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TOLLING NEWSLETTER

A SCAN OF TOLL ROAD DEVELOPMENT AROUND THE GLOBE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prepared by:

Emanuela Stocchi. IBTTA International Vice President

Responsible for International Affairs, AISCAT, Rome ITALY

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ FALL - WINTER 2014 -2015

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………3

Europe…………………………………………………………………………………………………4

North America and Canada .................................................................................................................. 6

Latin America ....................................................................................................................................... 8

Asia And Oceania ............................................................................................................................... 10

Africa .................................................................................................................................................. 12

International Tolling Industry Events ................................................................................................. 14

Glossary .............................................................................................................................................. 15

ABOUT IBTTA

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The International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association (IBTTA) is the worldwide association for the

owners and operators of toll facilities and the businesses that serve them. Our mission is to advance toll

financed transportation. Each year the association engages thousands of transportation professionals from toll

agencies, concessionaires and allied businesses through educational meetings, knowledge sharing and

advocacy. Founded in 1932, IBTTA has members in more than 20 countries on six continents.

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INTRODUCTION

There are a number of interesting points to highlight in the recent news about the tolling industry from

around the world since the 2014 summer issue of our Global Tolling Newsletter.

In Europe, the newly appointed European Commission presented an ambitious plan for strategic

investments in infrastructure, the objective of which is to foster economic growth, create jobs, and

ensure EU competitiveness at the international level.

Turning to news from individual European countries, the UK is planning the construction of new road

connections, Austria will open a new highway in 2015, Romania and Bulgaria will start the

construction of new bridges crossing the Danube River, Serbia will cooperate with Chinese companies

to build a new stretch of highway, and Macedonia will apply electronic toll collection (ETC) along the

pan-European Corridor X, which crosses that country and the whole Balkan region.

In North America, Canada successfully completed a toll bridge ahead of schedule. In the US, the

debate on infrastructure financing challenges is still alive. At a wider international level, infrastructure

financing was a major issue also during the G-20 Summit held in Brisbane, Australia, last November,

where the members endorsed the Global Infrastructure Initiative, a multi-year program to support

public and private investments in quality infrastructure. Among the US states, Florida has several

examples of successful PPP projects, Ohio is going to develop the largest PPP project ever carried out

by its Department of Transportation, and the Michigan Department of Transportation created an

information app to provide users with information for winter road management.

Latin America is as always an active and interesting area for the tolling industry. The 4th IRF Latin

America Regional Congress focused on the need to boost infrastructure investments in Latin America.

Chile is promoting a major transportation infrastructure plan, Colombia is set to complete a big tunnel

project, Mexico is involved in the construction of four new road projects, Paraguay is going to build

new roads with loans from the Inter-American Development Bank (IABD), and Brazil is achieving

promising results in the field of road safety.

In Asia, the East-West Economic Corridor is being upgraded in some areas of Thailand. The Asian

Investment Bank is quite active with projects in several Asian countries, including Uzbekistan. China is

again planning to expand its road network and is currently also increasing its production of electric and

hybrid vehicles. The Philippines is carrying out new PPP projects in infrastructure. And in Oceania,

New Zealand is considering a user-pay scheme to finance an ambitious 30-year transportation plan.

Interesting news also comes from Africa, where Morocco and Algeria plan to expand their

infrastructure capacity and to improve mobility and connection for their citizens and companies,

Ethiopia is planning to enlarge its road network with the participation of international companies

from Spain and China, and there is growing awareness of the possibility of international investment

in East African countries, particularly Kenya.

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EUROPE

An EU Fund for strategic investments in

infrastructure

At the end of November, Jean-Claude Juncker,

President of the newly appointed European

Commission, presented, before the plenary

session of the European Parliament, an

ambitious plan to create a European fund for

strategic investments in infrastructure. The

objective of the fund is to foster economic

growth, create jobs and ensure EU

competitiveness at the international level. This

fund will be guaranteed with EU public contributions coming from both the EU budget and loans of the

European Investment Bank. The EIB and the EU will therefore act together and will share the risks of

the investments with their backing to attract private investors from the capital markets and provide

them with the necessary stability and legal certainty to undertake their investments.

