio, video, ormotion picture productions for entertainment,information, or instruction. Interpret serious orcomic role by speech, gesture, and body movementto entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing.Illustrative Examples: Elocutionist; Extra; DramaticReader
27-2012 Producers and Directors(Stage Manager) Produce or direct stage, television,radio, video, or motion picture productions forentertainment, information, or instruction.Responsible for creative decisions, such asinterpretation of script, choice of guests, set design,sound, special effects, and choreography.Illustrative Examples: Independent Film Maker;Program Arranger
27-2021 Athletes and Sports CompetitorsCompete in athletic events.Illustrative Examples: Ball Player; Jockey; RacingCar Driver
27-2022 Coaches and ScoutsInstruct or coach groups or individuals in thefundamentals of sports. Demonstrate techniques andmethods of participation. May evaluate athletes'strengths and weaknesses as possible recruits or toimprove the athletes' technique to prepare them forcompetition. Those required to hold teaching degreesshould be reported in the appropriate teachingcategory. Exclude "Athletic Trainers" (29-9091).Illustrative Examples: Boxing Trainer; HorseTrainer; Baseball Club Manager
27-2023 Umpires, Referees, and Other SportsOfficialsOfficiate at competitive athletic or sporting events.Detect infractions of rules and decide penaltiesaccording to established regulations. Include allsporting officials, referees, and competition judges.Illustrative Examples: Handicapper; PaddockJudge; Athletic Events Scorer
27-2031 DancersPerform dances. May also sing or act.
27-2032 ChoreographersCreate and teach dance. May direct and stagepresentations.Illustrative Example: Dance Director27-2041 Music Directors and ComposersConduct, direct, plan, and lead instrumental or vocalperformances by musical groups, such as orchestras,choirs, and glee clubs. Include arrangers, composers,choral directors, and orchestrators.Illustrative Examples: Choirmaster; OrchestraConductor
27-2042 Musicians and SingersPlay one or more musical instruments or entertain bysinging songs in recital, in accompaniment, or as amember of an orchestra, band, or other musicalgroup. Musical performers may entertain on-stage,radio, TV, film, video, or record in studios. Exclude"Dancers" (27-2031).Illustrative Examples: Cantor; Church Organist;Instrumentalist
27-2099 Entertainers and Performers, Sportsand Related Workers, All OtherAll entertainers and performers, sports and relatedworkers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Circus Performer; Comedian;Magician
27-3011 Radio and Television Announcers(Radio Disk Jockey) Talk on radio or television.May interview guests, act as master of ceremonies,read news flashes, identify station by giving callletters, or announce song title and artist.Illustrative Example: Broadcaster
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27-3012 Public Address System and OtherAnnouncersMake announcements over loud speaker at sportingor other public events. May act as master ofceremonies or disc jockey at weddings, parties,clubs, or other gathering places.Illustrative Examples: Ringmaster; Train Caller
27-3021 Broadcast News AnalystsAnalyze, interpret, and broadcast news receivedfrom various sources.Illustrative Examples: News Anchor;Commentator; Newscaster
27-3022 Reporters and Correspondents(Commentator, Columnist) Collect and analyzefacts about newsworthy events by interview,investigation, or observation. Report and writestories for newspaper, news magazine, radio, ortelevision. Exclude "Broadcast News Analysts"(27-3021).Illustrative Examples: Critic; ForeignCorrespondent
27-3031 Public Relations Specialists(Publicist) Engage in promoting or creating goodwill for individuals, groups, or organizations bywriting or selecting favorable publicity material andreleasing it through various communications media.May prepare and arrange displays, and makespeeches.Illustrative Examples: Lobbyist; Press Secretary
27-3041 Editors(Technical Editor) Perform variety of editorialduties, such as laying out, indexing, and revisingcontent of written materials, in preparation for finalpublication. Include technical editors.Illustrative Examples: Copy Editor; Censor;Reviewer
27-3042 Technical WritersWrite technical materials, such as equipmentmanuals, appendices, or operating and maintenanceinstructions. May assist in layout work.Illustrative Examples: Documentation Writer;Assembly Instructions Writer; Specifications Writer
27-3043 Writers and AuthorsOriginate and prepare written material, such asscripts, stories, advertisements, and other material.Exclude "Public Relations Specialists" (27-3031)and "Technical Writers" (27-3042).Illustrative Examples: Crossword Puzzle Maker;Copy Writer; Playwright
27-3091 Interpreters and TranslatorsTranslate or interpret written, oral, or sign languagetext into another language for others.Illustrative Examples: Braille Translator; DeafInterpreter; Language Translator
27-3099 Media and Communication Workers,All OtherAll media and communication workers not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Graphologist; StageTechnician
27-4011 Audio and Video EquipmentTechniciansSet up or set up and operate audio and videoequipment including microphones, sound speakers,video screens, projectors, video monitors, recordingequipment, connecting wires and cables, sound andmixing boards, and related electronic equipment forconcerts, sports events, meetings and conventions,presentations, and news conferences. May also set
up and operate associated spotlights and othercustom lighting systems. Exclude "SoundEngineering Technicians" (27-4014).Illustrative Examples: Video Control Operator;Audio Visual Production Specialist
27-4012 Broadcast Technicians(Control Room Technician) Set up, operate, andmaintain the electronic equipment used to transmitradio and television programs. Control audioequipment to regulate volume level and quality ofsound during radio and television broadcasts.Operate radio transmitter to broadcast radio andtelevision programs.Illustrative Example: Audio Engineer
27-4013 Radio OperatorsReceive and transmit communications usingradiotelegraph or radiotelephone equipment inaccordance with government regulations. May repairequipment.Illustrative Example: Radio Officer
27-4014 Sound Engineering Technicians(Sound Editor) Operate machines and equipment torecord, synchronize, mix, or reproduce music,voices, or sound effects in sporting arenas, theaterproductions, recording studios, or movie and videoproductions.Illustrative Examples: Film Recordist; Sound EffectsPerson
27-4021 PhotographersPhotograph persons, subjects, merchandise, or othercommercial products. May develop negatives andproduce finished prints. Include scientificphotographers, aerial photographers, andphotojournalists.Illustrative Example: Camera Operator
27-4031 Camera Operators, Television, Video,and Motion PictureOperate television, video, or motion picture camerato photograph images or scenes for various purposes,such as TV broadcasts, advertising, videoproduction, or motion pictures.Illustrative Example: Cinematographer
27-4032 Film and Video EditorsEdit motion picture soundtracks, film, and video.Illustrative Examples: Cue Selector; Video TapeDuplicator
27-4099 Media and Communication EquipmentWorkers, All OtherAll media and communication equipment workersnot listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Radar Operator; LightTechnician
HEALTH PRACTITIONERS ANDTECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS
29-1011 ChiropractorsAdjust spinal column and other articulations of thebody to correct abnormalities of the human bodybelieved to be caused by interference with thenervous system. Examine patient to determine natureand extent of disorder. Manipulate spine or otherinvolved area. May utilize supplementary measures,such as exercise, rest, water, light, heat, andnutritional therapy.
29-1021 Dentists, GeneralDiagnose and treat diseases, injuries, andmalformations of teeth and gums and related oralstructures. May treat diseases of nerve, pulp, andother dental tissues affecting vitality of teeth.
Exclude "Prosthodontists" (29-1024),"Orthodontists" (29-1023), "Oral and MaxillofacialSurgeons" (29-1022) and "Dentists, all otherspecialists" (29-1029).
29-1022 Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeonsPerform surgery on mouth, jaws, and related headand neck structure to execute difficult and multipleextractions of teeth, to remove tumors and otherabnormal growths, to correct abnormal jaw relationsby mandibular or maxillary revision, to preparemouth for insertion of dental prosthesis, or to treatfractured jaws.Illustrative Example: Dental Surgeon
29-1023 OrthodontistsExamine, diagnose, and treat dental malocclusionsand oral cavity anomalies. Design and fabricateappliances to realign teeth and jaws to produce andmaintain normal function and to improveappearance.
29-1024 ProsthodontistsConstruct oral prostheses to replace missing teethand other oral structures to correct natural andacquired deformation of mouth and jaws, to restoreand maintain oral function, such as chewing andspeaking, and to improve appearance.
29-1029 Dentists, All Other SpecialistsAll dentists not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Endodontist; Periodontist;Oral Pathologist
29-1031 Dietitians and NutritionistsPlan and conduct food service or nutritionalprograms to assist in the promotion of health andcontrol of disease. May supervise activities of adepartment providing quantity food services, counselindividuals, or conduct nutritional research.Illustrative Examples: Public Health Dietitian;Nutrition Director; Research Dietitian
29-1041 OptometristsDiagnose, manage, and treat conditions and diseasesof the human eye and visual system. Examine eyesand visual system, diagnose problems orimpairments, prescribe corrective lenses, andprovide treatment. May prescribe therapeutic drugsto treat specific eye conditions.Illustrative Example: Doctor of Optometry
29-1051 PharmacistsDispense drugs prescribed by physicians and otherhealth practitioners and provide information topatients about medications and their use. May advisephysicians and other health practitioners on theselection, dosage, interactions, and side effects ofmedications.Illustrative Examples: Apothecary; Druggist;Industrial Pharmacist
29-1061 AnesthesiologistsAdminister anesthetics during surgery or othermedical procedures.
29-1062 Family and General PractitionersDiagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases andinjuries that commonly occur in the generalpopulation.
29-1063 Internists, GeneralDiagnose and provide non-surgical treatment ofdiseases and injuries of internal organ systems.Provide care mainly for adults who have a widerange of problems associated with the internalorgans. Include subspecialists, such as cardiologists
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and gastroenterologists, with "All Other Physicians"(29-1069).
29-1064 Obstetricians and GynecologistsDiagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases of women,especially those affecting the reproductive systemand the process of childbirth.Illustrative Example: OB/Gyn
29-1065 Pediatricians, GeneralDiagnose, treat, and help prevent children's diseasesand injuries.
29-1066 PsychiatristsDiagnose, treat, and help prevent disorders of themind.Illustrative Examples: Psychoanalyst;Neuropsychiatrist
29-1067 SurgeonsTreat diseases, injuries, and deformities by invasivemethods, such as manual manipulation or by usinginstruments and appliances.Illustrative Examples: Orthopedic Surgeon;Cardiovascular Surgeon; Plastic Surgeon
29-1069 Physicians and Surgeons, All OtherAll physicians and surgeons not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Cardiologist; Dermatologist;Ophthalmologist
29-1071 Physician AssistantsProvide healthcare services typically performed bya physician, under the supervision of a physician.Conduct complete physicals, provide treatment, andcounsel patients. May, in some cases, prescribemedication. Must graduate from an accreditededucational program for physician assistants.Exclude "Emergency Medical Technicians andParamedics" (29-2041), "Medical Assistants"(31-9092), and "Registered Nurses" (29-1111).Illustrative Example: Anesthesiologist Assistant
29-1081 PodiatristsDiagnose and treat diseases and deformities of thehuman foot.Illustrative Examples: Podiatric Surgeon; FootOrthopedist; Pododermatologist
29-1111 Registered Nurses(Nurse Practitioner, Nurse Midwife) Assess patienthealth problems and needs, develop and implementnursing care plans, and maintain medical records.Administer nursing care to ill, injured, convalescent,or disabled patients. May advise patients on healthmaintenance and disease prevention or provide casemanagement. Licensing or registration required.Include advance practice nurses such as: nursepractitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certifiednurse midwives, and certified registered nurseanesthetists. Advanced practice nursing is practicedby RNs who have specialized formal, post-basiceducation and who function in highly autonomousand specialized roles.Illustrative Example: Nursing Supervisor
29-1121 AudiologistsAssess and treat persons with hearing and relateddisorders. May fit hearing aids and provide auditorytraining. May perform research related to hearingproblems.Illustrative Example: Hearing Therapist
29-1122 Occupational TherapistsAssess, plan, organize, and participate inrehabilitative programs that help restore vocational,homemaking, and daily living skills, as well asgeneral independence, to disabled persons.
29-1123 Physical TherapistsAssess, plan, organize, and participate inrehabilitative programs that improve mobility,relieve pain, increase strength, and decrease orprevent deformity of patients suffering from diseaseor injury.Illustrative Examples: Physiotherapist; PulmonaryPhysical Therapist
29-1124 Radiation TherapistsProvide radiation therapy to patients as prescribed bya radiologist according to established practices andstandards. Duties may include reviewingprescription and diagnosis; acting as liaison withphysician and supportive care personnel; preparingequipment, such as immobilization, treatment, andprotection devices; and maintaining records, reports,and files. May assist in dosimetry procedures andtumor localization.Illustrative Examples: Dosimetrist; RadiationTherapy Technologist
29-1125 Recreational TherapistsPlan, direct, or coordinate medically-approvedrecreation programs for patients in hospitals, nursinghomes, or other institutions. Activities includesports, trips, dramatics, social activities, and arts andcrafts. May assess a patient condition andrecommend appropriate recreational activity.Illustrative Example: Therapeutic RecreationSpecialist
29-1126 Respiratory TherapistsAssess, treat, and care for patients with breathingdisorders. Assume primary responsibility for allrespiratory care modalities, including the supervisionof respiratory therapy technicians. Initiate andconduct therapeutic procedures; maintain patientrecords; and select, assemble, check, and operateequipment.Illustrative Examples: Inhalation Therapist;Respiratory Care Practitioner; Oxygen Therapist
29-1127 Speech-Language Pathologists(Speech Therapist) Assess and treat persons withspeech, language, voice, and fluency disorders. Mayselect alternative communication systems and teachtheir use. May perform research related to speechand language problems.Illustrative Examples: Oral Therapist; SpeechClinician
29-1129 Therapists, All OtherAll therapists not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Corrective and Manual ArtsTherapist; Hydrotherapist; Music Therapist
29-1131 Veterinarians(Veterinary Inspector) Diagnose and treat diseasesand dysfunctions of animals. May engage in aparticular function, such as research anddevelopment, consultation, administration, technicalwriting, sale or production of commercial products,or rendering of technical services to commercialfirms or other organizations. Include veterinarianswho inspect livestock.Illustrative Examples: Animal Pathologist; AnimalSurgeon; Veterinary Bacteriologist
29-1155 Speech-Language Pathologists, NonR&DAssess and treat persons with speech, language,voice, and fluency disorders.
29-1156 Speech-Language Pathologists, R&DThese persons spend the majority of their timeresearching speech and language disorders.
29-1199 Health Diagnosing and TreatingPractitioners, All OtherAll health diagnosing and treating practitioners notlisted separately.Illustrative Examples: Acupuncturist; HomeopathicDoctor; Hypnotherapist
29-2011 Medical and Clinical LaboratoryTechnologistsPerform complex medical laboratory tests fordiagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Maytrain or supervise staff.Illustrative Examples: Blood Bank Technologist;Cytotechnologist; Immunohematologist
29-2012 Medical and Clinical LaboratoryTechniciansPerform routine medical laboratory tests for thediagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Maywork under the supervision of a medicaltechnologist.Illustrative Examples: Blood Bank Technician;Cytotechnician; Serology Technician
29-2021 Dental HygienistsClean teeth and examine oral areas, head, and neckfor signs of oral disease. May educate patients onoral hygiene, take and develop X-rays, or applyfluoride or sealants.Illustrative Example: Oral Hygienist
29-2031 Cardiovascular Technologists andTechnicians(E.K.G. Technician, Vascular Technologist)Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascularsystems of patients for diagnostic purposes. Mayconduct or assist in electrocardiograms, cardiaccatheterizations, pulmonary-functions, lung capacity,and similar tests. Include vascular technologists.Illustrative Examples: Cardiographer;Cardiopulmonary Technologist
29-2032 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers(Ultrasound Technologist) Produce ultrasonicrecordings of internal organs for use by physicians.Illustrative Example: Ultrasonic Tester
29-2033 Nuclear Medicine TechnologistsPrepare, administer, and measure radioactiveisotopes in therapeutic, diagnostic, and tracer studiesutilizing a variety of radioisotope equipment.Prepare stock solutions of radioactive materials andcalculate doses to be administered by radiologists.Subject patients to radiation. Execute blood volume,red cell survival, and fat absorption studiesfollowing standard laboratory techniques.Illustrative Example: Radioisotope Technician
29-2034 Radiologic Technologists andTechnicians(X-Ray Technician) Take X-rays and CAT scans oradminister nonradioactive materials into patient'sblood stream for diagnostic purposes. Includetechnologists who specialize in other modalities,such as computed tomography and magneticresonance. Include workers whose primary duties areto demonstrate portions of the human body on X-rayfilm or fluoroscopic screen.Illustrative Examples: CAT Scan Operator;Skiagrapher
29-2041 Emergency Medical Technicians andParamedicsAssess injuries, administer emergency medical care,and extricate trapped individuals. Transport injuredor sick persons to medical facilities.Illustrative Example: E.M.T.
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29-2051 Dietetic TechniciansAssist dietitians in the provision of food service andnutritional programs. Under the supervision ofdietitians, may plan and produce meals based onestablished guidelines, teach principles of food andnutrition, or counsel individuals.
29-2052 Pharmacy TechniciansPrepare medications under the direction of apharmacist. May measure, mix, count out, label, andrecord amounts and dosages of medications.
29-2053 Psychiatric TechniciansCare for mentally impaired or emotionally disturbedindividuals, following physician instructions andhospital procedures. Monitor patients' physical andemotional well-being and report to medical staff.May participate in rehabilitation and treatmentprograms, help with personal hygiene, andadminister oral medications and hypodermicinjections.Illustrative Example: Mental Health Technician
29-2054 Respiratory Therapy TechniciansProvide specific, well defined respiratory careprocedures under the direction of respiratorytherapists and physicians.Illustrative Example: Oxygen Therapy Technician
29-2055 Surgical Technologists(Surgical Orderly) Assist in operations, under thesupervision of surgeons, registered nurses, or othersurgical personnel. May help set up operating room,prepare and transport patients for surgery, adjustlights and equipment, pass instruments and othersupplies to surgeons and surgeon's assistants, holdretractors, cut sutures, and help count sponges,needles, supplies, and instruments.Illustrative Examples: Operating Room Technician;Scrub Technician
29-2056 Veterinary Technologists andTechniciansPerform medical tests in a laboratory environmentfor use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases inanimals. Prepare vaccines and serums for preventionof diseases. Prepare tissue samples, take bloodsamples, and execute laboratory tests, such asurinalysis and blood counts. Clean and sterilizeinstruments and materials and maintain equipmentand machines.Illustrative Examples: Animal Technician;Veterinary X-ray Operator
29-2061 Licensed Practical and LicensedVocational Nurses(Maternity Nurse) Care for ill, injured,convalescent, or disabled persons in hospitals,nursing homes, clinics, private homes, group homes,and similar institutions. May work under thesupervision of a registered nurse. Licensing required.Illustrative Example: Licensed Attendant
29-2071 Medical Records and HealthInformation Technicians(Medical Records Librarian) Compile, process, andmaintain medical records of hospital and clinicpatients in a manner consistent with medical,administrative, ethical, legal, and regulatoryrequirements of the health care system. Process,maintain, compile, and report patient information forhealth requirements and standards.Illustrative Examples: Disability Rater; MedicalRecords Specialist; Medical Library Historian
29-2081 Opticians, DispensingDesign, measure, fit, and adapt lenses and frames forclient according to written optical prescription or
specification. Assist client with selecting frames.Measure customer for size of eyeglasses andcoordinate frames with facial and eye measurementsand optical prescription. Prepare work order foroptical laboratory containing instructions forgrinding and mounting lenses in frames. Verifyexactness of finished lens spectacles. Adjust frameand lens position to fit client. May shape or reshapeframes. Include contact lens opticians.Illustrative Examples: Contact Lens Fitter; EyeglassFitter
29-2091 Orthotists and ProsthetistsAssist patients with disabling conditions of limbsand spine or with partial or total absence of limb byfitting and preparing orthopedic braces or prostheses.Illustrative Examples: Artificial Limb Fitter;Orthopedic Mechanic
29-2099 Health Technologists and Technicians,All OtherAll health technologists and technicians not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Dialysis Technician;Encephalographer; Hearing Aid Specialist
29-9011 Occupational Health and SafetySpecialists(Health Inspector) Review, evaluate, and analyzework environments and design programs andprocedures to control, eliminate, and prevent diseaseor injury caused by chemical, physical, andbiological agents or ergonomic factors. Mayconduct inspections and enforce adherence to lawsand regulations governing the health and safety ofindividuals. May be employed in the public orprivate sector. Include environmental protectionofficers.Illustrative Examples: Health Sani-tarian; Industrial Hygienist
29-9012 Occupational Health and SafetyTechniciansCollect data on work environments for analysis byoccupational health and safety specialists.Implement and conduct evaluation of programsdesigned to limit chemical, physical, biological, andergonomic risks to workers.Illustrative Example: Mine Examiner
29-9091 Athletic TrainersEvaluate, advise, and treat athletes to assist recoveryfrom injury, avoid injury, or maintain peak physicalfitness.
