Legalism• Utilitarian political philosophy that

does not serve the scientific function of religion or the ethnic function of religion

• What does that mean?

法家

Bingo

• According to Han Feizi what is the nature of man?

a. Lazinessb. Evilc. Good d. Humor

Legalism - Founder• Hanfeizi –“Nature of man is evil. His

goodness is acquired.”

法家

Legalism(text, ultimate goal, how to achieve ultimate goal)• Hanfeizi (Book)– To achieve order pass strict laws and

impose harsh punishments– POWER is revered – strength is a

leader’s greatest virtue• Popular among feudal lords and the

Qin dynasty, whom many believe fell from power because of their cruel behavior

法家

Bingo

• Which of the following is a function of religion?– Scientific– Military– Ethnic– All of the Above

Bingo

• The function of religion to foster group unity and to strengthen the group bonds is– Moral– Emotional– Ethnic– Psychological

Bingo

• According to Hinduism, what is the ultimate goal of existence?– The become a priest– To achieve union with Brahman– To be reincarnated– To obey one’s dharma

Legalism Affects Life• Sacrifice Personal freedom good of

state• Fearful of rulers weakness of Qin

Bingo

• In Hindu society, the purpose of caste rules was to– Punish criminals.– Keep foreigners out of India.– Aid the poor.– Ensure spiritual purity.

Bingo

• Nirvana meant– An escape from the cycle of rebirth.– Reincarnation into a higher caste after a good

life.– The Hindu holy book.– A terrible band from the 90s.

Bingo

• Which of the five key relationships is the only equal relation?– Father to son– Husband to wife– Ruler to subject– Friend to friend

• “Lead the people by laws and regulate them by punishments and the people will simply try to keep out of jail, but will have no sense of shame. Lead the people by virtue…and they will have a sense of shame and moreover will become good.”

• Do we live in a world like that?• If you come to a stop sign in the middle of the desert and no one is coming and there is no sign of a police officer, do you stop?

• How would IHS change to become a representation of a Confucian state?

• How would IHS change to become a representation of a Legalist state?

IHS

Bingo

• Confucius taught the Chinese people that their most important duty was– Loyalty to the state.– Care of the poor.– Achieving salvation.– Respect for parents.

Bingo

• Confucius was a– Lifetime politician– Dynastic soldier– Buddhist monk– Teacher

TAOISM/DAOISMThe Way of Harmony with

Nature• A philosophy– Profound and paradoxical

• A way of life– Playful and practical

• A religion

Nature knows best

Bingo

• Which philosophy taught that government should pass strict laws and enforce them with harsh punishments?– Confucianism– Legalism– Taoism– Buddhism

TaoismOrigins and Texts

• Lao Tzu - founder• Primary text: Tao Te Ching (the “Book of

the Way and the Power”)– 81 short “chapters” containing the basic

philosophy of living in harmony and balance• Chuang Tzu (4th century BCE) – secondary

founder & text– Collection of stories exemplifying the wisdom

and nature of the Taoist sage

Taoism: Goal & beliefs• Ultimate Goal: HARMONY with NATURE• Tao (“path” or “way”)– The “nameless”– The “Mother of ten=thousand things”– The “uncarved block”– All pervading within and beyond nature

• Te (“power” or “virtue”)– One’s natural ability brought to peak potential

through following the way• The Taoist Sage learns from observing the way of

nature (flowing water, wind) and letting nature guide his way through life.

Bingo

• Confucius believed that the best ruler was – Someone who would pass strict laws.– A virtuous man who led by example.– A man with little education.– A great military hero.

Bingo

• Within Legalism, what should be sacrificed for the good of the state?– Personal freedom– Personal property– First born sons– ½ the family harvest

Bingo

• The “uncarved block” or “the way” in Taoism is called the– Te.– Tao.– Ren.– Samsara.

More Taoist Beliefs• Wei-wu-wei (“active non-action”)– Passive non-resistance to the natural forces of

life– Natural way to get things done with least effort

and greatest success– “Go with the flow,” yield to the natural way of

things– Applied in all walks of life

• Relativity: “good” and “bad” as a matter of perspective– The Taoist sage is non-judgmental

Taoism Affects Life• Seeking Health and Longevity• Alchemy• Meditation• Natural/holistic healing• T’ai-Chi-Ch’uan (“grand ultimate boxing”)• BEST Government governs LEAST

Guess What

Its Bingo time