According to the European Commission’s forecasts, the fund should mobilize more than €300 billion

for the next three years (2015–17) and could create at least 1.3 million new jobs in EU Member States.

Cooperation between public and private sectors is the core element of this investment plan. EU Member

States are being encouraged to contribute public funds, outside the debt and deficit limits the EU

enacted under its Stability and Growth Pact. This will allow Member States to exclude the projects

financed under the new plan from their national debts.

The Juncker plan was also one of the main subjects of discussion during the December session of the

European Parliament’s Committee on Transport and Tourism. The newly appointed Commissioner for

Mobility and Transport, the Slovenian Violeta Bulc, expressed her support for this plan, especially

for its benefits for the transportation sector, and pledged to contribute to the priorities set out in

Juncker’s policy guidelines. She said transportation is a growth enabler and is essential to connect

regions and to contribute to an energy-efficient and low-carbon economy. Commissioner Bulc said she

believes in constantly keeping customers in mind and in the role of technical innovation in the

transportation sector. She also said she will continue to work with transportation stakeholders so that

they can co-create a dynamic and proactive European transport system. On the Juncker plan, she

recalled its three core pillars: the creation of a new European fund for strategic investments, the

establishment of a credible pipeline project with an assistance program, and the development of a road

map to improve the regulatory investment environment. Commissioner Bulc stressed that private

investors will not engage if there is not a predictable environment. She outlined the three main criteria

for selecting the projects to be financed under the Juncker plan: projects with clear EU value added;

projects that are economically viable and have high socio-economic return, such as job creation; and

projects that are mature enough to start within the next three years.

Speaking to the European Parliament, Commissioner Bulc talked also about the controversial issue of

the German legislative proposal to introduce tolling for private cars, which is currently creating a

lively debate at the national level in Germany but also at the EU level. Commissioner Bulc said that

she, together with her administrative services in the European Commission, will work to verify whether

this proposal—not yet adopted at the legislative level—will affect and infringe on the EU Treaty,

especially with reference to respect of the non-discriminatory principle.

Speaking in wider terms about road charging, she expressed her and the European Commission’s

preference for distance-based charging systems, combined with polluter-pay and user-pay principles; in

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this framework, the European Commission’s political approach to the matter has been based on the idea

that road charging systems are the most sustainable and reliable way to finance infrastructure in the

future.

Focus on some European countries

The Government of the UK announced a major plan to widen and improve roads. This plan foresees

investing more than €19 billion in nearly 100 large road projects, including a planned new tunnel on the

A303, the highway located near the famous Stonehenge World Heritage Site. The 2.9-km tunnel will

feature four lanes and will replace the existing two-lane road, which crosses a small village that can no

longer bear the increased traffic levels from both LVs and HLs. Of course, because of the archeological

importance of this site, feasibility studies are being carried out to determine all the technical difficulties

that must be overcome to successfully complete the tunnel. Other road projects included in the UK’s

plan relate to the upgrading of the stretch of A1 road connecting the north of Newcastle and Edinburgh,

as well as the A27 road linking the areas of the southern coast of England.

In Austria, construction of the new A5 highway will start in March 2015. ASFINAG, the Austrian

state-owned road operator, announced that a tender will be published for a value of nearly

US$409 million and that during 2015, construction of further new stretches of highway will be subject

to a call for tender.

In Eastern Europe, the Bulgarian and Romanian governments have signed an agreement to build two

new bridges to cross the Danube River and link the two countries. One of these bridges will connect the

areas of Nikopol and Turnu Magurele, while the second will link Silistra and Calarasi. To fund these

projects, financial support will come from the Romania-Bulgaria Cross-Border Cooperation

Programme for the period 2014–20. A third bridge is planned to connect the areas of Ruse and Giurgiu,

and, as the bridge is part of a fundamental EU transportation corridor, this project will benefit from the

EU funds for transport for the period 2014–20.