29-9099 Healthcare Practitioners and TechnicalWorkers, All OtherAll healthcare practitioners and technical workersnot listed separately.
HEALTHCARE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS
31-1011 Home Health AidesProvide routine, personal healthcare, such asbathing, dressing, or grooming, to elderly,convalescent, or disabled persons in the home ofpatients or in a residential care facility.Illustrative Example: Home Attendant
31-1012 Nursing Aides, Orderlies, andAttendants(Hospital Aide) Provide basic patient care underdirection of nursing staff. Perform duties, such asfeed, bathe, dress, groom, or move patients, orchange linens. Exclude "Home Health Aides" (31-1011) and "Psychiatric Aides" (31-1013).Illustrative Examples: Certified Nursing Assistant;Infirmary Attendant
31-1013 Psychiatric AidesAssist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbedpatients, working under direction of nursing andmedical staff.Illustrative Examples: Charge Attendant;Psychiatric Orderly
31-2011 Occupational Therapist AssistantsAssist occupational therapists in providingoccupational therapy treatments and procedures.May, in accordance with State laws, assist indevelopment of treatment plans, carry out routinefunctions, direct activity programs, and documentthe progress of treatments. Generally requires formaltraining.Illustrative Example: Occupational TherapyTechnician
31-2012 Occupational Therapist AidesUnder close supervision of an occupational therapistor occupational therapy assistant, perform onlydelegated, selected, or routine tasks in specificsituations. These duties include preparing patient andtreatment room.
31-2021 Physical Therapist AssistantsAssist physical therapists in providing physicaltherapy treatments and procedures. May, inaccordance with State laws, assist in thedevelopment of treatment plans, carry out routinefunctions, document the progress of treatment, andmodify specific treatments in accordance withpatient status and within the scope of treatment plansestablished by a physical therapist. Generallyrequires formal training.Illustrative Example: Corrective Therapy Assistant
31-2022 Physical Therapist AidesUnder close supervision of a physical therapist orphysical therapy assistant, perform only delegated,selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. Theseduties include preparing the patient and the treatmentarea.Illustrative Example: Physiotherapy Aide
29-9012 Occupational Health and SafetyTechniciansCollect data on work environments for analysis byoccupational health and safety specialists.Implement and conduct evaluation of programsdesigned to limit chemical, physical, biological, andergonomic risks to workers.Illustrative Example: Mine Examiner
29-9091 Athletic TrainersEvaluate, advise, and treat athletes to assist recoveryfrom injury, avoid injury, or maintain peak physicalfitness.
29-9099 Healthcare Practitioners and TechnicalWorkers, All OtherAll healthcare practitioners and technical workersnot listed separately.
31-1011 Home Health AidesProvide routine, personal healthcare, such asbathing, dressing, or grooming, to elderly,convalescent, or disabled persons in the home ofpatients or in a residential care facility.Illustrative Example: Home Attendant
31-1012 Nursing Aides, Orderlies, andAttendants(Hospital Aide) Provide basic patient care underdirection of nursing staff. Perform duties, such asfeed, bathe, dress, groom, or move patients, orchange linens. Exclude "Home Health Aides" (31-1011) and "Psychiatric Aides" (31-1013).
31-1013 Psychiatric AidesAssist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbedpatients, working under direction of nursing andmedical staff.Illustrative Examples: Charge Attendant;Psychiatric Orderly
31-2011 Occupational Therapist AssistantsAssist occupational therapists in providingoccupational therapy treatments and procedures.May, in accordance with State laws, assist indevelopment of treatment plans, carry out routinefunctions, direct activity programs, and documentthe progress of treatments. Generally requires formaltraining.Illustrative Example: Occupational TherapyTechnician
31-2012 Occupational Therapist AidesUnder close supervision of an occupational therapistor occupational therapy assistant, perform onlydelegated, selected, or routine tasks in specificsituations. These duties include preparing patient andtreatment room.
31-2021 Physical Therapist AssistantsAssist physical therapists in providing physicaltherapy treatments and procedures. May, inaccordance with State laws, assist in thedevelopment of treatment plans, carry out routinefunctions, document the progress of treatment, andmodify specific treatments in accordance withpatient status and within the scope of treatment plansestablished by a physical therapist. Generallyrequires formal training.Illustrative Example: Corrective Therapy Assistant
31-2022 Physical Therapist AidesUnder close supervision of a physical therapist orphysical therapy assistant, perform only delegated,selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. Theseduties include preparing the patient and the treatmentarea.Illustrative Example: Physiotherapy Aide
31-9011 Massage TherapistsMassage customers for hygienic or remedialpurposes.Illustrative Examples: Masseuse; Masseur; Rubber
31-9091 Dental AssistantsAssist dentist, set up patient and equipment, andkeep records.
31-9092 Medical Assistants(Physician’s Aide, Morgue Attendant) Performadministrative and certain clinical duties under thedirection of physician. Administrative duties mayinclude scheduling appointments, maintainingmedical records, billing, and coding for insurancepurposes. Clinical duties may include taking andrecording vital signs and medical histories, preparingpatients for examination, drawing blood, andadministering medications as directed by physician.Exclude "Physician Assistants" (29-1071).Illustrative Example: Ophthalmic Aide
31-9093 Medical Equipment PreparersPrepare, sterilize, install, or clean laboratory orhealthcare equipment. May perform routinelaboratory tasks and operate or inspect equipment.Illustrative Examples: Bandage Maker; Hot Packer;Sterilizer
31-9094 Medical TranscriptionistsUse transcribing machines with headset and footpedal to listen to recordings by physicians and otherhealthcare professionals dictating a variety ofmedical reports, such as emergency room visits,diagnostic imaging studies, operations, chartreviews, and final summaries. Transcribe dictatedreports and translate medical jargon andabbreviations into their expanded forms. Edit asnecessary and return reports in either printed orelectronic form to the dictator for review andsignature, or correction.Illustrative Example: Medical Stenographer
31-9095 Pharmacy AidesRecord drugs delivered to the pharmacy, storeincoming merchandise, and inform the supervisor ofstock needs. May operate cash register and acceptprescriptions for filling.Illustrative Examples: Dispensary Attendant;Prescription Clerk
31-9096 Veterinary Assistants and LaboratoryAnimal CaretakersFeed, water, and examine pets and other nonfarmanimals for signs of illness, disease, or injury inlaboratories and animal hospitals and clinics. Cleanand disinfect cages and work areas, and sterilizelaboratory and surgical equipment. May provideroutine post-operative care, administer medicationorally or topically, or prepare samples for laboratoryexamination under the supervision of veterinary orlaboratory animal technologists or technicians,veterinarians, or scientists. Exclude "NonfarmAnimal Caretakers" (39-2021).
31-9099 Healthcare Support Workers, All OtherAll healthcare support workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Phlebotomist; Reducing SalonAttendant
PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS
33-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofCorrectional OfficersSupervise and coordinate activities of correctionalofficers and jailers.Illustrative Examples: Prison Guard Supervisor;Prison Warden
33-1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofPolice and Detectives(Police Chief) Supervise and coordinate activities ofmembers of police force.Illustrative Example: Precinct Captain
33-1021 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of FireFighting and Prevention Workers(Fire Chief) Supervise and coordinate activities ofworkers engaged in fire fighting and fire preventionand control.Illustrative Examples: Fire Captain; Fire Marshal
33-1099 First-Line Supervisors/Managers,Protective Service Workers, All OtherAll protective service supervisors not listedseparately above.Illustrative Examples: Security Director; SupervisorAnimal Cruelty Investigation; Supervisor PlantProtection
33-2011 Fire FightersControl and extinguish fires or respond toemergency situations where life, property, or theenvironment is at risk. Duties may include fireprevention, emergency medical service, hazardousmaterial response, search and rescue, and disastermanagement.
33-2021 Fire Inspectors and InvestigatorsInspect buildings to detect fire hazards and enforcelocal ordinances and State laws. Investigate andgather facts to determine cause of fires andexplosions.Illustrative Example: Arson Investigator
33-2022 Forest Fire Inspectors and PreventionSpecialistsEnforce fire regulations and inspect for forest firehazards. Report forest fires and weather conditions.Illustrative Examples: Forest Fire Control Officer;District Ranger; Fire Ranger
33-3011 BailiffsMaintain order in courts of law.Illustrative Examples: Court Officer; Sergeant atArms
33-3012 Correctional Officers and JailersGuard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institution inaccordance with established regulations andprocedures. May guard prisoners in transit betweenjail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includedeputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority oftheir time guarding prisoners in correctionalinstitutions.Illustrative Examples: Convict Guard; CustodialOfficer; Prison Guard
33-3021 Detectives and Criminal InvestigatorsConduct investigations related to suspectedviolations of Federal, State, or local laws to preventor solve crimes. Exclude "Private Detectives andInvestigators" (33-9021).Illustrative Examples: Police Inspector; DeputyUnited States Marshal; Narcotics Agent
33-3031 Fish and Game Wardens(Wildlife Officer) Patrol assigned area to preventfish and game law violations. Investigate reports ofdamage to crops or property by wildlife. Compilebiological data.Illustrative Examples: State Game Protector;Wildlife Control Agent
33-3041 Parking Enforcement Workers(Meter Maid) Patrol assigned area, such as publicparking lot or section of city to issue tickets toovertime parking violators and illegally parkedvehicles.Illustrative Examples: Parking Enforcement Officer;Parking Meter Checker
33-3051 Police and Sheriff's Patrol OfficersMaintain order, enforce laws and ordinances, andprotect life and property in an assigned patroldistrict. Perform combination of following duties:patrol a specific area on foot or in a vehicle; directtraffic; issue traffic summonses; investigateaccidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or servelegal processes of courts.Illustrative Examples: Border Guard; CampusPolice; City Constable
33-3052 Transit and Railroad PoliceProtect and police railroad and transit property,employees, or passengers.Illustrative Examples: Railroad Detective; TrackPatrol
33-9011 Animal Control WorkersHandle animals for the purpose of investigations ofmistreatment, or control of abandoned, dangerous, orunattended animals.
33-9021 Private Detectives and InvestigatorsDetect occurrences of unlawful acts or infractions ofrules in private establishment, or seek, examine, andcompile information for client.Illustrative Example: House Detective
33-9031 Gaming Surveillance Officers andGaming InvestigatorsAct as oversight and security agent for managementand customers. Observe casino or casino hoteloperation for irregular activities such as cheating ortheft by either employees or patrons. May utilizeone-way mirrors above the casino floor, cashier'scage, and from desk. Use of audio/video equipmentis also common to observe operation of the business.Usually required to provide verbal and writtenreports of all violations and suspicious behavior tosupervisor.Illustrative Examples: Casino Surveillance Officer;Casino Investigator
33-9032 Security Guards(Bouncer) Guard, patrol, or monitor premises toprevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules.Illustrative Examples: Bodyguard; Watchguard
33-9091 Crossing Guards(Flagger) Guide or control vehicular or pedestriantraffic at such places as streets, schools, railroadcrossings, or construction sites.Illustrative Examples: Gate Operator; School Patrol
33-9092 Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and OtherRecreational Protective Service WorkersMonitor recreational areas, such as pools, beaches,or ski slopes to provide assistance and protection toparticipants.
33-9099 Protective Service Workers, All OtherAll protective service workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Park Ranger; Surveillance-System Monitor; Bus Monitor
Food Preparation and Serving RelatedOccupations
35-1011 Chefs and Head CooksDirect the preparation, seasoning, and cooking ofsalads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, orother foods. May plan and price menu items, ordersupplies, and keep records and accounts. Mayparticipate in cooking.Illustrative Examples: Executive Chef; Pastry Chef;Sous Chef
35-1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofFood Preparation and Serving WorkersSupervise workers engaged in preparing and servingfood.Illustrative Examples: Cafeteria Manager; Caterer;Bar Manager
35-2011 Cooks, Fast FoodPrepare and cook food in a fast food restaurant witha limited menu. Duties of the cooks are limited topreparation of a few basic items and normallyinvolve operating large-volume single-purposecooking equipment.Illustrative Examples: Fry Cook; Pizza Maker
35-2012 Cooks, Institution and CafeteriaPrepare and cook large quantities of food forinstitutions, such as schools, hospitals, or cafeterias.Illustrative Examples: Camp Cook; Mess Cook;Galley Cook
35-2013 Cooks, Private HouseholdPrepare meals in private homes.
35-2014 Cooks, RestaurantPrepare, season, and cook soups, meats, vegetables,desserts, or other foodstuffs in restaurants. Mayorder supplies, keep records and accounts, priceitems on menu, or plan menu.Illustrative Examples: Broiler Cook; SpecialtyForeign Food Cook; Garde-manger
35-2015 Cooks, Short OrderPrepare and cook to order a variety of foods thatrequire only a short preparation time. May takeorders from customers and serve patrons at countersor tables. Exclude "Fast Food Cooks" (35-2011).Illustrative Examples: Barbecue Cook; GriddleCook
35-2019 Cooks, All OtherAll cooks not listed separately.
35-2021 Food Preparation Workers(Kitchen Helper) Perform a variety of foodpreparation duties other than cooking, such aspreparing cold foods and shellfish, slicing meat, andbrewing coffee or tea.Illustrative Examples: Coffee Maker; SandwichMaker
35-3011 BartendersMix and serve drinks to patrons, directly or throughwaitstaff.Illustrative Examples: Barkeeper; TaproomAttendant
35-3021 Combined Food Preparation andServing Workers, Including Fast FoodPerform duties which combine both food preparationand food service.Illustrative Examples: Caterers Aide; Deli Clerk;Mess Attendant
35-3022 Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, FoodConcession, and Coffee ShopServe food to diners at counter or from a steam table.Include counter attendants who also wait tables with"Waiters and Waitresses" (35-3031).Illustrative Examples: Canteen Operator; Snack BarAttendant; Hot Dog Attendant
35-3031 Waiters and WaitressesTake orders and serve food and beverages to patronsat tables in dining establishment. Exclude "CounterAttendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and CoffeeShop" (35-3022).Illustrative Examples: Cocktail Waiter; WineSteward; Head Waitress
35-3041 Food Servers, Nonrestaurant(Tray-Service Worker) Serve food to patronsoutside of a restaurant environment, such as inhotels, hospital rooms, or cars. Exclude "Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, andRelated Workers" (41-9091) and "CounterAttendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and CoffeeShop" (35-3022).Illustrative Examples: Curb Attendant; HospitalTray-Service Worker; Room Service Clerk
35-9011 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendantsand Bartender Helpers(Busser) Facilitate food service. Clean tables, carrydirty dishes, replace soiled table linens; set tables;replenish supply of clean linens, silverware,glassware, and dishes; supply service bar with food,and serve water, butter, and coffee to patrons.
35-9031 Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant,Lounge, and Coffee ShopWelcome patrons, seat them at tables or in lounge,and help ensure quality of facilities and service.Illustrative Examples: Maitre D'; Dining Room Host
35-9099 Food Preparation and Serving RelatedWorkers, All OtherAll food preparation and serving related workers notlisted separately.Illustrative Examples: Vending Machine Attendant;Cafeteria Line Runner
BUILDING AND GROUNDS CLEANING ANDMAINTENANCE OCCUPATIONS
37-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofHousekeeping and Janitorial WorkersSupervise work activities of cleaning personnel inhotels, hospitals, offices, and other establishments.Illustrative Examples: Building Superintendent;Household Manager; Housekeeping Supervisor
37-1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofLandscaping, Lawn Service, and GroundskeepingWorkersPlan, organize, direct, or coordinate activities ofworkers engaged in landscaping or groundskeepingactivities, such as planting and maintainingornamental trees, shrubs, flowers, and lawns, andapplying fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals,according to contract specifications. May alsocoordinate activities of workers engaged in terracinghillsides, building retaining walls, constructingpathways, installing patios, and similar activities infollowing a landscape design plan. Work mayinvolve reviewing contracts to ascertain service,machine, and work force requirements; answeringinquiries from potential customers regardingmethods, material, and price ranges; and preparingestimates according to labor, material, and machinecosts.Illustrative Examples: Landscape Contractor; GolfCourse Superintendent; Nursery Supervisor
37-2011 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maidsand Housekeeping CleanersKeep buildings in clean and orderly condition.Perform heavy cleaning duties, such as cleaningfloors, shampooing rugs, washing walls and glass,and removing rubbish. Duties may include tendingfurnace and boiler, performing routine maintenanceactivities, notifying management of need for repairs,and cleaning snow or debris from sidewalk.Illustrative Examples: Floor Cleaner; BuildingCustodian; Window Washer
37-2012 Maids and Housekeeping CleanersPerform any combination of light cleaning duties tomaintain private households or commercialestablishments, such as hotels, restaurants, andhospitals, in a clean and orderly manner. Dutiesinclude making beds, replenishing linens, cleaningrooms and halls, and vacuuming.Illustrative Examples: Bed Maker; Chamber Maid;Housekeeper
37-2019 Building Cleaning Workers, All OtherAll building cleaning workers not listed separately.
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Illustrative Examples: Chimney Sweep; Air PurifierServicer
37-2021 Pest Control Workers(Exterminator) Spray or release chemical solutionsor toxic gases and set traps to kill pests and vermin,such as mice, termites, and roaches, that infestbuildings and surrounding areas.Illustrative Examples: Exterminator Helper;Fumigator
37-3011 Landscaping and GroundskeepingWorkers(Greenskeeper, Sprinkler Installer) Landscape ormaintain grounds of property using hand or powertools or equipment. Workers typically perform avariety of tasks, which may include any combinationof the following: sod laying, mowing, trimming,planting, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking,sprinkler installation, and installation of mortarlesssegmental concrete masonry wall units. Exclude"Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, andGreenhouse" (45-2092).Illustrative Examples: Landscape Gardener;Outdoor Sprinkler Installer
37-3012 Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, andApplicators, VegetationMix or apply pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, orinsecticides through sprays, dusts, vapors, soilincorporation or chemical application on trees,shrubs, lawns, or botanical crops. Usually requiresspecific training and State or Federal certification.Exclude "Commercial Pilots" (53-2012) who operateaviation equipment to dust or spray crops.Illustrative Examples: Fruit Sprayer; WeedController
37-3013 Tree Trimmers and PrunersCut away dead or excess branches from trees orshrubs to maintain right-of-way for roads, sidewalks,or utilities, or to improve appearance, health, andvalue of tree. Prune or treat trees or shrubs usinghandsaws, pruning hooks, sheers, and clippers. Mayuse truck-mounted lifts and power pruners. May fillcavities in trees to promote healing and preventdeterioration. Exclude workers who primarilyperform duties of "Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, andApplicators, Vegetation" (37-3012) and"Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers"(37-3011).Illustrative Examples: Tree Doctor; Grape VinePruner
37-3019 Grounds Maintenance Workers, AllOtherAll grounds maintenance workers not listedseparately.
PERSONAL CARE AND SERVICEOCCUPATIONS
39-1011 Gaming SupervisorsSupervise gaming operations and personnel in anassigned area. Circulate among tables and observeoperations. Ensure that stations and games arecovered for each shift. May explain and interpretoperating rules of house to patrons. May plan andorganize activities and create friendly atmospherefor guests in hotels/casinos. May adjust servicecomplaints. Exclude "Slot Key Persons" (39-1012).Illustrative Examples: Executive Casino Host; TableGames Supervisor; Pit Boss
39-1012 Slot Key PersonsCoordinate/supervise functions of slot departmentworkers to provide service to patrons. Handle andsettle complaints of players. Verify and payoff
jackpots. Reset slot machines after payoffs. Makeminor repairs or adjustments to slot machines.Recommend removal of slot machines for repair.Report hazards and enforces safety rules.Illustrative Example: Slot Floor Person
39-1021 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofPersonal Service WorkersSupervise and coordinate activities of personalservice workers, such as supervisors of flightattendants, hairdressers, or caddies.Illustrative Examples: Caddymaster; Barber ShopManager; Health Club Manager
39-2011 Animal TrainersTrain animals for riding, harness, security,performance, or obedience, or assisting persons withdisabilities. Accustom animals to human voice andcontact; and condition animals to respond tocommands. Train animals according to prescribedstandards for show or competition. May trainanimals to carry pack loads or work as part of packteam.Illustrative Examples: Dog Trainer; Horse Breaker;Lion Trainer
39-2021 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers(Groomer) Feed, water, groom, bathe, exercise, orotherwise care for pets and other nonfarm animals,such as dogs, cats, ornamental fish or birds, zooanimals, and mice. Work in settings such as kennels,animal shelters, zoos, circuses, and aquariums. Maykeep records of feedings, treatments, and animalsreceived or discharged. May clean, disinfect, andrepair cages, pens, or fish tanks. Exclude "VeterinaryAssistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers" (31-9096).Illustrative Examples: Dog Groomer; KennelWorker; Stable Attendant
39-3011 Gaming DealersOperate table games. Stand or sit behind table andoperate games of chance by dispensing theappropriate number of cards or blocks to players, oroperating other gaming equipment. Compare thehouse's hand against players' hands and payoff orcollect players' money or chips.Illustrative Examples: Blackjack Dealer; RouletteDealer; Craps Dealer
39-3012 Gaming and Sports Book Writers andRunnersAssist in the operation of games such as keno andbingo. Scan winning tickets presented by patrons,calculate amount of winnings and pay patrons. Mayoperate keno and bingo equipment. May startgaming equipment that randomly selects numbers.May announce number selected until total numbersspecified for each game are selected. May pick uptickets from players, collect bets, receive, verify andrecord patrons' cash wagers.Illustrative Examples: Sheet Writer; Keno Writer;Keno Runner
39-3019 Gaming Service Workers, All OtherAll gaming service workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Shill; Chip Mucker; Pit Clerk
39-3021 Motion Picture ProjectionistsSet up and operate motion picture projection andrelated sound reproduction equipment.Illustrative Examples: Chief Projectionist; FilmProjector Operator
39-3031 Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and TicketTakersAssist patrons at entertainment events by performingduties, such as collecting admission tickets and
passes from patrons, assisting in finding seats,searching for lost articles, and locating such facilitiesas rest rooms and telephones.Illustrative Examples: Door Attendant; TicketCollector
39-3091 Amusement and Recreation Attendants(Caddy) Perform variety of attending duties atamusement or recreation facility. May schedule useof recreation facilities, maintain and provideequipment to participants of sporting events orrecreational pursuits, or operate amusementconcessions and rides.Illustrative Examples: Arcade Attendant; GolfCourse Starter
39-3092 Costume AttendantsSelect, fit, and take care of costumes for castmembers, and aid entertainers.Illustrative Examples: Wardrobe Custodian; Dresser
39-3093 Locker Room, Coatroom, and DressingRoom AttendantsProvide personal items to patrons or customers inlocker rooms, dressing rooms, or coatrooms.Illustrative Examples: Bathhouse Attendant; JockeyValet
39-3099 Entertainment Attendants and RelatedWorkers, All OtherAll entertainment attendants and related workers notlisted separately.Illustrative Example: Department Store Greeter
39-4011 EmbalmersPrepare bodies for interment in conformity withlegal requirements.
39-4021 Funeral AttendantsPerform variety of tasks during funeral, such asplacing casket in parlor or chapel prior to service;arranging floral offerings or lights around casket;directing or escorting mourners; closing casket; andissuing and storing funeral equipment.Illustrative Examples: Mortician Helper; Pallbearer
39-5011 BarbersProvide barbering services, such as cutting,trimming, shampooing, and styling hair, trimmingbeards, or giving shaves.Illustrative Examples: Barber Apprentice; HairCutter
39-5012 Hairdressers, Hairstylists, andCosmetologistsProvide beauty services, such as shampooing,cutting, coloring, and styling hair, and massagingand treating scalp. May also apply makeup, dresswigs, perform hair removal, and provide nail andskin care services.Illustrative Examples: Beautician; Wig Stylist;Electrologist
39-5091 Makeup Artists, Theatrical andPerformanceApply makeup to performers to reflect period,setting, and situation of their role.
39-5092 Manicurists and PedicuristsClean and shape customers' fingernails and toenails.May polish or decorate nails.Illustrative Example: Fingernail Sculptor
39-5093 ShampooersShampoo and rinse customers' hair.Illustrative Example: Scalp Treatment Operator
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39-5094 Skin Care Specialists(Esthetician) Provide skin care treatments to faceand body to enhance an individual's appearance.
39-6011 Baggage Porters and BellhopsHandle baggage for travelers at transportationterminals or for guests at hotels or similarestablishments.Illustrative Examples: Baggage Handler; LobbyPorter; Skycap
39-6012 ConciergesAssist patrons at hotel, apartment or office buildingwith personal services. May take messages, arrangeor give advice on transportation, business services orentertainment, or monitor guest requests forhousekeeping and maintenance.
39-6021 Tour Guides and EscortsEscort individuals or groups on sightseeing tours orthrough places of interest, such as industrialestablishments, public buildings, and art galleries.Illustrative Examples: Page; Sightseeing Guide
39-6022 Travel Guides(Tour Director) Plan, organize, and conduct longdistance cruises, tours, and expeditions forindividuals and groups.Illustrative Example: Cruise Director
39-6031 Flight AttendantsProvide personal services to ensure the safety andcomfort of airline passengers during flight. Greetpassengers, verify tickets, explain use of safetyequipment, and serve food or beverages.Illustrative Examples: Flight Steward; AirlineStewardess
39-6032 Transportation Attendants, ExceptFlight Attendants and Baggage PortersProvide services to ensure the safety and comfort ofpassengers aboard ships, buses, trains, or within thestation or terminal. Perform duties, such as greetingpassengers, explaining the use of safety equipment,serving meals or beverages, or answering questionsrelated to travel.Illustrative Examples: Club Car Attendant; GroundAttendant; Subway Conductor
39-9011 Child Care Workers(Bus Monitor) Attend to children at schools,businesses, private households, and child careinstitutions. Perform a variety of tasks, such asdressing, feeding, bathing, and overseeing play.Exclude "Preschool Teachers" (25-2011) and"Teacher Assistants" (25-9041).Illustrative Examples: Baby Sitter; Governess;Nanny
39-9021 Personal and Home Care AidesAssist elderly or disabled adults with daily livingactivities at the person's home or in a daytime non-residential facility. Duties performed at a place ofresidence may include keeping house (making beds,doing laundry, washing dishes) and preparing meals.May provide meals and supervised activities at non-residential care facilities. May advise families, theelderly, and disabled on such things as nutrition,cleanliness, and household utilities.Illustrative Examples: Blind Escort; Caregiver;Geriatric Aide
39-9031 Fitness Trainers and AerobicsInstructors(Personal Trainer) Instruct or coach groups orindividuals in exercise activities and thefundamentals of sports. Demonstrate techniques andmethods of participation. Observe participants and
inform them of corrective measures necessary toimprove their skills. Those required to hold teachingdegrees should be reported in the appropriateteaching category. Exclude "Athletic Trainers" (29-9091).Illustrative Examples: Exercise Teacher; YogaTeacher
39-9032 Recreation Workers(Camp Counselor) Conduct recreation activitieswith groups in public, private, or volunteer agenciesor recreation facilities. Organize and promoteactivities, such as arts and crafts, sports, games,music, dramatics, social recreation, camping, andhobbies, taking into account the needs and interestsof individual members.Illustrative Examples: Playground Director;Activities Director
39-9041 Residential AdvisorsCoordinate activities for residents of boardingschools, college fraternities or sororities, collegedormitories, or similar establishments. Ordersupplies and determine need for maintenance,repairs, and furnishings. May maintain householdrecords and assign rooms. May refer residents tocounseling resources if needed.Illustrative Examples: Dormitory Supervisor; HouseParent
39-9099 Personal Care and Service Workers, AllOtherAll personal care and service workers not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Shoe Shiner; Chaperone;Servant
SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
41-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofRetail Sales WorkersDirectly supervise sales workers in a retailestablishment or department. Duties may includemanagement functions, such as purchasing,budgeting, accounting, and personnel work, inaddition to supervisory duties.Illustrative Examples: Department Manager; FlowerShop Manager; Supervisor of Cashiers
41-1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofNon-Retail Sales WorkersDirectly supervise and coordinate activities of salesworkers other than retail sales workers. May performduties, such as budgeting, accounting, and personnelwork, in addition to supervisory duties.Illustrative Examples: District Sales Manager; DryCleaning Manager; Blood-Donor RecruiterSupervisor
41-2011 Cashiers(Toll Collector) Receive and disburse money inestablishments other than financial institutions.Usually involves use of electronic scanners, cashregisters, or related equipment. Often involved inprocessing credit or debit card transactions andvalidating checks.Illustrative Examples: Auction Clerk; DisbursementClerk
41-2012 Gaming Change Persons and BoothCashiers(Slot Attendant) Exchange coins and tokens forpatrons' money. May issue payoffs and obtaincustomer's signature on receipt when winningsexceed the amount held in the slot machine. Mayoperate a booth in the slot machine area and furnishchange persons with money bank at the start of theshift, or count and audit money in drawers.
Illustrative Example: Carousel Attendant
41-2021 Counter and Rental ClerksReceive orders for repairs, rentals, and services. Maydescribe available options, compute cost, and acceptpayment.Illustrative Examples: Airplane-Charter Clerk; CarRental Agent; Skate Shop Attendant
41-2022 Parts SalespersonsSell spare and replacement parts and equipment inrepair shop or parts store.Illustrative Examples: Parts Clerk; Auto PartsSalesperson; Electronic Parts Salesperson
41-2031 Retail SalespersonsSell merchandise, such as furniture, motor vehicles,appliances, or apparel in a retail establishment.Exclude "Cashiers" (41-2011).Illustrative Examples: Car Dealer; Haberdasher;Wallpaper Salesperson
41-3011 Advertising Sales AgentsSell or solicit advertising, including graphic art,advertising space in publications, custom madesigns, or TV and radio advertising time. May obtainleases for outdoor advertising sites or persuaderetailer to use sales promotion display items.Illustrative Examples: Radio Time Salesperson;Yellow Pages Salesperson; Leasing Agent OutdoorAdvertising
41-3021 Insurance Sales AgentsSell life, property, casualty, health, automotive, orother types of insurance. May refer clients toindependent brokers, work as independent broker, orbe employed by an insurance company.Illustrative Examples: Insurance Broker; InsuranceSolicitor; Pension Agent
41-3031 Securities, Commodities, and FinancialServices Sales Agents(Stock Broker) Buy and sell securities in investmentand trading firms, or call upon businesses andindividuals to sell financial services. Providefinancial services, such as loan, tax, and securitiescounseling. May advise securities customers aboutsuch things as stocks, bonds, and market conditions.Illustrative Examples: Investment Banker; StockTrader
41-3041 Travel AgentsPlan and sell transportation and accommodations fortravel agency customers. Determine destination,modes of transportation, travel dates, costs, andaccommodations required.Illustrative Examples: Travel Consultant; TravelCounselor
41-3099 Sales Representatives, Services, AllOtherAll services sales representatives not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Data Processing SalesRepresentative; Telecommunications Consultant
41-4011 Sales Representatives, Wholesale andManufacturing, Technical and ScientificProductsSell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers wheretechnical or scientific knowledge is required in suchareas as biology, engineering, chemistry, andelectronics, normally obtained from at least 2 yearsof post-secondary education.Illustrative Examples: Electronics SalesRepresentative; Oilfield Equipment SalesRepresentative; Pharmaceutical Representative
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41-4012 Sales Representatives, Wholesale andManufacturing, Except Technical and ScientificProductsSell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers tobusinesses or groups of individuals. Work requiressubstantial knowledge of items sold.Illustrative Examples: Diamond Broker; OilDistributor; Wool Merchant
41-9011 Demonstrators and Product PromotersDemonstrate merchandise and answer questions forthe purpose of creating public interest in buying theproduct. May sell demonstrated merchandise.Illustrative Examples: Home Demonstrator; Exhibit-Display Representative
41-9012 ModelsModel garments and other apparel to displayclothing before prospective buyers at fashion shows,private showings, retail establishments, orphotographer. May pose for photos to be used foradvertising purposes. May pose as subject forpaintings, sculptures, and other types of artisticexpression.Illustrative Examples: Fashion Model; Mannequin ;Photographer's Model
41-9021 Real Estate BrokersOperate real estate office, or work for commercialreal estate firm, overseeing real estate transactions.Other duties usually include selling real estate orrenting properties and arranging loans.
41-9022 Real Estate Sales Agents(Buyer Broker) Rent, buy, or sell property forclients. Perform duties, such as study propertylistings, interview prospective clients, accompanyclients to property site, discuss conditions of sale,and draw up real estate contracts. Include agentswho represent buyer.Illustrative Examples: Apartment Rental Agent;Land Agent; Right of Way Agent
41-9031 Sales EngineersSell business goods or services, the selling of whichrequires a technical background equivalent to abaccalaureate degree in engineering. Exclude"Engineers" (17-2011 through 17-2199) whoseprimary function is not marketing or sales.Illustrative Examples: Aeronautical Products SalesEngineer; Industrial Machinery Sales Engineer;Nuclear Equipment Sales Engineer
41-9041 TelemarketersSolicit orders for goods or services over thetelephone.Illustrative Examples: Telephone Salesperson;Telephone Solicitor
41-9091 Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News andStreet Vendors, and Related WorkersSell goods or services door-to-door or on the street.Illustrative Examples: Peddler; Direct Selling
41-9099 Sales and Related Workers, All OtherAll sales and related workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Bridal Consultant; FundRaiser; Auctioneer
OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORTOCCUPATIONS
43-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofOffice and Administrative Support WorkersSupervise and coordinate the activities of clericaland administrative support workers.Illustrative Examples: Claims Supervisor; StockRoom Manager; Teller Supervisor
43-2011 Switchboard Operators, IncludingAnswering ServiceOperate telephone business systems equipment orswitchboards to relay incoming, outgoing, andinteroffice calls. May supply information to callersand record messages.Illustrative Examples: Communication CenterOperator; Exchange Operator; TelephoneAnswering Service Operator
43-2021 Telephone Operators(Directory Assistance Operator) Provideinformation by accessing alphabetical andgeographical directories. Assist customers withspecial billing requests, such as charges to a thirdparty and credits or refunds for incorrectly dialednumbers or bad connections. May handle emergencycalls and assist children or people with physicaldisabilities to make telephone calls.Illustrative Examples: Long Distance Operator;Routing Operator
43-3011 Bill and Account CollectorsLocate and notify customers of delinquent accountsby mail, telephone, or personal visit to solicitpayment. Duties include receiving payment andposting amount to customer's account; preparingstatements to credit department if customer fails torespond; initiating repossession proceedings orservice disconnection; keeping records of collectionand status of accounts.Illustrative Examples: Payment Collector;Collection Clerk; Installment Agent
43-3021 Billing and Posting Clerks and MachineOperatorsCompile, compute, and record billing, accounting,statistical, and other numerical data for billingpurposes. Prepare billing invoices for servicesrendered or for delivery or shipment of goods.Illustrative Examples: Calculating MachineOperator; Invoice Control Clerk; Rating Clerk
43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and AuditingClerksCompute, classify, and record numerical data to keepfinancial records complete. Perform anycombination of routine calculating, posting, andverifying duties to obtain primary financial data foruse in maintaining accounting records. May alsocheck the accuracy of figures, calculations, andpostings pertaining to business transactions recordedby other workers.Illustrative Examples: Accounts Receivable Clerk;Ledger Clerk; Voucher Examiner
43-3041 Gaming Cage WorkersIn a gaming establishment, conduct financialtransactions for patrons. May reconcile dailysummaries of transactions to balance books. Acceptpatron's credit application and verify creditreferences to provide check-cashing authorization orto establish house credit accounts. May sellgambling chips, tokens, or tickets to patrons, or toother workers for resale to patrons. May convertgaming chips, tokens, or tickets to currency uponpatron's request. May use a cash register or computerto record transaction.