In Serbia, negotiations are taking place between the Serbian Ministry of Transportation, Construction

and Infrastructure and two Chinese companies, Shandong Hi-Speed Group and the China Road and

Bridge Corporation, regarding the building and maintenance of two sections of the Belgrade-Pozega

stretch of Serbia’s E-763 highway. So far no financial estimate has been given for the project, but it has

been announced that the work should be completed within three years.

In Macedonia, an agreement was signed in mid-November between the Macedonian Public Enterprise

for State Roads and the Turkish company ASELSAN to develop ETC along the Macedonian Corridor

10, a strategic corridor connecting the north and the south of the country and linking it as well with the

other Balkan countries. The overall cost of the project is expected to be €18.7 million, of which

€15 million will be granted by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, while the

remaining €3.7 million will be provided by the Government of Macedonia. The new ETC system is

expected to be operational within a year and a half, and the signed agreement includes the

modernization of the toll collection system at the existing tolling stations.

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NORTH AMERICA AND CANADA

Facing infrastructure financing challenges in the US and

at the G-20 Summit, Florida offers an example of

successful PPP projects, Ohio is to develop the largest

PPP project ever carried out by the DoT, Michigan is to

deploy an information app for winter road management,

and Canada successfully completes a toll bridge ahead of

schedule.

Debate on the future of the federal Highway Trust Fund

and, more generally, on infrastructure financing

challenges, is still quite alive in the US. In this context, last

October the Transportation Construction Coalition (TCC),

an organization comprising 31 members of the road

construction industry, urged the US Congress to quickly

pass new, long-term surface transportation legislation. The

TCC highlighted that in the absence of such a measure, a funding crisis could occur in the transportation

sector, with possible negative consequences for the construction and repair of roads, highways and

transit. On this subject, as we reported in the 2014 Summer issue of our Global Tolling Newsletter,

extending the duration of the Highway Trust Fund until May 2015 is in principle a good solution, but

the Highway Trust Fund cannot be sufficient alone to solve the US’s major financing infrastructure

challenges. As the Highway Trust Fund contributes approximately 50% of the needed funding for

investments in highways, Congress will need to look for additional and viable solutions for the future to

guarantee efficient mobility to citizens and highway users. Tolling, we underline again, is one of these

efficient and smart options, a reliable tool to finance, build, repair, maintain, and improve road

infrastructure with the fair and transparent application of the user-pay principle.

The issue of infrastructure financing was also tackled at a wider international level by the G-20 Summit

that took place in Australia last November. The prime ministers and presidents gathered in Brisbane

decided to carry out the Global Infrastructure Initiative, a multi-year program designed to support

public and private investments in quality infrastructure. The initiative aims to increase private sector

financing for infrastructure and to lower possible barriers to these investments, increase the availability

of investment-ready projects, and, above all, help match potential investors with projects through the

establishment of a database called Global Investment Hub. This database will house all the information

related to infrastructure projects and will connect to national and international development bank

databases to help potential investors find reliable, feasible, and ready-to-be-deployed projects.

Turning to news about the road sector specifically in the US, 2014 has been an important year for

Florida, a state that has developed successful public-private partnership (PPP) programs that can be

considered as good examples to be followed in the US in transportation planning and financing. In

March 2014, Florida’s Department of Transportation (FDOT) opened 16 km of new express lanes as

part of the I-595 Corridor Roadway Improvements project. Then in August of this year, FDOT opened

two tunnels under Biscayne Bay as a part of the Port of Miami Tunnel Project, at a total cost of around

US$1 billion. In September, the I-4 Ultimate project concluded at a final cost of nearly US$2.3 billion;

this project is the largest PPP to occur in the US in recent history. For the State of Florida, the opening

of the I-595 and the Port of Miami Tunnel projects are very important because they represent a good and

efficient way public agencies like FDOT can deliver transportation infrastructure. Indeed, FDOT made

these projects possible through the use of the first two availability payment concession agreements in

the US, creating precedents for other US states. For example, in California, an availability payment

concession agreement was signed for the Presidio Parkway project, amounting to US$1.1 billion. And

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the Indiana Finance Authority executed an availability payment concession agreement for two projects,

the East End Crossing and Section 5 of Interstate I-69.

In Ohio, the Portsmouth Gateway Group is planning a PPP project that will be the largest single

construction work ever carried out by the Ohio Department of Transportation. According to the

Portsmouth Gateway Group, the construction costs of this PPP project will be approximately

US$429 million. The 25.6-km Portsmouth Bypass will consist of four lanes in each direction. The new

bypass is particularly important because it will complete the missing link of the Appalachian

Development Highway System in the state of Ohio. At present, the clearing and demolition plans are

being developed, while the construction work is expected to start during Summer 2015.

Last November, the Michigan Department of Transportation developed an app to be used in wintertime

based on the existing Mi Drive traffic information website, quite popular with road users in Michigan.

The app, free of charge for iPhones, iPads and Android phones and tablets, provides real-time road and

traffic information, as well as information related to incidents, lane closures, work zones, message

boards, camera views, and weather-related road conditions on the interstates and M routes crossing the

state of Michigan.

In Canada, a temporary causeway-bridge linking downtown Montreal and Nuns' Island initially

scheduled to be opened at the beginning of 2015 has instead been completed ahead of schedule and even

under budget. The new seven-lane span is part of a project to replace the old Champlain Bridge. The

new Champlain Bridge will be tolled by the federal government.

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LATIN AMERICA

The 4th IRF Latin America Regional

Congress focuses on boosting

infrastructure investments in Latin

America, Chile promotes a major

transportation infrastructure plan,

Colombia is working on a big tunnel

project, Mexico is involved in the

construction of four new road projects,

Paraguay is to build new roads with loans

from the IABD, and Brazil achieves

promising results in the field of road safety.

Latin America is always quite an active area

of the world for infrastructure development,

and currently several countries are involved

in launching and carrying out investment

plans to both improve mobility and grow

their economies. Moreover, a big congress

organized by the International Road

Federation (IRF) took place in Lima, Peru,

last September, with the participation of the

World Bank, the Development Bank of Latin America and the economic group Odebrecht Latinvest.

The 4th IRF Latin America Regional Congress addressed the various infrastructure problems and

challenges of this area. Discussions included the possibility of doubling the infrastructure investments

in Latin America, as well as increasing the productivity of existing assets in order to meet the

increasing demand for mobility.

Turning to recent developments in individual Latin American countries, Chile’s President Michelle

Bachelet announced a major transportation infrastructure plan amounting to around US$4.2 billion

involving urban and rail projects and also roads and airports. The political objective of this plan is to set

up major infrastructure projects to help boost Chile’s economy for the future. Specific to the road

sector, the Chilean Ministry of Public Works recently announced an investment of nearly

US$1.1 billion to be approved in Spring 2015. The ministry also announced that three private

concession contracts have already been approved. These include the dual-carriageway road in Route 5

connecting the cities of Chacao and Chonchi, and a road linking the centers of Caldera and Antofagasta.

In this context the Chilean government is heavily promoting the use of PPP solutions for attracting

further investments. Chile’s road infrastructure plan also includes a tender to build the Agua Negra

tunnel, which is expected to cost around US$1.6 billion. This infrastructure is important because it will

connect Chile, in particular the area around the city of Ovalle, with Argentina, namely the area of San

Juan.

In Colombia, plans are advancing to complete a tunnel project in the area of La Línea to link the cities

of Calarcá and Cajamarca in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. The project is meant to

facilítate circulation on National Route 40, which is one of the most important transversal road

connections in Colombia, linking the capital Bogotá with the cities of Cali and Buenaventura and the

port of Buenaventura on the Pacific Ocean. When completed, this 8,651.55-metre tunnel will be the

longest tunnel in Latin America. Unfortunately, the project has encountered several problems in its

development since its initial plans in 2004 because of geological technical difficulties and, more

recently, also because of insufficient financial support. At present, the tunnel La Línea will be

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completed by the consortium Segundo Centenario, which will work in cooperation with local

construction firms. Though the project was supposed to be completed by the end of 2014, the

consortium asked for an additional year at least and projected the overall cost for this operation to be

nearly US$60 million.