43-3051 Payroll and Timekeeping ClerksCompile and post employee time and payroll data.May compute employees' time worked, production,
and commission. May compute and post wages anddeductions. May prepare paychecks.Illustrative Examples: Attendance Clerk; PayrollBookkeeper; Timekeeper
43-3061 Procurement ClerksCompile information and records to draw uppurchase orders for procurement of materials andservices.Illustrative Examples: Property and Supply Officer;Purchasing Clerk
43-3071 TellersReceive and pay out money. Keep records of moneyand negotiable instruments involved in a financialinstitution's various transactions.Illustrative Examples: Foreign Exchange Clerk;Money Order Clerk; Securities Teller
Information and Record Clerks43-4011 Brokerage ClerksPerform clerical duties involving the purchase orsale of securities. Duties include writing orders forstock purchases and sales, computing transfer taxes,verifying stock transactions, accepting anddelivering securities, tracking stock pricefluctuations, computing equity, distributingdividends, and keeping records of daily transactionsand holdings.Illustrative Examples: Portfolio Assistant; DividendClerk; Telephone Quotation Clerk
43-4021 Correspondence ClerksCompose letters in reply to requests formerchandise, damage claims, credit and otherinformation, delinquent accounts, incorrect billings,or unsatisfactory services. Duties may includegathering data to formulate reply and typingcorrespondence.Illustrative Examples: Collection Correspondent;Fan Mail Editor
43-4031 Court, Municipal, and License Clerks(Register of Deeds) Perform clerical duties in courtsof law, municipalities, and governmental licensingagencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of casesto be called; secure information for judges and court;prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or citycouncil; answer official correspondence; keep fiscalrecords and accounts; issue licenses or permits;record data, administer tests, or collect fees. Includechief clerks with "Managers, All Other" (11-9199).Illustrative Examples: Circuit Court Clerk; WarrantClerk
43-4041 Credit Authorizers, Checkers, andClerks(Loan Adjuster) Authorize credit charges againstcustomers' accounts. Investigate history and creditstanding of individuals or business establishmentsapplying for credit. May interview applicants toobtain personal and financial data; determine creditworthiness; process applications; and notifycustomers of acceptance or rejection of credit.Illustrative Examples: Credit Interviewer; CreditRating Inspector
43-4051 Customer Service RepresentativesInteract with customers to provide information inresponse to inquiries about products and servicesand to handle and resolve complaints. Excludeindividuals whose duties are primarily sales orrepair.Illustrative Examples: Complaint Adjuster;Passenger Relations Representative; TelephoneService Adviser
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43-4061 Eligibility Interviewers, GovernmentProgramsDetermine eligibility of persons applying to receiveassistance from government programs and agencyresources, such as welfare, unemployment benefits,social security, and public housing.Illustrative Examples: Unemployment BenefitsClaims Taker; County Service Officer; WelfareInterviewer
43-4071 File Clerks(Tape Librarian) File correspondence, cards,invoices, receipts, and other records in alphabeticalor numerical order or according to the filing systemused. Locate and remove material from file whenrequested.Illustrative Examples: Computer Tape Librarian;Document Clerk; Records Custodian
43-4081 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk ClerksAccommodate hotel, motel, and resort patrons byregistering and assigning rooms to guests, issuingroom keys, transmitting and receiving messages,keeping records of occupied rooms and guests'accounts, making and confirming reservations, andpresenting statements to and collecting paymentsfrom departing guests.Illustrative Examples: Register Clerk; Room Clerk
43-4111 Interviewers, Except Eligibility andLoan(Admitting Clerk) Interview persons by telephone,mail, in person, or by other means for the purpose ofcompleting forms, applications, or questionnaires.Ask specific questions, record answers, and assistpersons with completing form. May sort, classify,and file forms.Illustrative Examples: Census Taker; MarketResearch Interviewer; Out-patient Admitting Clerk
43-4121 Library Assistants, Clerical(Circulation Clerk) Compile records, sort and shelvebooks, and issue and receive library materials suchas pictures, cards, slides and microfilm. Locatelibrary materials for loan and replace material inshelving area, stacks, or files according toidentification number and title. Register patrons topermit them to borrow books, periodicals, and otherlibrary materials.Illustrative Examples: Braille and Talking BooksClerk; Microfilm Clerk
43-4131 Loan Interviewers and Clerks(Mortgage Clerk) Interview loan applicants to elicitinformation; investigate applicants' backgrounds andverify references; prepare loan request papers; andforward findings, reports, and documents toappraisal department. Review loan papers to ensurecompleteness, and complete transactions betweenloan establishment, borrowers, and sellers uponapproval of loan.Illustrative Examples: Loan Closer; Loan Processor
43-4141 New Accounts ClerksInterview persons desiring to open bank accounts.Explain banking services available to prospectivecustomers and assist them in preparing applicationform.Illustrative Example: Banking Services Clerk
43-4151 Order ClerksReceive and process incoming orders for materials,merchandise, classified ads, or services such asrepairs, installations, or rental of facilities. Dutiesinclude informing customers of receipt, prices,shipping dates, and delays; preparing contracts; andhandling complaints. Exclude "Dispatchers, Except
Police, Fire, and Ambulance" (43-5032) who bothdispatch and take orders for services.Illustrative Examples: Catalogue Clerk;Subscription Clerk; Classified Advertisement Clerk
43-4161 Human Resources Assistants, ExceptPayroll and Timekeeping(Personnel Clerk) Compile and keep personnelrecords. Record data for each employee, such asaddress, weekly earnings, absences, amount of salesor production, supervisory reports on ability, anddate of and reason for termination. Compile and typereports from employment records. File employmentrecords. Search employee files and furnishinformation to authorized persons.
43-4171 Receptionists and Information ClerksAnswer inquiries and obtain information for generalpublic, customers, visitors, and other interestedparties. Provide information regarding activitiesconducted at establishment; location of departments,offices, and employees within organization. Exclude"Switchboard Operators, Including AnsweringService" (43-2011).Illustrative Examples: Appointment Clerk; FrontDesk Clerk; Referral and Information Aide
43-4181 Reservation and Transportation TicketAgents and Travel Clerks(Gate Agent) Make and confirm reservations andsell tickets to passengers and for large hotel or motelchains. May check baggage and direct passengers todesignated concourse, pier, or track; makereservations, deliver tickets, arrange for visas,contact individuals and groups to inform them ofpackage tours, or provide tourists with travelinformation, such as points of interest, restaurants,rates, and emergency service. Exclude "TravelAgents" (41-3041), "Hotel, Motel, and Resort DeskClerks" (43-4081), and "Cashiers" (41-2011) whosell tickets for local transportation.Illustrative Examples: Ticket Clerk; HotelReservationist
43-4199 Information and Record Clerks, AllOtherAll information and record clerks not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Student Admissions Clerk;Suggestion Clerk; Vault Custodian
43-5011 Cargo and Freight AgentsExpedite and route movement of incoming andoutgoing cargo and freight shipments in airline,train, and trucking terminals, and shipping docks.Take orders from customers and arrange pickup offreight and cargo for delivery to loading platform.Prepare and examine bills of lading to determineshipping charges and tariffs.Illustrative Examples: Routing Agent; ShippingAgent
43-5021 Couriers and MessengersPick up and carry messages, documents, packages,and other items between offices or departmentswithin an establishment or to other businessconcerns, traveling by foot, bicycle, motorcycle,automobile, or public conveyance. Exclude "TruckDrivers, Light or Delivery Services" (53-3033).Illustrative Examples: Message Delivery Clerk;Telegraph Messenger
43-5031 Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers(Emergency Operator) Receive complaints frompublic concerning crimes and police emergencies.Broadcast orders to police patrol units in vicinity ofcomplaint to investigate. Operate radio, telephone, orcomputer equipment to receive reports of fires and
medical emergencies and relay information or ordersto proper officials.Illustrative Examples: 911 Operator; Public SafetyDispatcher
43-5032 Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, andAmbulanceSchedule and dispatch workers, work crews,equipment, or service vehicles for conveyance ofmaterials, freight, or passengers, or for normalinstallation, service, or emergency repairs renderedoutside the place of business. Duties may includeusing radio, telephone, or computer to transmitassignments and compiling statistics and reports onwork progress.Illustrative Examples: Security Dispatcher; RepairService Dispatcher; Taxicab Dispatcher
43-5041 Meter Readers, UtilitiesRead meter and record consumption of electricity,gas, water, or steam.Illustrative Examples: Electric Meter Reader; MeterRecord Clerk; Water Meter Reader
43-5051 Postal Service ClerksPerform any combination of tasks in a post office,such as receive letters and parcels; sell postage andrevenue stamps, postal cards, and stampedenvelopes; fill out and sell money orders; place mailin pigeon holes of mail rack or in bags according toState, address, or other scheme; and examine mailfor correct postage.Illustrative Examples: Parcel Post Clerk; SpecialDelivery Clerk; Stamp Clerk
43-5052 Postal Service Mail CarriersSort mail for delivery. Deliver mail on establishedroute by vehicle or on foot.Illustrative Examples: Letter Carrier; MailDeliverer; Route Carrier
43-5053 Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors,and Processing Machine OperatorsPrepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution.Examine, sort, and route mail by State, type of mail,or other scheme. Load, operate, and occasionallyadjust and repair mail processing, sorting, andcanceling machinery. Keep records of shipments,pouches, and sacks; and other duties related to mailhandling within the postal service. Must complete acompetitive exam. Exclude "Postal Service Clerks"(43-5051) and "Postal Service Mail Carriers" (43-5052).Illustrative Examples: Mail Weigher; Mail HandlerSorting Mail
43-5061 Production, Planning, and ExpeditingClerks(Assignment Agent) Coordinate and expedite theflow of work and materials within or betweendepartments of an establishment according toproduction schedule. Duties include reviewing anddistributing production, work, and shipmentschedules; conferring with department supervisors todetermine progress of work and completion dates;and compiling reports on progress of work,inventory levels, costs, and production problems.Exclude "Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, andSamplers, Recordkeeping" (43-5111).Illustrative Examples: Production Dispatcher;Expediter
43-5071 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks(Freight Clerk) Verify and keep records onincoming and outgoing shipments. Prepare items forshipment. Duties include assembling, addressing,stamping, and shipping merchandise or material;receiving, unpacking, verifying and recording
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incoming merchandise or material; and arranging forthe transportation of products. Exclude "StockClerks and Order Fillers" (43-5081) and "Weighers,Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping"(43-5111).Illustrative Examples: Receiver; Garment Sorter;Freight Separator
43-5081 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers(Tool-Crib Attendant) Receive, store, and issuesales floor merchandise, materials, equipment, andother items from stockroom, warehouse, or storageyard to fill shelves, racks, tables, or customers'orders. May mark prices on merchandise and set upsales displays. Exclude "Laborers and Freight,Stock, and Material Movers, Hand" (53-7062), and"Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks" (43-5071).Illustrative Examples: Inventory Control Clerk;Warehouse Clerk
43-5111 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, andSamplers, RecordkeepingWeigh, measure, and check materials, supplies, andequipment for the purpose of keeping relevantrecords. Duties are primarily clerical by nature.Include workers who collect and keep record ofsamples of products or materials. Excludeproduction "Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers,and Weighers" (51-9061).Illustrative Examples: Counter; Inventory Checker;Scale Attendant
43-6011 Executive Secretaries andAdministrative AssistantsProvide high-level administrative support byconducting research, preparing statistical reports,handling information requests, and performingclerical functions such as preparing correspondence,receiving visitors, arranging conference calls, andscheduling meetings. May also train and superviselower-level clerical staff. Exclude "Secretaries" (43-6012 through 43-6014).Illustrative Example: Administrative Aide
43-6012 Legal SecretariesPerform secretarial duties utilizing legalterminology, procedures, and documents. Preparelegal papers and correspondence, such assummonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas.May also assist with legal research.
43-6013 Medical SecretariesPerform secretarial duties utilizing specificknowledge of medical terminology and hospital,clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties includescheduling appointments, billing patients, andcompiling and recording medical charts, reports, andcorrespondence.Illustrative Examples: Psychiatric Secretary; DentalSecretary
43-6014 Secretaries, Except Legal, Medical, andExecutivePerform routine clerical and administrative functionssuch as drafting correspondence, schedulingappointments, organizing and maintaining paper andelectronic files, or providing information to callers.Exclude legal, medical, or executive secretaries andadministrative assistants (43-6011 through 43-6013).Illustrative Examples: Personal Secretary; OfficeSecretary; Receptionist Secretary
43-9011 Computer Operators(Peripheral Equipment Operator) Monitor andcontrol electronic computer and peripheral electronicdata processing equipment to process business,scientific, engineering, and other data according to
operating instructions. May enter commands at acomputer terminal and set controls on computer andperipheral devices. Monitor and respond to operatingand error messages. Exclude "Data Entry Keyers"(43-9021).Illustrative Examples: Console Operator; DataProcessing Clerk
43-9021 Data Entry Keyers(Keypunch Operator) Operate data entry device,such as keyboard or photo composing perforator.Duties may include verifying data and preparingmaterials for printing. Exclude "Word Processorsand Typists" (43-9022).Illustrative Example: Data Typist
43-9022 Word Processors and Typists(Composing Data Keyer) Use wordprocessor/computer or typewriter to type letters,reports, forms, or other material from rough draft,corrected copy, or voice recording. May performother clerical duties as assigned. Include composingdata keyers. Exclude "Data Entry Keyers" (43-9021), "Secretaries and Administrative Assistants"(43-6011 through 43-6014), "Court Reporters" (23-2091), and "Medical Transcriptionists" (31-9094).Illustrative Examples: Clerk Typist; DictaphoneTypist
43-9031 Desktop PublishersFormat typescript and graphic elements usingcomputer software to produce publication-readymaterial.Illustrative Examples: Computer Compositor;Electronic Pagination System Operator; PageMakeup System Operator
43-9041 Insurance Claims and Policy ProcessingClerksProcess new insurance policies, modifications toexisting policies, and claims forms. Obtaininformation from policyholders to verify theaccuracy and completeness of information on claimsforms, applications and related documents, andcompany records. Update existing policies andcompany records to reflect changes requested bypolicyholders and insurance companyrepresentatives. Exclude "Claims Adjusters,Examiners, and Investigators" (13-1031).Illustrative Examples: Claim Taker; Policy IssueClerk; Underwriting Clerk
43-9051 Mail Clerks and Mail MachineOperators, Except Postal ServicePrepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution.Use hand or mail handling machines to time stamp,open, read, sort, and route incoming mail; andaddress, seal, stamp, fold, stuff, and affix postage tooutgoing mail or packages. Duties may also includekeeping necessary records and completed forms.Illustrative Examples: Addressing MachineOperator; Mail Distributor; Mail Opener
43-9061 Office Clerks, GeneralPerform duties too varied and diverse to be classifiedin any specific office clerical occupation, requiringlimited knowledge of office management systemsand procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned inaccordance with the office procedures of individualestablishments and may include a combination ofanswering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or wordprocessing, stenography, office machine operation,and filing.Illustrative Examples: Administrative Clerk; OfficeAssistant; Real Estate Clerk
43-9071 Office Machine Operators, ExceptComputerOperate one or more of a variety of office machines,such as photocopying, photographic, and duplicatingmachines, or other office machines. Exclude"Computer Operators" (43-9011), "Mail Clerks andMail Machine Operators" (43-9051) and "Billingand Posting Clerks and Machine Operators" (43-3021).Illustrative Examples: Check Embosser; CoinWrapping Machine Operator; Copy MachineOperator
43-9081 Proofreaders and Copy Markers(Braille Proofreader) Read transcript or proof typesetup to detect and mark for correction anygrammatical, typographical, or compositional errors.Exclude workers whose primary duty is editingcopy. Include proofreaders of Braille.Illustrative Example: Copy Reader
43-9111 Statistical Assistants(Actuarial Clerk) Compile and compute dataaccording to statistical formulas for use in statisticalstudies. May perform actuarial computations andcompile charts and graphs for use by actuaries.Include actuarial clerks.Illustrative Examples: Tabulating Clerk; Compiler;Data Technician
43-9199 Office and Administrative SupportWorkers, All OtherAll office and administrative support workers notlisted separately.Illustrative Examples: Notary Public; EnvelopeStuffer
FARMING, FISHING, AND FORESTRYOCCUPATIONS
45-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofFarming, Fishing, and Forestry WorkersDirectly supervise and coordinate the activities ofagricultural, forestry, aquacultural, and relatedworkers. Exclude "First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Landscaping, Lawn Service, and GroundskeepingWorkers" (37-1012).Illustrative Examples: Christmas Tree FarmManager; Harvest Crew Supervisor; Fish HatcherySupervisor
45-1012 Farm Labor ContractorsRecruit, hire, furnish, and supervise seasonal ortemporary agricultural laborers for a fee. Maytransport, house, and provide meals for workers.Illustrative Example: Harvesting Contractor
45-2011 Agricultural InspectorsInspect agricultural commodities, processingequipment, and facilities, and fish and loggingoperations, to ensure compliance with regulationsand laws governing health, quality, and safety.Illustrative Examples: Cattle Examiner; MeatGrader; Grain Sampler
45-2021 Animal BreedersBreed animals, including cattle, goats, horses, sheep,swine, poultry, dogs, cats, or pet birds. Select andbreed animals according to their genealogy,characteristics, and offspring. May require aknowledge of artificial insemination techniques andequipment use. May involve keeping records onheats, birth intervals, or pedigree. Exclude "NonfarmAnimal Caretakers" (39-2021) who mayoccasionally breed animals as part of their othercaretaking duties. Exclude "Animal Scientists" (19-1011) whose primary function is research.
45-2041 Graders and Sorters, AgriculturalProductsGrade, sort, or classify unprocessed food and otheragricultural products by size, weight, color, orcondition. Exclude "Agricultural Inspectors" (45-2011).Illustrative Examples: Chicken Grader; CottonClasser; Fruit Sorter
45-2091 Agricultural Equipment OperatorsDrive and control farm equipment to till soil and toplant, cultivate, and harvest crops. May performtasks, such as crop baling or hay bucking. Mayoperate stationary equipment to perform post-harvesttasks, such as husking, shelling, threshing, andginning.Illustrative Examples: Baler; Combine Operator;Tractor Driver
45-2092 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop,Nursery, and Greenhouse(Nursery Worker) Manually plant, cultivate, andharvest vegetables, fruits, nuts, horticulturalspecialties, and field crops. Use hand tools, such asshovels, trowels, hoes, tampers, pruning hooks,shears, and knives. Duties may include tilling soiland applying fertilizers; transplanting, weeding,thinning, or pruning crops; applying pesticides;cleaning, grading, sorting, packing and loadingharvested products. May construct trellises, repairfences and farm buildings, or participate in irrigationactivities. Exclude "Graders and Sorters,Agricultural Products" (45-2041). Exclude "Forest,Conservation, and Logging Workers" (45-4011through 45-4029).Illustrative Examples: Apple Picker; TobaccoCutter; Vegetable Loader
45-2093 Farmworkers, Farm and RanchAnimalsAttend to live farm, ranch, or aquacultural animalsthat may include cattle, sheep, swine, goats, horsesand other equines, poultry, finfish, shellfish, andbees. Attend to animals produced for animalproducts, such as meat, fur, skins, feathers, eggs,milk, and honey. Duties may include feeding,watering, herding, grazing, castrating, branding, de-beaking, weighing, catching, and loading animals.May maintain records on animals; examine animalsto detect diseases and injuries; assist in birthdeliveries; and administer medications, vaccinations,or insecticides as appropriate. May clean andmaintain animal housing areas. Include workers whoshear wool from sheep, and collect eggs inhatcheries.Illustrative Examples: Horse Groomer; Beekeeper;Livestock Feeder
45-2099 Agricultural Workers, All OtherAll agricultural workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Irrigation Worker; LivestockShowman
45-3011 Fishers and Related Fishing WorkersUse nets, fishing rods, traps, or other equipment tocatch and gather fish or other aquatic animals fromrivers, lakes, or oceans, for human consumption orother uses. May haul game onto ship. Includeaquacultural laborers who work on fish farms with"Agricultural Workers, All Other" (45-2099).Illustrative Examples: Fishing Boat Captain;Crabber; Seaweed Harvester
45-3021 Hunters and TrappersHunt and trap wild animals for human consumption,fur, feed, bait, or other purposes.Illustrative Examples: Predatory AnimalExterminator; Bird Trapper
45-4011 Forest and Conservation Workers(Forester Aide) Under supervision, perform manuallabor necessary to develop, maintain, or protectforest, forested areas, and woodlands through suchactivities as raising and transporting tree seedlings;combating insects, pests, and diseases harmful totrees; and building erosion and water controlstructures and leaching of forest soil. Includeforester aides, seedling pullers, and tree planters.Illustrative Examples: Christmas Tree FarmWorker; Seedling Puller; Forestry Laborer
45-4021 Fallers(Lumberjack) Use axes or chainsaws to fell treesusing knowledge of tree characteristics and cuttingtechniques to control direction of fall and minimizetree damage.Illustrative Examples: Cross Cut Sawyer; TimberCutter
45-4022 Logging Equipment OperatorsDrive logging tractor or wheeled vehicle equippedwith one or more accessories, such as bulldozerblade, frontal shear, grapple, logging arch, cablewinches, hoisting rack, or crane boom, to fell tree; toskid, load, unload, or stack logs; or to pull stumps orclear brush.Illustrative Examples: Log Hauler; Logging TractorOperator; Skidder Driver
45-4023 Log Graders and ScalersGrade logs or estimate the marketable content orvalue of logs or pulpwood in sorting yards,millpond, log deck, or similar locations. Inspect logsfor defects or measure logs to determine volume.Exclude "Purchasing Agents and Buyers, FarmProducts" (13-1021).Illustrative Examples: Timber Estimator; LandingScaler
45-4029 Logging Workers, All OtherAll logging workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Barker; Cable Hooker;Rigging Slinger
CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTIONOCCUPATIONS
47-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofConstruction Trades and Extraction Workers(Quarry Boss) Directly supervise and coordinateactivities of construction or extraction workers.Illustrative Example: Cement Contractor
47-2011 BoilermakersConstruct, assemble, maintain, and repair stationarysteam boilers and boiler house auxiliaries. Alignstructures or plate sections to assemble boiler frametanks or vats, following blueprints. Work involvesuse of hand and power tools, plumb bobs, levels,wedges, dogs, or turnbuckles. Assist in testingassembled vessels. Direct cleaning of boilers andboiler furnaces. Inspect and repair boiler fittings,such as safety valves, regulators, automatic-controlmechanisms, water columns, and auxiliarymachines.Illustrative Examples: Boiler Installer; BoilerMechanic; Pressure Tester
47-2021 Brickmasons and BlockmasonsLay and bind building materials, such as brick,structural tile, concrete block, cinder block, glass
block, and terra-cotta block, with mortar and othersubstances to construct or repair walls, partitions,arches, sewers, and other structures. Exclude"Stonemasons" (47-2022). Classify installers ofmortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units in"Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers" (37-3011).Illustrative Examples: Adobe Layer; ChimneyBuilder; Furnace Liner
47-2022 StonemasonsBuild stone structures, such as piers, walls, andabutments. Lay walks, curbstones, or special typesof masonry for vats, tanks, and floors.Illustrative Examples: Granite Setter; MonumentInstaller; Rock Mason
47-2031 CarpentersConstruct, erect, install, or repair structures andfixtures made of wood, such as concrete forms;building frameworks, including partitions, joists,studding, and rafters; wood stairways, window anddoor frames, and hardwood floors. May also installcabinets, siding, drywall and batt or roll insulation.Include brattice builders who build doors or brattices(ventilation walls or partitions) in undergroundpassageways to control the proper circulation of airthrough the passageways and to the working places.Illustrative Examples: Shipwright; Cabinetmaker;Wood Floor Layer
47-2041 Carpet InstallersLay and install carpet from rolls or blocks on floors.Install padding and trim flooring materials. Exclude"Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and HardTiles" (47-2042).Illustrative Examples: Floor Coverer; Rug Layer
47-2042 Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, andHard TilesApply blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing,sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors.Illustrative Examples: Composition Floor Setter;Linoleum Layer; Soft Tile Setter
47-2043 Floor Sanders and FinishersScrape and sand wooden floors to smooth surfacesusing floor scraper and floor sanding machine, andapply coats of finish.Illustrative Examples: Floor Sanding MachineOperator; Floor Surfacer; Hardwood Finisher
47-2044 Tile and Marble SettersApply hard tile, marble, and wood tile to walls,floors, ceilings, and roof decks.Illustrative Examples: Ceramic Tile Installer; HardTile Setter; Marble Installer
47-2051 Cement Masons and Concrete FinishersSmooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, suchas floors, walks, sidewalks, roads, or curbs using avariety of hand and power tools. Align forms forsidewalks, curbs, or gutters; patch voids; use saws tocut expansion joints. Classify installers ofmortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units in"Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers. (37-3011).Illustrative Examples: Curb Builder; Concrete FloorInstaller
47-2053 Terrazzo Workers and FinishersApply a mixture of cement, sand, pigment, or marblechips to floors, stairways, and cabinet fixtures tofashion durable and decorative surfaces.Illustrative Example: Artificial Marble Worker47-2061 Construction LaborersPerform tasks involving physical labor at building,highway, and heavy construction projects, tunnel
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and shaft excavations, and demolition sites. Mayoperate hand and power tools of all types: airhammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, smallmechanical hoists, surveying and measuringequipment, and a variety of other equipment andinstruments. May clean and prepare sites, digtrenches, set braces to support the sides ofexcavations, erect scaffolding, clean up rubble anddebris, and remove asbestos, lead, and otherhazardous waste materials. May assist other craftworkers. Exclude construction laborers whoprimarily assist a particular craft worker, andclassify them under "Helpers, Construction Trades"(47-3011 through 47-3016).Illustrative Examples: Air Hammer Operator;Asphalt Patcher; Construction Craft Laborer
47-2071 Paving, Surfacing, and TampingEquipment OperatorsOperate equipment used for applying concrete,asphalt, or other materials to road beds, parking lots,or airport runways and taxiways, or equipment usedfor tamping gravel, dirt, or other materials. Includeconcrete and asphalt paving machine operators, formtampers, tamping machine operators, and stonespreader operators.Illustrative Examples: Asphalt Spreader Operator;Black Top Machine Operator; Road Grader
47-2072 Pile-Driver OperatorsOperate pile drivers mounted on skids, barges,crawler treads, or locomotive cranes to drive pilingsfor retaining walls, bulkheads, and foundations ofstructures, such as buildings, bridges, and piers.Illustrative Examples: Nozzle Operator; Pile DriverEngineer
47-2073 Operating Engineers and OtherConstruction Equipment OperatorsOperate one or several types of power constructionequipment, such as motor graders, bulldozers,scrapers, compressors, pumps, derricks, shovels,tractors, or front-end loaders to excavate, move, andgrade earth, erect structures, or pour concrete orother hard surface pavement. May repair andmaintain equipment in addition to other duties.Exclude "Crane and Tower Operators" (53-7021)and equipment operators who work in extraction orother non-construction industries.Illustrative Examples: Bulldozer Operator; PowerGrader Operator; Steam Shovel Operator
47-2081 Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers(Lather) Apply plasterboard or other wallboard toceilings or interior walls of buildings. Apply ormount acoustical tiles or blocks, strips, or sheets ofshock-absorbing materials to ceilings and walls ofbuildings to reduce or reflect sound. Materials maybe of decorative quality. Include lathers who fastenwooden, metal, or rockboard lath to walls, ceilingsor partitions of buildings to provide support base forplaster, fire-proofing, or acoustical material. Exclude"Carpenters" (47-2031), and "Tile and MarbleSetters" (47-2044).Illustrative Examples: Acoustical Carpenter; SheetRock Hanger
47-2082 TapersSeal joints between plasterboard or other wallboardto prepare wall surface for painting or papering.Illustrative Examples: Sheet Rock Taper; Wall Taper
47-2111 ElectriciansInstall, maintain, and repair electrical wiring,equipment, and fixtures. Ensure that work is inaccordance with relevant codes. May install orservice street lights, intercom systems, or electrical
control systems. Exclude "Security and Fire AlarmSystems Installers" (49-2098).Illustrative Examples: Electrical Sign Servicer;House Wirer; Chief Electrician
47-2121 GlaziersInstall glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, anddisplay cases, or on surfaces, such as building fronts,interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops.Illustrative Examples: Window Glass Installer; PlateGlass Installer; Stained Glass Glazier
47-2131 Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, andWallLine and cover structures with insulating materials.May work with batt, roll, or blown insulationmaterials.Illustrative Examples: CompositionWeatherboard Installer; Fiberglass InsulationInstaller; Insulation Blower
47-2132 Insulation Workers, MechanicalApply insulating materials to pipes or ductwork, orother mechanical systems in order to help controland maintain temperature.Illustrative Examples: Boiler Coverer; Pipe Coverer
47-2141 Painters, Construction and MaintenancePaint walls, equipment, buildings, bridges, and otherstructural surfaces, using brushes, rollers, and sprayguns. May remove old paint to prepare surface priorto painting. May mix colors or oils to obtain desiredcolor or consistency. Exclude "Paperhangers" (47-2142).Illustrative Examples: Bridge Painter; Traffic LinePainter; House Painter
47-2142 PaperhangersCover interior walls and ceilings of rooms withdecorative wallpaper or fabric, or attach advertisingposters on surfaces, such as walls and billboards.Duties include removing old materials from surfaceto be papered.Illustrative Examples: Billboard Poster;Wallpaperer
47-2151 PipelayersLay pipe for storm or sanitation sewers, drains, andwater mains. Perform any combination of thefollowing tasks: grade trenches or culverts, positionpipe, or seal joints. Exclude "Welders, Cutters,Solderers, and Brazers" (51-4121).Illustrative Examples: Trench Pipe Layer; PipeLiner; Sewer Connector
47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and SteamfittersAssemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipesystems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquidsor gases. May install heating and cooling equipmentand mechanical control systems.Illustrative Examples: Gas Line Installer; Hot WaterHeater Installer; Sprinkling System Installer
47-2161 Plasterers and Stucco MasonsApply interior or exterior plaster, cement, stucco, orsimilar materials. May also set ornamental plaster.Illustrative Examples: Dry Plasterer; StuccoWorker; Ornamental Plasterer
47-2171 Reinforcing Iron and Rebar WorkersPosition and secure steel bars or mesh in concreteforms in order to reinforce concrete. Use a variety offasteners, rod-bending machines, blowtorches, andhand tools. Include rod busters.Illustrative Examples: Reinforcing Rod Layer; RodBuster; Steel Tier
47-2181 RoofersCover roofs of structures with shingles, slate,asphalt, aluminum, wood, and related materials. Mayspray roofs, sidings, and walls with material to bind,seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures.Illustrative Examples: Slater; Hot Tar Roofer; TerraCotta Roofer
47-2211 Sheet Metal Workers(Duct Installer, Metal) Fabricate, assemble, install,and repair sheet metal products and equipment, suchas ducts, control boxes, drainpipes, and furnacecasings. Work may involve any of the following:setting up and operating fabricating machines to cut,bend, and straighten sheet metal; shaping metal overanvils, blocks, or forms using hammer; operatingsoldering and welding equipment to join sheet metalparts; inspecting, assembling, and smoothing seamsand joints of burred surfaces. Include sheet metalduct installers who install prefabricated sheet metalducts used for heating, air conditioning, or otherpurposes.Illustrative Example: Tinsmith
47-2221 Structural Iron and Steel WorkersRaise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns,and other structural members to form completedstructures or structural frameworks. May erect metalstorage tanks and assemble prefabricated metalbuildings. Exclude "Reinforcing Iron and RebarWorkers" (47-2171).Illustrative Examples: Bolter; Guard Rail Installer;Construction Ironworker
47-3011 Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons,Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble SettersHelp brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, ortile and marble setters by performing duties of lesserskill. Duties include using, supplying or holdingmaterials or tools, and cleaning work area andequipment. Exclude apprentice workers and reportthem with the appropriate skilled construction tradeoccupation (47-2011 through 47-2221). Excludeconstruction laborers who do not primarily assistbrickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons or tileand marble setters, and classify them under"Construction Laborers" (47-2061).Illustrative Examples: Brick Carrier; Brick Washer;Tile Layers Helper
47-3012 Helpers--CarpentersHelp carpenters by performing duties of lesser skill.Duties include using, supplying or holding materialsor tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.Exclude apprentice workers and report them with theappropriate skilled construction trade occupation(47-2011 through 47-2221). Exclude constructionlaborers who do not primarily assist carpenters, andclassify them under "Construction Laborers" (47-2061).Illustrative Examples: Carpenter's Mate; Joiner'sHelper; Cabinetmaker’s Helper
47-3013 Helpers--ElectriciansHelp electricians by performing duties of lesser skill.Duties include using, supplying or holding materialsor tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.Exclude apprentice workers and report them with theappropriate skilled construction trade occupation(47-2011 through 47-2221). Exclude constructionlaborers who do not primarily assist electricians, andclassify them under "Construction Laborers" (47-2061).Illustrative Examples: Utilities Ground Worker;Electrician's Assistant
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47-3014 Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers,Plasterers, and Stucco MasonsHelp painters, paperhangers, plasterers, or stuccomasons by performing duties of lesser skill. Dutiesinclude using, supplying or holding materials ortools, and cleaning work area and equipment.Exclude apprentice workers and report them with theappropriate skilled construction trade occupation(47-2011 through 47-2221). Exclude constructionlaborers who do not primarily assist painters,paperhangers, plasterers, or stucco masons, andclassify them under "Construction Laborers" (47-2061).Illustrative Example: Plaster Tender
47-3015 Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers,Pipefitters, and SteamfittersHelp plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, orpipelayers by performing duties of lesser skill.Duties include using, supplying or holding materialsor tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.Exclude apprentice workers and report them with theappropriate skilled construction trade occupation(47-2011 through 47-2221). Exclude constructionlaborers who do not primarily assist plumbers,pipefitters, steamfitters, or pipelayers, and classifythem under "Construction Laborers" (47-2061).Illustrative Examples: Pipe Cutter; Plumber’sAssistant; Water Main Installer’s Helper
47-3016 Helpers--RoofersHelp roofers by performing duties of lesser skill.Duties include using, supplying or holding materialsor tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.Exclude apprentice workers and report them with theappropriate skilled construction trade occupation(47-2011 through 47-2221). Exclude constructionlaborers who do not primarily assist roofers, andclassify them under "Construction Laborers" (47-2061).Illustrative Example: Roofer's Assistant
47-3019 Helpers, Construction Trades, All OtherAll construction trades helpers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Cement Mixer; Glazier'sHelper; Surveyor’s Helper
47-4011 Construction and Building InspectorsInspect structures using engineering skills todetermine structural soundness and compliance withspecifications, building codes, and other regulations.Inspections may be general in nature or may belimited to a specific area, such as electrical systemsor plumbing.Illustrative Examples: Highway Inspector; ElectricalInspector; Architectural Inspector
47-4021 Elevator Installers and Repairers(Escalator Installer) Assemble, install, repair, ormaintain electric or hydraulic freight or passengerelevators, escalators, or dumbwaiters.Illustrative Examples: Elevator Mechanic;Hydraulic Elevator Constructor
47-4031 Fence ErectorsErect and repair metal and wooden fences and fencegates around highways, industrial establishments,residences, or farms, using hand and power tools.Illustrative Examples: Wire Fence Builder; WoodFence Installer
47-4041 Hazardous Materials Removal WorkersIdentify, remove, pack, transport, or dispose ofhazardous materials, including asbestos, lead-basedpaint, waste oil, fuel, transmission fluid, radioactivematerials, contaminated soil, etc. Specializedtraining and certification in hazardous materialshandling or a confined entry permit are generally
47-4051 Highway Maintenance WorkersMaintain highways, municipal and rural roads,airport runways, and rights-of-way. Duties includepatching broken or eroded pavement, repairing guardrails, highway markers, and snow fences. May alsomow or clear brush from along road or plow snowfrom roadway. Exclude "Tree Trimmers andPruners" (37-3013).Illustrative Examples: Snow Plow Operator; RoadPatcher; Road Sign Installer
47-4061 Rail-Track Laying and MaintenanceEquipment OperatorsLay, repair, and maintain track for standard ornarrow-gauge railroad equipment used in regularrailroad service or in plant yards, quarries, sand andgravel pits, and mines. Include ballast cleaningmachine operators and railroad bed tamping machineoperators.Illustrative Examples: Ballast Cleaning MachineOperator; Track Surfacing Machine Operator;Track Dresser
47-4071 Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer PipeCleanersClean and repair septic tanks, sewer lines, or drains.May patch walls and partitions of tank, replacedamaged drain tile, or repair breaks in undergroundpiping.Illustrative Examples: Sewage Screen Operator;Septic Tank Cleaner; Electric Sewer CleaningMachine Operator
47-4091 Segmental PaversLay out, cut, and paste segmental paving units.Include installers of bedding and restrainingmaterials for the paving units.Illustrative Examples: Concrete Paver Installer;Interlocking Concrete Pavement Installer
47-4099 Construction and Related Workers, AllOtherAll construction and related workers not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Aluminum Pool Installer;Building Wrecker; Waterproofer
47-5011 Derrick Operators, Oil and GasRig derrick equipment and operate pumps tocirculate mud through drill hole.Illustrative Examples: Rotary Derrick Operator;Well Service Derrick Worker
47-5012 Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and GasSet up or operate a variety of drills to removepetroleum products from the earth and to find andremove core samples for testing during oil and gasexploration.Illustrative Examples: Cable Tool Operator; CoreDriller; Well Driller
47-5013 Service Unit Operators, Oil, Gas, andMining(Fishing Tool Operator) Operate equipment toincrease oil flow from producing wells or to removestuck pipe, casing, tools, or other obstructions fromdrilling wells. May also perform similar services inmining exploration operations. Include fishing-tooltechnicians.Illustrative Example: Well Cleaner
47-5021 Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas(Auger Operator) Operate a variety of drills--suchas rotary, churn, and pneumatic--to tap sub-surfacewater and salt deposits, to remove core samplesduring mineral exploration or soil testing, and tofacilitate the use of explosives in mining orconstruction. May use explosives. Include horizontaland earth boring machine operators.Illustrative Examples: Earth Boring MachineOperator; Tunneling Machine Operator
47-5031 Explosives Workers, OrdnanceHandling Experts, and BlastersPlace and detonate explosives to demolish structuresor to loosen, remove, or displace earth, rock, or othermaterials. May perform specialized handling,storage, and accounting procedures. Includeseismograph shooters. Exclude "Earth Drillers,Except Oil and Gas" (47-5021) who may also workwith explosives.Illustrative Examples: Dynamiter; ExplosivesExpert; Blast Setter
47-5041 Continuous Mining Machine OperatorsOperate self-propelled mining machines that ripcoal, metal and nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sandfrom the face and load it onto conveyors or intoshuttle cars in a continuous operation.
47-5042 Mine Cutting and Channeling MachineOperatorsOperate machinery--such as longwall shears, plows,and cutting machines--to cut or channel along theface or seams of coal mines, stone quarries, or othermining surfaces to facilitate blasting, separating, orremoving minerals or materials from mines or fromthe earth's surface. Include shale planers.Illustrative Examples: Coal Cutter; Long WallMining Machine Tender; Shale Planer Operator
47-5049 Mining Machine Operators, All OtherAll mining machine operators not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Extraction MachineOperator; Hydraulic Operator; Rock Duster
47-5051 Rock Splitters, QuarrySeparate blocks of rough dimension stone fromquarry mass using jackhammer and wedges.Illustrative Examples: Quarry Plug and FeatherDriller; Rock Breaker
47-5061 Roof Bolters, MiningOperate machinery to install roof support bolts inunderground mine.