In Mexico, four new highway projects are set to be completed at the end of 2014 and the beginning of

2015. These infrastructure projects, designed to improve mobility for citizens and businesses around the

country, are the section of road linking the cities of Colima and Tolina in the southern part of the

country, at a projected overall cost of US$36.3 million; a 29-km stretch of highway connecting the city

of Salamanca with the two centers of Irapuato and Léon; the 42.3-km long Oriente de Chihuahua

bypass; and the 3-km Mazatlan bypass.

The Ministry of Public Works and Communications in Paraguay announced its intention to finalize a

loan of US$100 million with the IABD for constructing new road connections. The loan should be

signed in the coming weeks and will be used to build 400 km of new roads and 2 km of new bridges.

After signing this loan, the ministry will launch the call for tenders to start the related projects.

Paraguay is also about to award road infrastructure projects totaling US$758 million. Among these is a

project for a bridge connecting Paraguay and Brazil.

Speaking of Brazil, this always very active Latin American country, often involved in the last months

in tenders for building highways and tunnels and for road improvement projects, has also achieved

good results in the improvement of road safety. According to a recent report published by the National

Health System, Brazil has seen a 10% decrease in the number of traffic fatalities, comparing 2013 to

2012. Although much remains to be done to improve road safety in Brazil, the government underlined

the importance of having applied tougher enforcement procedures along the Brazilian road network, as

well as having introduced into the national legislation strict rules related to drunk driving and excessive

speed.

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ASIA AND OCEANIA

The East-West Economic Corridor is being

upgraded in Thailand, the Asian Investment

Bank is quite active with projects in several

Asian countries including Uzbekistan, China

is again planning to expand its road network

and is increasing its production of electric and

hybrid vehicles, the Philippines is carrying out

new PPP infrastructure projects, and New

Zealand is considering a user-pay scheme to

finance an ambitious 30-year transportation

plan.

In Thailand, the East-West Economic Corridor must be upgraded and at some points widened with the

construction of new sections of road. Japan has agreed in principle to provide financial assistance to

carry out work on this stretch of the corridor. The East-West Economic Corridor initiative was launched

in 1998 during a high-level ministerial conference that took place in the Philippines to promote

development and integration of four Southeast Asian countries: Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and

Vietnam. The whole road infrastructure will have 1,450 km of highways crossing these four South-East

Asian countries. Most of the corridor was completed in 2010 thanks to the great contributions of the

Asian Development Bank and Japan. For the remaining sections, like the one in Thailand, some MOUs

have been signed since last year to plan the start of the remaining projects. Together, the participants

have also created the Transportation Association of Mekong Sub-region, which is headquartered in

Laos.

The Asian Investment Bank is also active in Uzbekistan, with plans to build 423 km of new roads in

2015. Financing for these projects will come mainly from bank loans, while the country has included

the equivalent of US$1.17 billion in its national budget to purchase road-building equipment.

Infrastructure development in China continues at a fast pace, and four expressways will be built in

Hunan Province. This project includes 179 km of new road, as well as widening and improving some

existing road sections. The overall cost of this project has been estimated at approximately

US$3.70 billion. China is also quite advanced in the production of electric and hybrid vehicles and

boasts impressive growth in this area; according to the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information

Technology, China’s production of these low-emission vehicles increased by a factor of four just during

the period from January to September 2014, reaching 41,300 units. There has also been a 154% growth

in the production of commercial hybrid vehicles. Hoping to reduce pollution especially in the urban

areas, the Chinese government is encouraging its citizens to use electric or hybrid cars. Given the high

price of fuel in China, the market for electric and hybrid vehicles has great possibilities for expansion.

In Indonesia, the construction of the toll road connecting the cities of Bekasi and Jakarta has restarted

after a break of almost 20 years. This road infrastructure was initially started by the consortium Kresna

Kusuma Dyandra Marga (KKDM), a state-controlled entity with a 60% share in the whole project’s

package. However, because of the severe financial crisis in Asia during the 1990s, work on the project

had to stop. Recently it was decided that KKDM would operate the new toll road, with construction

costs of US$600 million, while the state will contribute more than US$29 million for land acquisitions

to begin the work. Construction of the toll road will be done in two sections: a 10-km stretch between

Jaka Sampurna and Duren Jaya and an 11-km section linking Casablanca and Jaka Sampurna. The

funding for this second section will come mainly from bank loans.