47-5071 Roustabouts, Oil and GasAssemble or repair oil field equipment using handand power tools. Perform other tasks as needed.Illustrative Examples: Connection Worker; Oil FieldLaborer
47-5081 Helpers--Extraction WorkersHelp extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers,blasters and explosives workers, derrick operators,and mining machine operators, by performing dutiesof lesser skill. Duties include supplying equipmentor cleaning work area. Exclude apprentice workersand report them with the appropriate extraction tradeoccupation (47-5011 through 47-5099).Illustrative Examples: Blaster’s Helper; TunnelMucker; Mining Helper
47-5099 Extraction Workers, All OtherAll extraction workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Chute Operator; CoalDigger; Sandfill Operator
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INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, ANDREPAIR OCCUPATIONS
49-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofMechanics, Installers, and RepairersSupervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics,installers, and repairers. Exclude team or workleaders.Illustrative Examples: Marine Service Manager;Ground Crew Chief; Engine Repair Supervisor
49-2011 Computer, Automated Teller, and OfficeMachine Repairers(Cash Register Servicer) Repair, maintain, or installcomputers, word processing systems, automatedteller machines, and electronic office machines, suchas duplicating and fax machines.Illustrative Examples: ATM Specialist; ComputerInstaller
49-2021 Radio MechanicsTest or repair mobile or stationary radio transmittingand receiving equipment and two-way radiocommunications systems used in ship-to-shorecommunications and found in service andemergency vehicles.Illustrative Examples: Radio Electrician; RadioRigger
49-2022 Telecommunications EquipmentInstallers and Repairers, Except Line InstallersSet-up, rearrange, or remove switching and dialingequipment used in central offices. Service or repairtelephones and other communication equipment oncustomers' property. May install equipment in newlocations or install wiring and telephone jacks inbuildings under construction.Illustrative Examples: Central Office EquipmentInstaller; Electronics Installer; Exchange Mechanic
49-2091 Avionics TechniciansInstall, inspect, test, adjust, or repair avionicsequipment, such as radar, radio, navigation, andmissile control systems in aircraft or space vehicles.Illustrative Examples: Aircraft Electrician;Automatic Pilot Mechanic; Missile FacilitiesRepairer
49-2092 Electric Motor, Power Tool, and RelatedRepairersRepair, maintain, or install electric motors, wiring,or switches.Illustrative Examples: Armature Winder; GeneratorMechanic; Electric Golf Cart Repairer
49-2093 Electrical and Electronics Installers andRepairers, Transportation EquipmentInstall, adjust, or maintain mobile electronicscommunication equipment, including sound, sonar,security, navigation, and surveillance systems ontrains, watercraft, or other mobile equipment.Exclude "Avionics Technicians" (49-2091) and"Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers,Motor Vehicles" (49-2096).Illustrative Example: Locomotive Electrician
49-2094 Electrical and Electronics Repairers,Commercial and Industrial Equipment(Radar Technician) Repair, test, adjust, or installelectronic equipment, such as industrial controls,transmitters, and antennas. Exclude "AvionicsTechnicians" (49-2091), "Electronic EquipmentInstallers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles" (49-2096),and "Electrical and Electronics Installers andRepairers, Transportation Equipment" (49-2093).Illustrative Examples: Missile Pad Mechanic;Amplifier Mechanic
49-2095 Electrical and Electronics Repairers,Powerhouse, Substation, and RelayInspect, test, repair, or maintain electrical equipmentin generating stations, substations, and in-servicerelays.Illustrative Examples: Powerhouse Electrician;Relay Technician; Power Transformer Repairer
49-2096 Electronic Equipment Installers andRepairers, Motor VehiclesInstall, diagnose, or repair communications, sound,security, or navigation equipment in motor vehicles.Illustrative Examples: Auto Phone Installer;Automotive Electrician
49-2097 Electronic Home EntertainmentEquipment Installers and RepairersRepair, adjust, or install audio or televisionreceivers, stereo systems, camcorders, videosystems, or other electronic home entertainmentequipment.Illustrative Examples: Electric Organ Technician;Television Mechanic; Satellite Dish Installer
49-2098 Security and Fire Alarm SystemsInstallersInstall, program, maintain, and repair security andfire alarm wiring and equipment. Ensure that work isin accordance with relevant codes. Exclude"Electricians" (47-2111) who do a broad range ofelectrical wiring.Illustrative Examples: Fire Alarm Installer; BurglarAlarm Mechanic
49-3012 Aircraft Mechanics and ServiceTechnicians, FAA CertifiedDiagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul aircraft enginesand assemblies, such as hydraulic and pneumaticsystems. FAA certification required. Include FAAcertified helicopter and aircraft engine specialists.
49-3013 Aircraft Mechanics and ServiceTechnicians, not FAA CertifiedDiagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul aircraft enginesand assemblies, such as hydraulic and pneumaticsystems. Include helicopter and aircraft enginespecialists.
49-3021 Automotive Body and Related RepairersRepair and refinish automotive vehicle bodies andstraighten vehicle frames. Exclude "Painters,Transportation Equipment" (51-9122) and"Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers" (49-3022).Illustrative Examples: Auto Body Customizer;Collision Mechanic; Frame Straightener
49-3022 Automotive Glass Installers andRepairersReplace or repair broken windshields and windowglass in motor vehicles.Illustrative Examples: Auto Glass Mechanic;Windshield Installer; Auto Glass Fitter
49-3023 Automotive Service Technicians andMechanicsDiagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul automotivevehicles. Exclude "Automotive Body and RelatedRepairers" (49-3021), "Bus and Truck Mechanicsand Diesel Engine Specialists" (49-3031), and"Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers,Motor Vehicles" (49-2096).Illustrative Examples: Auto Brake Mechanic; FuelInjection Servicer; Auto Transmission Specialist
49-3031 Bus and Truck Mechanics and DieselEngine SpecialistsDiagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul trucks, buses,and all types of diesel engines. Include mechanicsworking primarily with automobile diesel engines.Illustrative Examples: Tractor Trailer Mechanic;Diesel Mechanic; Farm Equipment EngineMechanic
49-3041 Farm Equipment MechanicsDiagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul farm machineryand vehicles, such as tractors, harvesters, dairyequipment, and irrigation systems. Exclude "Bus andTruck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists"(49-3031).Illustrative Examples: Irrigation EquipmentMechanic; Dairy Equipment Installer
49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics,Except EnginesDiagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul mobilemechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment,such as cranes, bulldozers, graders, and conveyors,used in construction, logging, and surface mining.Exclude "Rail Car Repairers" (49-3043) and "Busand Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists"(49-3031).Illustrative Examples: Construction EquipmentMechanic; Fork Lift Mechanic; Bulldozer Mechanic
49-3043 Rail Car Repairers(Subway Car Mechanic) Diagnose, adjust, repair, oroverhaul railroad rolling stock, mine cars, or masstransit rail cars. Exclude "Bus and Truck Mechanicsand Diesel Engine Specialists" (49-3031).Illustrative Examples: Streetcar Repairer; Mine CarMechanic
49-3051 Motorboat MechanicsRepair and adjust electrical and mechanicalequipment of gasoline or diesel powered inboard orinboard-outboard boat engines. Exclude "DieselEngine Specialists" (49-3031).Illustrative Example: Outboard Motor Mechanic
49-3052 Motorcycle MechanicsDiagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul motorcycles,scooters, mopeds, dirt bikes, or similar motorizedvehicles.Illustrative Examples: Motor Scooter Mechanic;Motorcycle Repairer
49-3053 Outdoor Power Equipment and OtherSmall Engine MechanicsDiagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul small enginesused to power lawn mowers, chain saws, and relatedequipment.Illustrative Examples: Chainsaw Mechanic; LawnMower Repairer; Snowmobile Mechanic
49-3091 Bicycle RepairersRepair and service bicycles.Illustrative Example: Bicycle Mechanic
49-3092 Recreational Vehicle ServiceTechniciansDiagnose, inspect, adjust, repair, or overhaulrecreational vehicles including travel trailers. Mayspecialize in maintaining gas, electrical, hydraulic,plumbing, or chassis/towing systems as well asrepairing generators, appliances, and interiorcomponents. Include workers who performcustomized van conversions. Exclude "AutomotiveService Technicians and Mechanics" (49-3023) and"Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel EngineSpecialists" (49-3031) who also work on recreationvehicles.Illustrative Example: RV Mechanic
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49-3093 Tire Repairers and Changers(Tire Balancer) Repair and replace tires.Illustrative Example: Tire Fixer
49-9011 Mechanical Door Repairers(Garage Door Mechanic) Install, service, or repairopening and closing mechanisms of automatic doorsand hydraulic door closers. Include garage doormechanics.Illustrative Example: Automatic Door Mechanic
49-9012 Control and Valve Installers andRepairers, Except Mechanical Door(Electric Meter Installer) Install, repair, andmaintain mechanical regulating and controllingdevices, such as electric meters, gas regulators,thermostats, safety and flow valves, and othermechanical governors.Illustrative Examples: Gas Meter Prover;Thermostat Repairer
49-9021 Heating, Air Conditioning, andRefrigeration Mechanics and InstallersInstall or repair heating, central air conditioning, orrefrigeration systems, including oil burners, hot-airfurnaces, and heating stoves.Illustrative Examples: Furnace Converter; GasFurnace Installer; Oil Burner Repairer
49-9031 Home Appliance RepairersRepair, adjust, or install all types of electric or gashousehold appliances, such as refrigerators, washers,dryers, and ovens.Illustrative Examples: Window Air ConditionerMechanic; Vacuum Cleaner Repairer; WashingMachine Installer
49-9041 Industrial Machinery MechanicsRepair, install, adjust, or maintain industrialproduction and processing machinery or refinery andpipeline distribution systems. Exclude "Millwrights"(49-9044), "Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics,Except Engines" (49-3042), and "MaintenanceWorkers, Machinery" (49-9043) who perform onlyroutine tasks.Illustrative Examples: Conveyor Belt Installer;Turbine Mechanic; Hydroelectric MachineryMechanic
49-9042 Maintenance and Repair Workers,General(Maintenance Mechanic) Perform work involvingthe skills of two or more maintenance or craftoccupations to keep machines, mechanicalequipment, or the structure of an establishment inrepair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; boilermaking; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry;repairing electrical or mechanical equipment;installing, aligning, and balancing new equipment;and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs. Exclude"Maintenance Workers, Machinery" (49-9043).Illustrative Examples: Building MaintenanceRepairer; Trouble Shooting Mechanic; MechanicalAdjuster
49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers andRepairersInstall or repair cables or wires used in electricalpower or distribution systems. May erect poles andlight or heavy duty transmission towers. Exclude"Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse,Substation, and Relay" (49-2095).Illustrative Examples: Pole Climber; High TensionTester; Electric Utility Wire Stretcher
49-9052 Telecommunications Line Installers andRepairersString and repair telephone and television cable,including fiber optics and other equipment fortransmitting messages or television programming.Illustrative Examples: Telecommunications CableSplicer; Telecommunications Wire Stretcher; CableTelevision Installer
49-9061 Camera and Photographic EquipmentRepairersRepair and adjust cameras and photographicequipment, including commercial video and motionpicture camera equipment.Illustrative Examples: Camera Machinist;Photographic Equipment Technician
49-9062 Medical Equipment RepairersTest, adjust, or repair biomedical or electromedicalequipment.Illustrative Examples: Biomedical EquipmentTechnician; Hearing Aid Mechanic; SurgicalInstrument Mechanic
49-9063 Musical Instrument Repairers andTunersRepair percussion, stringed, reed, or windinstruments. May specialize in one area, such aspiano tuning. Exclude "Electronic HomeEntertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers"(49-2097) who repair electrical and electronicmusical instruments.Illustrative Examples: Piano Tuner; ViolinRepairer; Tone Regulator
49-9064 Watch Repairers(Horologist) Repair, clean, and adjust mechanismsof timing instruments, such as watches and clocks.Include watchmakers.Illustrative Examples: Watch and Clock Crowner;Watchmaker
49-9069 Precision Instrument and EquipmentRepairers, All OtherAll precision instrument and equipment repairers notlisted separately.Illustrative Examples: Laboratory EquipmentInstaller; Gyro Mechanic; MeteorologicalEquipment Repairer
49-9091 Coin, Vending, and AmusementMachine Servicers and RepairersInstall, service, adjust, or repair coin, vending, oramusement machines including video games, jukeboxes, pinball machines, or slot machines.Illustrative Examples: Cigarette Machine Mechanic;Slot Machine Mechanic; Video Game Mechanic
49-9092 Commercial DiversWork below surface of water, using scuba gear toinspect, repair, remove, or install equipment andstructures. May use a variety of power and handtools, such as drills, sledgehammers, torches, andwelding equipment. May conduct tests orexperiments, rig explosives, or photograph structuresor marine life. Exclude "Fishers and Related FishingWorkers" (45-3011), "Athletes and SportsCompetitors" (27-2021), and "Police and Sheriff'sPatrol Officers" (33-3051).Illustrative Examples: Marine Diver; Scuba Diver;Skin Diver
49-9093 Fabric Menders, Except GarmentRepair tears, holes, and other defects in fabrics, suchas draperies, linens, parachutes, and tents.Illustrative Examples: Canvas Repairer; BagRepairer; Seat Mender
49-9094 Locksmiths and Safe RepairersRepair and open locks; make keys; change locks andsafe combinations; and install and repair safes.Illustrative Examples: Key Maker; Vault ServiceMechanic; Lock Expert
49-9095 Manufactured Building and MobileHome InstallersMove or install mobile homes or prefabricatedbuildings.Illustrative Examples: Mobile Home Mechanic;Housetrailer Servicer
49-9096 RiggersSet up or repair rigging for construction projects,manufacturing plants, logging yards, ships andshipyards, or for the entertainment industry.Illustrative Examples: Acrobatic Rigger; RiggingSlinger; Yard Rigger
49-9097 Signal and Track Switch RepairersInstall, inspect, test, maintain, or repair electric gatecrossings, signals, signal equipment, track switches,section lines, or intercommunications systems withina railroad system.Illustrative Examples: Signal Mechanic; SignalMaintainer; Third Rail Installer
49-9098 Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, andRepair WorkersHelp installation, maintenance, and repair workers inmaintenance, parts replacement, and repair ofvehicles, industrial machinery, and electrical andelectronic equipment. Perform duties, such asfurnishing tools, materials, and supplies to otherworkers; cleaning work area, machines, and tools;and holding materials or tools for other workers.Illustrative Examples: Mechanic's Helper; Diver'sHelper; Blacksmith's Helper
49-9099 Installation, Maintenance, and RepairWorkers, All OtherAll mechanical, installation, and repair workers andhelpers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Blacksmith; Cooper;Gunsmith
PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS
51-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofProduction and Operating WorkersSupervise and coordinate the activities of productionand operating workers, such as inspectors, precisionworkers, machine setters and operators, assemblers,fabricators, and plant and system operators. Excludeteam or work leaders.Illustrative Examples: Laundromat Manager;Station Chief; Assembly Line Supervisor
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51-2011 Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging,and Systems AssemblersAssemble, fit, fasten, and install parts of airplanes,space vehicles, or missiles, such as tails, wings,fuselage, bulkheads, stabilizers, landing gear, riggingand control equipment, or heating and ventilatingsystems.Illustrative Examples: Aircraft Riveter; FuselageFramer; Skin Installer
51-2021 Coil Winders, Tapers, and FinishersWind wire coils used in electrical components, suchas resistors and transformers, and in electricalequipment and instruments, such as field cores,bobbins, armature cores, electrical motors,generators, and control equipment.Illustrative Examples: Coil Builder; Motor Winder;Wire Coiler
51-2022 Electrical and Electronic EquipmentAssemblersAssemble or modify electrical or electronicequipment, such as computers, test equipmenttelemetering systems, electric motors, and batteries.Illustrative Examples: Anode Builder; BatteryBuilder; Industrial Equipment Wirer
51-2023 Electromechanical EquipmentAssemblersAssemble or modify electromechanical equipment ordevices, such as servomechanisms, gyros,dynamometers, magnetic drums, tape drives, brakes,control linkage, actuators, and appliances.Illustrative Examples: Appliance Assembler;Vending Machine Assembler
51-2031 Engine and Other Machine Assemblers(Motor Installer) Construct, assemble, or rebuildmachines, such as engines, turbines, and similarequipment used in such industries as construction,extraction, textiles, and paper manufacturing.Illustrative Examples: Machine Builder; TurbineAssembler
51-2041 Structural Metal Fabricators and FittersFabricate, lay out, position, align, and fit parts ofstructural metal products.Illustrative Examples: Manufacturing OrnamentalMetal Worker; Metal Box Maker; Protector PlateAttacher
51-2091 Fiberglass Laminators and FabricatorsLaminate layers of fiberglass on molds to form boatdecks and hulls, bodies for golf carts, automobiles,or other products.Illustrative Examples: Fiberglass Ski Maker;Fiberglass Boat Builder; Golf Cart Maker
51-2092 Team AssemblersWork as part of a team having responsibility forassembling an entire product or component of aproduct. Team assemblers can perform all tasksconducted by the team in the assembly process androtate through all or most of them rather than beingassigned to a specific task on a permanent basis.May participate in making management decisionsaffecting the work. Team leaders who work as partof the team should be included. Exclude assemblers(51-2011 through 51-2099) who continuouslyperform the same task.
51-2093 Timing Device Assemblers, Adjusters,and CalibratorsPerform precision assembling or adjusting, withinnarrow tolerances, of timing devices, such aswatches, clocks, or chronometers. Exclude "WatchRepairers" (49-9064).
Illustrative Examples: Chronometer Assembler;Hair Spring Truer; Escapement Matcher
51-2099 Assemblers and Fabricators, All OtherAll assemblers and fabricators not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Barrel Raiser; AutomobileAssembler, except engines; Doll Maker
51-3011 BakersMix and bake ingredients according to recipes toproduce breads, rolls, cookies, cakes, pies, pastries,or other baked goods. Include pastry chefs inrestaurants and hotels with "Chefs and Head Cooks"(35-1011).Illustrative Examples: Cake Maker; Head Baker;Pastry Finisher
51-3021 Butchers and Meat CuttersCut, trim, or prepare consumer-sized portions ofmeat for use or sale in retail establishments.Illustrative Examples: Carver; Meat DepartmentManager; Cleaver
51-3022 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters andTrimmersUse hand tools to perform routine cutting andtrimming of meat, poultry, and fish.Illustrative Examples: Calf Skinner; Eviscerator;Filleter
51-3023 Slaughterers and Meat PackersWork in slaughtering, meat packing, or wholesaleestablishments performing precision functionsinvolving the preparation of meat. Work mayinclude specialized slaughtering tasks, cuttingstandard or premium cuts of meat for marketing,making sausage, or wrapping meats. Exclude "Meat,Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers" (51-3022)who perform routine, lower-skilled meat cutting.Illustrative Examples: Hog Sticker; Shactor; BeefSplitter
51-3091 Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking,and Drying Machine Operators and TendersOperate or tend food or tobacco roasting, baking, ordrying equipment, including hearth ovens, kilndriers, roasters, char kilns, and vacuum dryingequipment.Illustrative Examples: Coffee Roaster; SmokehouseWorker; Curing Room Worker
51-3092 Food BatchmakersSet up and operate equipment that mixes or blendsingredients used in the manufacturing of foodproducts. Include candy makers and cheese makers.Illustrative Examples: Candy Maker; HoneyBlender; Peanut Butter Maker
51-3093 Food Cooking Machine Operators andTendersOperate or tend cooking equipment, such as steamcooking vats, deep fry cookers, pressure cookers,kettles, and boilers, to prepare food products.Exclude "Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, andDrying Machine Operators and Tenders" (51-3091).Illustrative Examples: Doughnut Maker; SausageCooker; Potato Chip Fryer
51-4011 Computer-Controlled Machine ToolOperators, Metal and PlasticOperate computer-controlled machines or robots toperform one or more machine functions on metal orplastic work pieces.Illustrative Examples: Numerical Control MachineOperator; Robot Operator
51-4012 Numerical Tool and Process ControlProgrammersDevelop programs to control machining orprocessing of parts by automatic machine tools,equipment, or systems.Illustrative Examples: Tool Programmer; NCProgrammer
51-4021 Extruding and Drawing MachineSetters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal andPlasticSet up, operate, or tend machines to extrude or drawthermoplastic or metal materials into tubes, rods,hoses, wire, bars, or structural shapes.Illustrative Examples: Draw Bench Operator; TubeDrawer; Wire Drawing Setter
51-4022 Forging Machine Setters, Operators,and Tenders, Metal and PlasticSet up, operate, or tend forging machines to taper,shape, or form metal or plastic parts.Illustrative Examples: Cold Header Operator;Swager Operator; Drop Hammer Operator
51-4023 Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, andTenders, Metal and PlasticSet up, operate, or tend machines to roll steel orplastic forming bends, beads, knurls, rolls, or plateor to flatten, temper, or reduce gauge of material.Illustrative Examples: Forming Roll Operator;Rolling Mill Operator; Tubing Machine Operator
51-4031 Cutting, Punching, and Press MachineSetters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal andPlasticSet up, operate, or tend machines to saw, cut, shear,slit, punch, crimp, notch, bend, or straighten metal orplastic material.Illustrative Examples: Perforator Operator;Crimping Machine Operator; Four Slide MachineSetter
51-4032 Drilling and Boring Machine ToolSetters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal andPlasticSet up, operate, or tend drilling machines to drill,bore, ream, mill, or countersink metal or plasticwork pieces.Illustrative Examples: Drill Press Operator; JewelCupping Machine Operator; Reaming PressOperator
51-4033 Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, andBuffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, andTenders, Metal and PlasticSet up, operate, or tend grinding and related toolsthat remove excess material or burrs from surfaces,sharpen edges or corners, or buff, hone, or polishmetal or plastic work pieces.Illustrative Examples: Barrel Polisher; JewelBearing Facer; Metal Filer
51-4034 Lathe and Turning Machine ToolSetters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal andPlasticSet up, operate, or tend lathe and turning machinesto turn, bore, thread, form, or face metal or plasticmaterials, such as wire, rod, or bar stock.Illustrative Examples: Gear Cutter; Screw MachineOperator; Threading Machine Setter
51-4035 Milling and Planing Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticSet up, operate, or tend milling or planing machinesto mill, plane, shape, groove, or profile metal orplastic work pieces.
51-4041 MachinistsSet up and operate a variety of machine tools toproduce precision parts and instruments. Includeprecision instrument makers who fabricate, modify,or repair mechanical instruments. May also fabricateand modify parts to make or repair machine tools ormaintain industrial machines, applying knowledge ofmechanics, shop mathematics, metal properties,layout, and machining procedures.Illustrative Examples: Electrical Instrument Maker;Machine Fitter
51-4051 Metal-Refining Furnace Operators andTenders(Smelter) Operate or tend furnaces, such as gas, oil,coal, electric-arc or electric induction, open-hearth,or oxygen furnaces, to melt and refine metal beforecasting or to produce specified types of steel.Exclude "Heat Treating Equipment Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic" (51-4191).Illustrative Examples: Blast Furnace Blower;Bessemer Regulator
51-4052 Pourers and Casters, MetalOperate hand-controlled mechanisms to pour andregulate the flow of molten metal into molds toproduce castings or ingots.Illustrative Examples: Ingot Header; LadleOperator; Steel Pourer
51-4061 Model Makers, Metal and Plastic(Template Maker) Set up and operate machines,such as lathes, milling and engraving machines, andjig borers to make working models of metal orplastic objects. Include template makers.Illustrative Examples: Jig and Fixture Builder;Mandrel Maker; Mock Up Maker
51-4062 Patternmakers, Metal and PlasticLay out, machine, fit, and assemble castings andparts to metal or plastic foundry patterns, core boxes,or match plates.Illustrative Examples: Pattern Fitter; Stencil Cutter
51-4071 Foundry Mold and CoremakersMake or form wax or sand cores or molds used inthe production of metal castings in foundries.Illustrative Examples: Core Setter; Mold Closer;Dry Sand Molder
51-4072 Molding, Coremaking, and CastingMachine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metaland PlasticSet up, operate, or tend metal or plastic molding,casting, or coremaking machines to mold or castmetal or thermoplastic parts or products.Illustrative Examples: Centrifugal Casting MachineOperator; Injection Molding Machine Setter; CoreMounter
51-4081 Multiple Machine Tool Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticSet up, operate, or tend more than one type ofcutting or forming machine tool or robot.Illustrative Examples: Machine Tool Operator;Combination Machine Tool Setter; Metal andPlastic Transfer Machine Operator
51-4111 Tool and Die MakersAnalyze specifications, lay out metal stock, set upand operate machine tools, and fit and assembleparts to make and repair dies, cutting tools, jigs,fixtures, gauges, and machinists' hand tools.
Illustrative Examples: Die Sinker; Die Finisher;Sawsmith
51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, andBrazersUse hand-welding, flame-cutting, hand soldering, orbrazing equipment to weld or join metal componentsor to fill holes, indentations, or seams of fabricatedmetal products.Illustrative Examples: Acetylene Burner; ArcWelder; Blow Torch Operator
51-4122 Welding, Soldering, and BrazingMachine Setters, Operators, and Tenders(Laser Cutter Machine Operator) Set up, operate, ortend welding, soldering, or brazing machines orrobots that weld, braze, solder, or heat treat metalproducts, components, or assemblies. Includeworkers who operate laser cutters or laser-beammachines.Illustrative Examples: Electron Beam Welder Setter;Laser-Beam Machine Operator; Ultrasonic WeldingMachine Operator
51-4191 Heat Treating Equipment Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticSet up, operate, or tend heating equipment, such asheat-treating furnaces, flame-hardening machines,induction machines, soaking pits, or vacuumequipment to temper, harden, anneal, or heat-treatmetal or plastic objects.Illustrative Examples: Metal & Plastic Annealer;Metal & Plastic Temperer; Induction Machine Setter
51-4192 Lay-Out Workers, Metal and Plastic(Pattern Setter) Lay out reference points anddimensions on metal or plastic stock or workpieces,such as sheets, plates, tubes, structural shapes,castings, or machine parts, for further processing.Include shipfitters.Illustrative Example: Location and MeasurementTechnician
51-4193 Plating and Coating Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticSet up, operate, or tend plating or coating machinesto coat metal or plastic products with chromium,zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, or other metal toprotect or decorate surfaces. Include electrolyticprocesses.Illustrative Examples: Anodizer; Electroplater;Galvanizer
51-4194 Tool Grinders, Filers, and SharpenersPerform precision smoothing, sharpening, polishing,or grinding of metal objects.Illustrative Examples: Die Polisher; PrecisionHoner; Tool Maintenance Worker
51-4199 Metal Workers and Plastic Workers, AllOtherAll metalworkers and plastic workers not listedseparately.Illustrative Examples: Balancing Machine Operator;Film Casting Operator; Nail Making Machine Setter
51-5011 Bindery Workers(Hand Bindery Worker) Set up or operate bindingmachines that produce books and other printedmaterials. Include hand bindery workers. Exclude"Bookbinders" (51-5012).Illustrative Examples: Book Coverer; StitchingMachine Operator; Bookbinding Machine Operator51-5012 BookbindersPerform highly skilled hand finishing operations,such as grooving and lettering to bind books.Illustrative Examples: Book Finisher; Book Mender
51-5021 Job PrintersSet type according to copy; operate press to print joborder; and read proof for errors and clarity ofimpression, and correct imperfections. Job printersare often found in small establishments where workcombines several job skills.Illustrative Examples: Job Press Operator;Apprentice Job Printer
51-5022 Prepress Technicians and Workers(Compositor, Lithographer) Set up and preparematerial for printing presses. Include prepressfunctions, such as compositing, typesetting, layout,paste-up, camera operating, scanning, film stripping,and photoengraving.Illustrative Example: Photoengraving Etcher
51-5023 Printing Machine Operators(Silk Screen Printer, Embosser) Set up or operatevarious types of printing machines, such as offset,letterset, intaglio, or gravure presses or screenprinters to produce print on paper or other materials.Illustrative Examples: Bag Printer; Offset PressOperator; Lithoplate Maker
51-6011 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning WorkersOperate or tend washing or dry-cleaning machines towash or dry-clean industrial or household articles,such as cloth garments, suede, leather, furs, blankets,draperies, fine linens, rugs, and carpets. Includespotters and dyers of these articles.Illustrative Examples: Laundry Carpet Cleaner; SilkSpotter; Washing Machine Operator
51-6021 Pressers, Textile, Garment, and RelatedMaterialsPress or shape articles by hand or machine.Illustrative Examples: Clothes Ironer; GarmentSteamer; Steam Operator
51-6031 Sewing Machine OperatorsOperate or tend sewing machines to join, reinforce,decorate, or perform related sewing operations in themanufacture of garment or nongarment products.Illustrative Examples: Blind Stitch MachineOperator; Loop Tacker; Hemmer
51-6041 Shoe and Leather Workers andRepairersConstruct, decorate, or repair leather and leather-likeproducts, such as luggage, shoes, and saddles.Illustrative Examples: Upper Cutter; Cobbler;Saddle Maker
51-6042 Shoe Machine Operators and TendersOperate or tend a variety of machines to join,decorate, reinforce, or finish shoes and shoe parts.Illustrative Examples: Counter Maker; LastingMachine Operator; Shoe Archer
51-6051 Sewers, Hand(Hand Weaver) Sew, join, reinforce, or finish,usually with needle and thread, a variety ofmanufactured items. Include weavers and stitchers.Exclude "Fabric Menders, Except Garment" (49-9093).Illustrative Examples: Hand Stitcher; HosieryMender
51-6052 Tailors, Dressmakers, and CustomSewersDesign, make, alter, repair, or fit garments.Illustrative Examples: Coat Maker; Hand Finisher,Except Toys Shop Tailor
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51-6061 Textile Bleaching and Dyeing MachineOperators and TendersOperate or tend machines to bleach, shrink, wash,dye, or finish textiles or synthetic or glass fibers.Illustrative Examples: Bleach Range Operator; RugDyer; Skein Yarn Dyer
51-6062 Textile Cutting Machine Setters,Operators, and TendersSet up, operate, or tend machines that cut textiles.Illustrative Examples: Canvas Cutter; RagShredder; Welt Trimming Machine Operator
51-6063 Textile Knitting and Weaving MachineSetters, Operators, and Tenders(Loom Changer) Set up, operate, or tend machinesthat knit, loop, weave, or draw in textiles. Exclude"Sewing Machine Operators" (51-6031).Illustrative Examples: Crochet Machine Operator;Ribbing Machine Operator; Looping MachineOperator
51-6064 Textile Winding, Twisting, and DrawingOut Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders(Slubber Machine Operator) Set up, operate, or tendmachines that wind or twist textiles; or draw out andcombine sliver, such as wool, hemp, or syntheticfibers. Include slubber machine and drawing frameoperators.Illustrative Examples: Beamer Operator; BobbinDoffer; Frame Tender
51-6091 Extruding and Forming MachineSetters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic andGlass FibersSet up, operate, or tend machines that extrude andform continuous filaments from synthetic materials,such as liquid polymer, rayon, and fiberglass.Illustrative Examples: Fiber Machine Tender; BoxSpinner; Synthetic Filament Spinner
51-6092 Fabric and Apparel PatternmakersDraw and construct sets of precision master fabricpatterns or layouts. May also mark and cut fabricsand apparel.Illustrative Examples: Pattern Grader; ShoePatternmaker
51-6093 UpholsterersMake, repair, or replace upholstery for householdfurniture or transportation vehicles.Illustrative Examples: Car Seat Maker; CasketCoverer; Auto Top Mechanic
51-6099 Textile, Apparel, and FurnishingsWorkers, All OtherAll textile, apparel, and furnishings workers notlisted separately.Illustrative Examples: Napper; Carding MachineOperator; Mercerizer
51-7011 Cabinetmakers and Bench CarpentersCut, shape, and assemble wooden articles or set upand operate a variety of woodworking machines,such as power saws, jointers, and mortisers tosurface, cut, or shape lumber or to fabricate parts forwood products. Exclude "Woodworking MachineSetters, Operators, and Tenders" (51-7041 through51-7042) who specialize in one or a limited numberof machine phases.Illustrative Examples: Marquetry Worker; AntiqueFurniture Repairer; Wood Machinist
51-7021 Furniture FinishersShape, finish, and refinish damaged, worn, or usedfurniture or new high-grade furniture to specifiedcolor or finish.
51-7031 Model Makers, Wood(Jig Builder) Construct full-size and scale woodenprecision models of products. Include wood jigbuilders and loft workers.Illustrative Examples: Wood Jig Builder; LoftWorker
51-7032 Patternmakers, WoodPlan, lay out, and construct wooden unit or sectionalpatterns used in forming sand molds for castings.Illustrative Examples: Experimental WoodMechanic; Wood Die Maker
51-7041 Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, andTenders, Wood(Head Sawyer) Set up, operate, or tend woodsawing machines. Include head sawyers.Illustrative Examples: Crozer Operator; Sawyer;Wood Cutter
51-7042 Woodworking Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Except SawingSet up, operate, or tend woodworking machines,such as drill presses, lathes, shapers, routers,sanders, planers, and wood nailing machines.Illustrative Examples: Frazer; Molding Sander
51-7099 Woodworkers, All OtherAll woodworkers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Wood Carver; Pole Framer;Veneer Taper
51-8012 Power Distributors and DispatchersCoordinate, regulate, or distribute electricity orsteam.Illustrative Examples: Feeder SwitchboardOperator; Electric and Gas Load Dispatcher;Substation Operator
51-8013 Power Plant Operators(Auxiliary Equipment Tender) Control, operate, ormaintain machinery to generate electric power.Include auxiliary equipment operators. Exclude"Nuclear Power Reactor Operators" (51-8011).Illustrative Examples: Hydroelectric Operator;Generator Operator; Power House Operator
51-8021 Stationary Engineers and BoilerOperatorsOperate or maintain stationary engines, boilers, orother mechanical equipment to provide utilities forbuildings or industrial processes. Operateequipment, such as steam engines, generators,motors, turbines, and steam boilers.Illustrative Examples: Cooling System Operator;Low Pressure Firer; Steam Engineer
51-8031 Water and Liquid Waste TreatmentPlant and System OperatorsOperate or control an entire process or system ofmachines, often through the use of control boards, totransfer or treat water or liquid waste.Illustrative Examples: Disposal Operator; FiltrationPlant Operator; Sewage Plant Operator
51-8091 Chemical Plant and System OperatorsControl or operate an entire chemical process orsystem of machines.Illustrative Examples: Denitrator; NitrogenOperator; Wash Operator
51-8092 Gas Plant Operators(Liquefaction Plant Operator) Distribute or processgas for utility companies and others by controllingcompressors to maintain specified pressures on mainpipelines.Illustrative Example: Pressure Dispatcher
51-8093 Petroleum Pump System Operators,Refinery Operators, and GaugersControl the operation of petroleum refining orprocessing units. May specialize in controllingmanifold and pumping systems, gauging or testingoil in storage tanks, or regulating the flow of oil intopipelines.Illustrative Examples: Absorption Plant Operator;Gasoline Plant Operator; Oil Refiner
51-8099 Plant and System Operators, All OtherAll plant and system operators not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Asphalt Plant Operator; LimeFilter Operator; Incinerator Operator
51-9011 Chemical Equipment Operators andTenders(Acid Purifier) Operate or tend equipment to controlchemical changes or reactions in the processing ofindustrial or consumer products. Equipment usedincludes devulcanizers, steam-jacketed kettles, andreactor vessels. Exclude "Chemical Plant andSystem Operators" (51-8091).Illustrative Examples: Acetylene Plant Operator;Caustic Purification Operator
51-9012 Separating, Filtering, Clarifying,Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders(Brewmaster) Set up, operate, or tend continuousflow or vat-type equipment; filter presses; shakerscreens; centrifuges; condenser tubes; precipitating,fermenting, or evaporating tanks; scrubbing towers;or batch stills. These machines extract, sort, orseparate liquids, gases, or solids from other materialsto recover a refined product. Include dairyprocessing equipment operators. Exclude "ChemicalEquipment Operators and Tenders" (51-9011).Illustrative Examples: Dairy Processing EquipmentOperator; Distiller
51-9021 Crushing, Grinding, and PolishingMachine Setters, Operators, and Tenders(Sand Blast Operator) Set up, operate, or tendmachines to crush, grind, or polish materials, such ascoal, glass, grain, stone, food, or rubber.Illustrative Examples: Beveling and Edging MachineOperator; Pulverizer Operator
51-9022 Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand(Glass Finisher, Chipper) Grind, sand, or polish,using hand tools or hand-held power tools, a varietyof metal, wood, stone, clay, plastic, or glass objects.Include chippers, buffers, and finishers.Illustrative Examples: Metal Sander; Gun BarrelFinisher; Hand Buffer
51-9023 Mixing and Blending Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders(Grain Mixer) Set up, operate, or tend machines tomix or blend materials, such as chemicals, tobacco,liquids, color pigments, or explosive ingredients.Exclude "Food Batchmakers" (51-3092).Illustrative Examples: Batch Maker; Clay Mixer;Tumbler Tender
51-9031 Cutters and Trimmers, HandUse hand tools or hand-held power tools to cut andtrim a variety of manufactured items, such as carpet,fabric, stone, glass, or rubber.
51-9032 Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders(Shear Operator) Set up, operate, or tend machinesthat cut or slice materials, such as glass, stone, cork,rubber, tobacco, food, paper, or insulating material.Exclude "Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators,and Tenders" (51-7041 through 51-7042), "Cutting,Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, andTenders, Metal and Plastic" (51-4031), and "TextileCutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders"(51-6062).Illustrative Examples: Bias Machine Operator; SlateTrimmer
51-9041 Extruding, Forming, Pressing, andCompacting Machine Setters, Operators, andTenders(Brick or Block Maker) Set up, operate, or tendmachines, such as glass forming machines, ploddermachines, and tuber machines, to shape and formproducts, such as glassware, food, rubber, soap,brick, tile, clay, wax, tobacco, or cosmetics. Exclude"Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, andTenders" (51-9196) and "Shoe Machine Operatorsand Tenders" (51-6042).Illustrative Examples: Briquette Maker; CigaretteMachine Operator; Rubber Laminating MachineOperator
51-9051 Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and KettleOperators and TendersOperate or tend heating equipment other than basicmetal, plastic, or food processing equipment. Includeactivities, such as annealing glass, drying lumber,curing rubber, removing moisture from materials, orboiling soap.Illustrative Examples: Brick Baker; Stoker; TunnelKiln Operator
51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers,and Weighers(Quality Checker) Inspect, test, sort, sample, orweigh nonagricultural raw materials or processed,machined, fabricated, or assembled parts or productsfor defects, wear, and deviations from specifications.May use precision measuring instruments andcomplex test equipment.Illustrative Examples: Bearing Inspector; Testingand Regulating Technician
51-9071 Jewelers and Precious Stone and MetalWorkers(Gemologist) Design, fabricate, adjust, repair, orappraise jewelry, gold, silver, other precious metals,or gems. Include diamond polishers and gem cuttersand persons who perform precision casting andmodeling of molds, casting metal in molds, orsetting precious and semi-precious stones for jewelryand related products.Illustrative Examples: Diamond Expert; Goldsmith
51-9081 Dental Laboratory Technicians(Orthodontic Technician) Construct and repair fullor partial dentures or dental appliances. Exclude"Dental Assistants" (31-9091).Illustrative Examples: Ceramist; Crown and BridgeTechnician51-9082 Medical Appliance Technicians(Orthotics Technician) Construct, fit, maintain, orrepair medical supportive devices, such as braces,artificial limbs, joints, arch supports, and othersurgical and medical appliances.Illustrative Examples: Brace Maker; ProstheticsTechnician
51-9083 Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians(Lens Grinder) Cut, grind, and polish eyeglasses,contact lenses, or other precision optical elements.Assemble and mount lenses into frames or processother optical elements. Include precision lenspolishers or grinders, centerer-edgers, and lensmounters. Exclude "Opticians, Dispensing" (29-2081).Illustrative Examples: Eyeglass Maker; SpectacleTruer
51-9111 Packaging and Filling MachineOperators and Tenders(Cannery Worker, Bottler) Operate or tendmachines to prepare industrial or consumer productsfor storage or shipment. Include cannery workerswho pack food products.Illustrative Examples: Bottle Caser; Wrapper Layer;Strapping Machine Operator
51-9121 Coating, Painting, and SprayingMachine Setters, Operators, and TendersSet up, operate, or tend machines to coat or paint anyof a wide variety of products including food,glassware, cloth, ceramics, metal, plastic, paper, orwood, with lacquer, silver, copper, rubber, varnish,glaze, enamel, oil, or rust-proofing materials.Exclude "Plating and Coating Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic" (51-4193) and "Painters, Transportation Equipment" (51-9122).Illustrative Examples: Electrostatic Paint Operator;Silvering Applicator; Supercalender Operator
51-9122 Painters, Transportation EquipmentOperate or tend painting machines to paint surfacesof transportation equipment, such as automobiles,buses, trucks, trains, boats, and airplanes. Includepainters in auto body repair facilities.Illustrative Examples: Auto Painter; Rust Proofer
51-9123 Painting, Coating, and DecoratingWorkersPaint, coat, or decorate articles, such as furniture,glass, plateware, pottery, jewelry, cakes, toys, books,or leather. Exclude "Artists and Related Workers"(27-1011 through 27-1019), "Designers" (27-1021through 27-1029), "Photographic Process Workers"(51-9131), and "Etchers and Engravers" (51-9194).Illustrative Examples: Stenciler; Candy Dipper;Mirror Silverer
51-9131 Photographic Process Workers(Photo Finisher) Perform precision work involvedin photographic processing, such as editingphotographic negatives and prints, using photo-mechanical, chemical, or computerized methods.Illustrative Examples: Photographic Colorist;Darkroom Technician
51-9132 Photographic Processing MachineOperators(Film Processor) Operate photographic processingmachines, such as photographic printing machines,film developing machines, and mounting presses.Illustrative Examples: Film Printer; ReproductionMachine Loader
51-9141 Semiconductor ProcessorsPerform any or all of the following functions in themanufacture of electronic semiconductors: loadsemiconductor material into furnace; saw formedingots into segments; load individual segment intocrystal growing chamber and monitor controls;locate crystal axis in ingot using x-ray equipmentand saw ingots into wafers; clean, polish, and loadwafers into series of special purpose furnaces,
chemical baths, and equipment used to formcircuitry and change conductive properties.Illustrative Examples: Circuit Recorder; CrystalGrower; Wafer Machine Operator
51-9191 Cementing and Gluing MachineOperators and Tenders(Taping Machine Operator) Operate or tendcementing and gluing machines to join items forfurther processing or to form a completed product.Processes include joining veneer sheets intoplywood; gluing paper; joining rubber andrubberized fabric parts, plastic, simulated leather, orother materials. Exclude "Shoe Machine Operatorsand Tenders" (51-6042).Illustrative Examples: Bonding Molder; PaperSealer; Taper Operator
51-9192 Cleaning, Washing, and Metal PicklingEquipment Operators and Tenders(Fruit Washer) Operate or tend machines to wash orclean products, such as barrels or kegs, glass items,tin plate, food, pulp, coal, plastic, or rubber, toremove impurities.Illustrative Examples: Acid Dipper; DegreaserOperator; Pulp Bleacher
51-9193 Cooling and Freezing EquipmentOperators and Tenders(Chiller Tender) Operate or tend equipment, such ascooling and freezing units, refrigerators, batchfreezers, and freezing tunnels, to cool or freezeproducts, food, blood plasma, and chemicals.Illustrative Examples: Ice Maker; RefrigeratingMachine Operator
51-9194 Etchers and Engravers(Silk Screen Etcher) Engrave or etch metal, wood,rubber, or other materials for identification ordecorative purposes. Include such workers as etcher-circuit processors, pantograph engravers, and silkscreen etchers. Include photoengravers with"Prepress Technicians and Workers" (51-5022).Illustrative Examples: Embosser; Letterer;Siderographer
51-9195 Molders, Shapers, and Casters, ExceptMetal and PlasticMold, shape, form, cast, or carve products such asfood products, figurines, tile, pipes, and candlesconsisting of clay, glass, plaster, concrete, stone, orcombinations of materials.Illustrative Examples: Cigar Roller; Glass Blower;Marble Finisher
51-9196 Paper Goods Machine Setters,Operators, and TendersSet up, operate, or tend paper goods machines thatperform a variety of functions, such as converting,sawing, corrugating, banding, wrapping, boxing,stitching, forming, or sealing paper or paperboardsheets into products.Illustrative Examples: Bag Machine Operator; BoxFabricator; Carton Forming Machine Operator
51-9198 Helpers--Production WorkersHelp production workers by performing duties oflesser skill. Duties include supplying or holdingmaterials or tools, and cleaning work area andequipment. Exclude apprentice workers and reportthem with the appropriate production occupation(51-1011 through 51-9199).
51-9199 Production Workers, All OtherAll production workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Barrel Header; Mop Maker
TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIALMOVING OCCUPATIONS
53-1011 Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors(Loadmaster) Direct ground crew in the loading,unloading, securing, and staging of aircraft cargo orbaggage. Determine the quantity and orientation ofcargo and compute aircraft center of gravity. Mayaccompany aircraft as member of flight crew andmonitor and handle cargo in flight, and assist andbrief passengers on safety and emergencyprocedures. Include loadmasters.Illustrative Examples: Ramp Boss; Ground CrewSupervisor
53-1021 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofHelpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, HandSupervise and coordinate the activities of helpers,laborers, or material movers.Illustrative Examples: Cargo Supervisor; YardSupervisor; Warehouse Supervisor
53-1031 First-Line Supervisors/Managers ofTransportation and Material-Moving Machineand Vehicle OperatorsDirectly supervise and coordinate activities oftransportation and material-moving machine andvehicle operators and helpers.Illustrative Examples: Dockmaster; Gas StationManager; Roadmaster
53-2011 Airline Pilots, Copilots, and FlightEngineersPilot and navigate the flight of multi-engine aircraftin regularly scheduled service for the transport ofpassengers and cargo. Requires Federal AirTransport rating and certification in specific aircrafttype used. Include aircraft instructors with similarcertification.Illustrative Examples: Airline Captain; FirstOfficer; Flight Navigator
53-2012 Commercial Pilots(Helicopter Pilot, Crop Duster) Pilot and navigatethe flight of small fixed or rotary winged aircraft,primarily for the transport of cargo and passengers.Requires Commercial Rating. Include aircraftinstructors with similar certification.Illustrative Example: Test Pilot
53-2021 Air Traffic ControllersControl air traffic on and within vicinity of airportand movement of air traffic between altitude sectorsand control centers according to establishedprocedures and policies. Authorize, regulate, andcontrol commercial airline flights according togovernment or company regulations to expedite andensure flight safety.Illustrative Examples: Control Tower Operator;Flight Control Specialist; Flight Dispatcher
53-2022 Airfield Operations SpecialistsEnsure the safe takeoff and landing of commercialand military aircraft. Duties include coordinationbetween air-traffic control and maintenancepersonnel; dispatching; using airfield landing andnavigational aids; implementing airfield safetyprocedures; monitoring and maintaining flightrecords; and applying knowledge of weatherinformation.
53-3011 Ambulance Drivers and Attendants,Except Emergency Medical TechniciansDrive ambulance or assist ambulance driver intransporting sick, injured, or convalescent persons.Assist in lifting patients.Illustrative Example: Patient Carrier
53-3021 Bus Drivers, Transit and IntercityDrive bus or motor coach, including regular routeoperations, charters, and private carriage. May assistpassengers with baggage. May collect fares ortickets.Illustrative Examples: Motor Coach Operator;Jitney Driver
53-3022 Bus Drivers, SchoolTransport students or special clients, such as theelderly or persons with disabilities. Ensureadherence to safety rules. May assist passengers inboarding or exiting.
53-3031 Driver/Sales WorkersDrive truck or other vehicle over established routesor within an established territory and sell goods,such as food products, including restaurant take-outitems, or pick up and deliver items, such as laundry.May also take orders and collect payments. Includenewspaper delivery drivers. Exclude "Truck Drivers,Light or Delivery Services" (53-3033) and "Coin,Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers andRepairers" (49-9091).Illustrative Examples: Bakery Delivery Person; MilkDelivery Person; Bread Distributor
53-3032 Truck Drivers, Heavy and Tractor-TrailerDrive a tractor-trailer combination or a truck with acapacity of at least 26,000 GVW, to transport anddeliver goods, livestock, or materials in liquid, loose,or packaged form. May be required to unload truck.May require use of automated routing equipment.Requires commercial drivers' license.Illustrative Examples: Auto Carrier Driver; CementTruck Driver; Moving Van Driver
53-3033 Truck Drivers, Light or DeliveryServicesDrive a truck or van with a capacity of under 26,000GVW, primarily to deliver or pick up merchandiseor to deliver packages within a specified area. Mayrequire use of automatic routing or locationsoftware. May load and unload truck. Exclude"Couriers and Messengers" (43-5021).Illustrative Example: Parcel Post Truck Driver
53-3041 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs(Courtesy Van Driver, Hearse Driver) Driveautomobiles, vans, or limousines to transportpassengers. May occasionally carry cargo. Includehearse drivers. Exclude "Ambulance Drivers andAttendants, Except Emergency MedicalTechnicians" (53-3011) and "Bus Drivers" (53-3021through 53-3022).Illustrative Examples: Cab Driver; LimousineDriver
53-3099 Motor Vehicle Operators, All OtherAll motor vehicle operators not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Motorcycle Delivery Driver;Assembly Line Driver; Street Cleaning EquipmentOperator
53-4011 Locomotive EngineersDrive electric, diesel-electric, steam, or gas-turbine-electric locomotives to transport passengers or
freight. Interpret train orders, electronic or manualsignals, and railroad rules and regulations.Illustrative Examples: Diesel Engineer; NarrowGauge Operator; Rail Car Operator
53-4012 Locomotive FirersMonitor locomotive instruments and watch fordragging equipment, obstacles on rights-of-way, andtrain signals during run. Watch for and relay trafficsignals from yard workers to yard engineer inrailroad yard.Illustrative Examples: Assistant Engineer; RailroadFirer
53-4013 Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators,and HostlersDrive switching or other locomotive or dinkeyengines within railroad yard, industrial plant, quarry,construction project, or similar location.Illustrative Examples: Car Mover; Larry CarOperator; Coal Tram Driver
53-4021 Railroad Brake, Signal, and SwitchOperatorsOperate railroad track switches. Couple or uncouplerolling stock to make up or break up trains. Signalengineers by hand or flagging. May inspectcouplings, air hoses, journal boxes, and hand brakes.Illustrative Examples: Car Hopper; Coupler; SwitchTender
53-4031 Railroad Conductors and YardmastersConductors coordinate activities of train crew onpassenger or freight train. Coordinate activities ofswitch-engine crew within yard of railroad,industrial plant, or similar location. Yardmasterscoordinate activities of workers engaged in railroadtraffic operations, such as the makeup or breakup oftrains, yard switching, and review train schedulesand switching orders.Illustrative Examples: Car Dispatcher; Roadmaster;Yard Pilot
53-4041 Subway and Streetcar OperatorsOperate subway or elevated suburban train with noseparate locomotive, or electric-powered streetcar totransport passengers. May handle fares.Illustrative Examples: Monorail Operator; TramOperator; Trolley Operator
53-4099 Rail Transportation Workers, All OtherAll rail transportation workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Car Retarder Operator;Ballast Regulator Operator
53-5011 Sailors and Marine Oilers(Able Seaman, Ordinary Seaman) Stand watch tolook for obstructions in path of vessel, measurewater depth, turn wheel on bridge, or use emergencyequipment as directed by captain, mate, or pilot.Break out, rig, overhaul, and store cargo-handlinggear, stationary rigging, and running gear. Perform avariety of maintenance tasks to preserve the paintedsurface of the ship and to maintain line and shipequipment. Must hold government-issuedcertification and tankerman certification whenworking aboard liquid-carrying vessels. Include ableseamen and ordinary seamen.Illustrative Example: Deckhand
53-5021 Captains, Mates, and Pilots of WaterVesselsCommand or supervise operations of ships and watervessels, such as tugboats and ferryboats, that travelinto and out of harbors, estuaries, straits, and soundsand on rivers, lakes, bays, and oceans. Required tohold license issued by U.S. Coast Guard. Exclude"Motorboat Operators" (53-5022).
53-5022 Motorboat Operators(Launch Operator) Operate small motor-drivenboats to carry passengers and freight between ships,or ship to shore. May patrol harbors and beach areas.May assist in navigational activities.Illustrative Example: Speedboat Operator
53-5031 Ship Engineers(Marine Engine Mechanic) Supervise andcoordinate activities of crew engaged in operatingand maintaining engines, boilers, deck machinery,and electrical, sanitary, and refrigeration equipmentaboard ship.Illustrative Example: Deck Engineer
53-6011 Bridge and Lock TendersOperate and tend bridges, canal locks, andlighthouses to permit marine passage on inlandwaterways, near shores, and at danger points inwaterway passages. May supervise such operations.Include drawbridge operators, lock tenders andoperators, and slip bridge operators.Illustrative Examples: Drawbridge Operator;Lighthouse Keeper; Lock Master
53-6021 Parking Lot Attendants(Valet Parker) Park automobiles or issue tickets forcustomers in a parking lot or garage. May collectfee.Illustrative Examples: Car Hop; Car Runner
53-6031 Service Station AttendantsService automobiles, buses, trucks, boats, and otherautomotive or marine vehicles with fuel, lubricants,and accessories. Collect payment for services andsupplies. May lubricate vehicle, change motor oil,install antifreeze, or replace lights or otheraccessories, such as windshield wiper blades or fanbelts. May repair or replace tires.Illustrative Examples: Filling Station Attendant; Gasand Oil Servicer; Pump Attendant
53-6041 Traffic TechniciansConduct field studies to determine traffic volume,speed, effectiveness of signals, adequacy of lighting,and other factors influencing traffic conditions,under direction of traffic engineer.Illustrative Example: Traffic Analyst
53-6051 Transportation InspectorsInspect equipment or goods in connection with thesafe transport of cargo or people. Include railtransport inspectors, such as freight inspectors, carinspectors, rail inspectors, and other nonprecisioninspectors of other types of transportation vehicles.Illustrative Examples: Airplane Inspector; MotorVehicle Examiner; Safety Agent
53-6099 Transportation Workers, All OtherAll transportation workers not listed separately.Illustrative Example: Rickshaw Driver
53-7011 Conveyor Operators and TendersControl or tend conveyors or conveyor systems thatmove materials or products to and from stockpiles,processing stations, departments, or vehicles. Maycontrol speed and routing of materials or products.Illustrative Examples: Belt Tender; Grain ElevatorOperator
53-7021 Crane and Tower Operators(Cherry Picker Operator) Operate mechanical boomand cable or tower and cable equipment to lift andmove materials, machines, or products in many
directions. Exclude "Excavating and LoadingMachine and Dragline Operators" (53-7032).Illustrative Examples: Boomswing Operator; ScrapDrop Operator
53-7031 Dredge OperatorsOperate dredge to remove sand, gravel, or othermaterials from lakes, rivers, or streams; and toexcavate and maintain navigable channels inwaterways.Illustrative Example: Dredger
53-7032 Excavating and Loading Machine andDragline OperatorsOperate or tend machinery equipped with scoops,shovels, or buckets, to excavate and load loosematerials. Exclude "Dredge Operators" (53-7031).Illustrative Examples: Back Hoe Operator;Payloader Operator; Shovel Operator
53-7033 Loading Machine Operators,Underground MiningOperate underground loading machine to load coal,ore, or rock into shuttle or mine car or ontoconveyors. Loading equipment may include powershovels, hoisting engines equipped with cable-drawnscraper or scoop, or machines equipped withgathering arms and conveyor.Illustrative Example: Coke Loader
53-7041 Hoist and Winch Operators(Hydraulic Boom Operator) Operate or tend hoistsor winches to lift and pull loads using power-operated cable equipment. Exclude "Crane andTower Operators" (53-7021).Illustrative Examples: Derrick Operator; WellPuller
53-7051 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators(Fork Lift Driver) Operate industrial trucks ortractors equipped to move materials around awarehouse, storage yard, factory, construction site,or similar location. Exclude "Logging EquipmentOperators" (45-4022).Illustrative Examples: Skidder Operator; StackerOperator
53-7061 Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment(Detailer) Wash or otherwise clean vehicles,machinery, and other equipment. Use such materialsas water, cleaning agents, brushes, cloths, and hoses.Exclude "Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids andHousekeeping Cleaners" (37-2011).Illustrative Examples: Barrel Washer; AutoDetailer; Machine Cleaner
53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, andMaterial Movers, HandManually move freight, stock, or other materials orperform other unskilled general labor. Include allunskilled manual laborers not elsewhere classified.Exclude "Material Moving Workers" (53-7011through 53-7199) who use power equipment.Exclude "Construction Laborers" (47-2061) and"Construction Trades Helpers" (47-3011 through 47-3019).Illustrative Examples: Cargo Handler; Stevedore;Truck Loader and Unloader
53-7063 Machine Feeders and OffbearersFeed materials into or remove materials frommachines or equipment that is automatic or tendedby other workers.Illustrative Examples: Hopper Filler; BoardCatcher; Doffer
53-7064 Packers and Packagers, Hand(Gift Wrapper, Bagger) Pack or package by hand awide variety of products and materials.Illustrative Example: Boxer
53-7071 Gas Compressor and Gas PumpingStation Operators(Gas Transfer Operator) Operate steam, gas, electricmotor, or internal combustion engine drivencompressors. Transmit, compress, or recover gases,such as butane, nitrogen, hydrogen, and natural gas.Illustrative Example: Gas Booster Engineer
53-7072 Pump Operators, Except WellheadPumpersTend, control, or operate power-driven, stationary,or portable pumps and manifold systems to transfergases, oil, other liquids, slurries, or powderedmaterials to and from various vessels and processes.Illustrative Examples: Brewery Pumper; Main-LineStation Engineer; Oil Pumper
53-7073 Wellhead PumpersOperate power pumps and auxiliary equipment toproduce flow of oil or gas from wells in oil field.Illustrative Example: Oil Well Service Operator
53-7081 Refuse and Recyclable MaterialCollectors(Trash Collector) Collect and dump refuse orrecyclable materials from containers into truck. Maydrive truck.Illustrative Examples: Garbage Collector; ScrapMetal Collector
53-7111 Shuttle Car OperatorsOperate diesel or electric-powered shuttle car inunderground mine to transport materials fromworking face to mine cars or conveyor.Illustrative Examples: Car Dumper; Cart Driver;Shuttle Buggy Operator
53-7121 Tank Car, Truck, and Ship LoadersLoad and unload chemicals and bulk solids, such ascoal, sand, and grain into or from tank cars, trucks,or ships using material moving equipment. Mayperform a variety of other tasks relating to shipmentof products. May gauge or sample shipping tanksand test them for leaks.Illustrative Examples: Coal Dumping EquipmentOperator; Loader Operator; Spout Tender
53-7199 Material Moving Workers, All OtherAll material moving workers not listed separately.Illustrative Examples: Elevator Operator; HandTrucker; Longshore Equipment Operator