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In the Philippines, the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) recently authorized the

development of PPP projects in the field of infrastructure. The NEDA board gave its green light and

authorized US$28.3 million to build the Sen. Gil Puyat Avenue/Makati Avenue-Paseo de Roxas

Vehicles Underpass Project. As well, the board approved a project to repair damaged bridges along the

Bohol Circumferential Road.

Turning to Oceania, in New Zealand, the Auckland Council decided to develop an ambitious 30-year

plan for integrating transportation networks, a plan based on the user-pay principle. According to

studies carried out by an independent advisory body, revenues of at least US$9.5 billion from road

charging would help finance this plan, which involves not only roads but also rail, ferries, busways and

cycle-ways. The advisory body proposed two possible sources of funding: one is to increase the fuel

tax, and the second is to charge road users an average user fee of US$1.60. The fee would vary

according to the time of day or day of the week. The Government of New Zealand is still considering

these two solutions and said that in January 2015 it would launch a public consultation with residents

on the proposed increased costs.

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AFRICA

Northern Africa is quite active in developing the

highway network: Morocco and Algeria plan to

expand their infrastructure capacity and to improve

mobility and connection for their citizens and

companies. Ethiopia is also planning to enlarge its

road network with the participation of international

companies from Spain and China, and there is a

growing awareness of the possibilities for

international investors in East African countries,

in particular Kenya.

In Northern Africa, Morocco is still focused on the

enlargement and improvement of its network of highways. The national road authority, Autoroutes

du Maroc (ADM), has announced it will extend its network from the current 1,500 km to 1,800 km

by 2016, a very important year for ADM because it will coincide with the 25th anniversary of its

foundation. Construction costs for this new stretch will amount to more than US$5 billion. The

addition of these 300 km to the existing toll network in Morocco will be followed, ADM said, by

other projects aimed at improving the connections between the northern and the southern regions of

the country; an estimated 2,000 km of new roads will be built in the coming years. ADM highlighted

as well that the improvement of existing roads, the creation of new highway connections, and the

introduction of stricter enforcement measures during the last year have decreased traffic fatalities by

nearly 21% and deaths by nearly 14.5%. According to ADM, at present in Morocco 60% of the total

population, 80% of industrial plants, and 76% of tourist areas are linked by a highway; this means

that ADM’s objective to improve mobility and connection around the country will be achieved.

In Algeria, the Ministry of Public Works announced the start of projects that are part of building the

East-West Highway. One is a study currently being carried out to collect information to define the

whole concession package. Another project is to link the road section from the city of Annaba to the

Tunisian border through the district of El Tarf, and is focused on repairing the sections of highway

that are in bad condition. Although work on this section had initially been started by the Japanese

construction company COJAAL, this project is now being carried out by local Algerian companies.

Another project is to build approximately 750 km of roads to connect the Highlands Highway with

some Algerian ports and cities located in the north of the country. Another important national road,

the RN-43, is due to be completed in the first months of 2015. This infrastructure will be enlarged

along the districts of Jijel and El Milia. Jijel District is also interested in widening another stretch of

highway along the national road RN-27. The only technical constraints being faced there now are

geotechnical issues to be solved relating to the construction of a viaduct located to the west of the

city of Jijel.

In Ethiopia, two major road projects have been awarded to Spanish and Chinese construction

companies. The Spanish one agreed to a joint venture with local partners, and the resulting UTE

Elsameks Eco Asphalt Ethiopia 35 will build a 63-km stretch of road to connect the cities of Ambo

and Welliso; this project is expected to take three years and have an overall cost of nearly

US$59 million, which will be loaned by the World Bank. The Chinese company is China Hunan

Hunda Road & Bridge Construction, and it will build more than 111 km of roads to connect the

Ethiopian cities of Merkote, Delbo, Alaba and Sodo; this US$50-million project is expected to be

completed in two and a half years. All these projects are included in the big infrastructure

investment plan for Ethiopia, which amounts to US$2.4 billion and is intended to develop and

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improve the country’s road network within the next 10 years. Ethiopia is both landlocked and quite

isolated in the African continent, and international companies and investors have been attracted to

invest in this country and improve the connections among the different regions and cities to

contribute to Ethiopia’s economic growth.

Kenya also has an ambitious road construction program for the next eight years. The Government of

Kenya, which on several occasions has signaled the possibility of potential international investment

in this country, has announced it is ready to contract more than US$550 million to build 10,000 km

of new roads. To this end, an ad hoc fund has been created to ensure funds are available for road

construction through a private finance initiative. The project will be deployed in different phases,

the first being construction of 3,000 km. Several candidates and bidders have already expressed their

interest in taking part in this ambitious PPP project. East Africa is under the focus of potential

external investors to expand the infrastructure capacity of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda.

As has been noted in previous issues of our Global Tolling Newsletter, all of these countries have

announced, and in some cases have already enacted, plans to enhance their infrastructure network.

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INTERNATIONAL TOLLING INDUSTRY EVENTS

Washington, DC, 11–15 January 2015: 94th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board

(TRB), http://events.jspargo.com//trb15/public/enter.aspx

Tbilisi, Georgia, 5–6 February 2015: 2nd Annual South Caucasus Infrastructure & New Energy

Investment Summit, http://www.conventionventures.com/events.php?action=details&event_id=99

Lima, Peru, 17–19 February 2015: IRF seminar “Roadside & Work Zone Safety,” https://www.irfnews.org/event/roadside-work-zone-safety-lima-2015

Vienna, Austria, 3rd March 2015: 8th ASECAP Annual Road Safety Day, www.asecap.com

Washington, DC, 29–31 March 2015: IBTTA Washington Legislative Briefing, www.ibtta.org

Portland, Oregon, 29–28 April 2015: IBTTA Transportation Finance and Road Usage

Charging Conference, www.ibtta.org

Lisbon, Portugal, 27–29 May 2015: 43rd ASECAP Annual Study and Information Days, www.asecap.com

Istanbul, Turkey, 27–29 May 2015: Intertraffic Istanbul 2015, www.intertraffic.com

Leipzig, Germany, 27–29 May 2015: International Transport Forum Summit 2015 “Transport,

Trade and Tourism: mobility for a connected world,” http://2015.internationaltransportforum.org

Miami, Florida, 12–14 July 2015: IBTTA Summit on All-Electronic Tolling, Managed Lanes &

Interoperability, www.ibtta.org

Dublin, Ireland, 30 August–2 September 2015: 83rd IBTTA Annual Meeting and Exhibition, www.ibtta.org

Cleveland, Ohio, 18–20 October 2015: IBTTA New Media, Communications & Human

Resources Workshop, www.ibtta.org

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GLOSSARY

ADM: Autoroutes du Maroc

AET: All Electronic Toll Collection

AIPCR: Association Mondiale de la Route – World Road Association

ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations

ASECAP: Association européenne des concessionnaires d’autoroutes et d’ouvrages à péage – European

Association of Toll Roads Concessionaires Companies

BRICS: International annual conference attended by the Heads of State of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South

Africa

COMESA: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

EAC: Eastern African Community

EBRD: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EC: European Commission

EIB: European Investment Bank

EGNOS: European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

EP: European Parliament

ERF: European Union Road Federation

ETC: Electronic Toll Collection

EU: European Union

FDOT: Florida Department of Transportation

GALILEO: European Satellite Navigation System

GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System

IABD: Inter-American Development Bank

IBTTA: International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association

IRF: International Road Federation

ITF: International Transport Forum

ITS: Intelligent Transport Systems

KKDM: Kresna Kusuma Dyandra Marga

NEDA: National Economic Development Authority

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OBE/OBU: On Board Equipment/On Board Unit

OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

ORT: Open-Road Tolling

PPP: Public-Private Partnership

RUC: Road User Charging

SADC: Southern African Development Community

TCC: Transport Construction Coalition

TEN-T: Trans-European Transport Networks

TRB: Transportation Research Board

UNECE: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe