LEI - English II Revised

LÚRIO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

Degree in Computer Engineering

ENGLISH II HAND-OUT

Compilation and arrangements by:

Célio Panquene

Lúrio University // Degree in Computer Engineering English II

Compilation and arrangements by Célio Panquene// Email: [email protected] // Cell: (+258) 82 80 81 960

Disciplina: Inglês II Total de horas de contacto: 60 horas Ano: 2º Semestre: 2º Áreas de conhecimento: Ciências Transversais Créditos: 4

General objective: Empower undergraduate with the language and life skills they need to carry out their career goals:

a) Equip the undergraduates with Science and Computing English Language terminology. b) Read and comprehend articles about Science and Engineering. c) Speak and write about specific Science and Computing topics in English

Contact Hours Topic Theory Practice Total Computing and Technology: identifying computer components and other devices, matching verbs with nouns, verbs associated with computing, rearranging letters, multiple choice.

Understanding passages: identifying verbs and verb tenses, translating passages, definite and indefinite articles (the, a/an), matching phrases, adjectives.

Grammar review: (1) used to plus regular and irregular verbs. (2) Verb plus –ing.

Mobile phones and other devices: parts of a typical mobile phone, filling gaps in a passage, multiple choice and inference, matching phrases.

Networks: reading comprehension, gap filling, sequencing events, multiple choice.

Grammar review: (1) used to plus regular and irregular verbs. (2) Verb plus –ing.

Official Letters: letter of application, covering letter, CV compilation.

Total Disciplina precedente: Inglês I Departamento responsável: Ciências de Engenharia Informática Bibliography: 1. GLENDINNING, E & McEWAN, J. (2006), Oxford English for Information Technology2. GLENDINNING, E & McEWAN, J. (2002),

, Oxford. Basic English for Computing

3. MARKS, J. (2007), , Oxford.

Check Your English Vocabulary for Computers and Information Technology4. MURPHY, R. (2000),

, London. English Grammar In Use

5. WILLIAMS, I. (2007), , Cambridge University Press.

English for Science and Engineering , Thompson ELT.



















GRAMMAR REVIEW

Used to (do) A.Study this example situation:

Denis stopped smoking two years ago. He doesn’t smoke any more. But he used to smoke. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day. ‘He used to smoke’= he smoked regularly for sometime in the past, but he doesn’t smoke now. He was a smoker, but now he isn’t. he used to smoke he doesn’t smoke Past 2 years ago now

B. ‘Something used to happen’ = something happened regularly in the past but no longer happens:

• I used to play tennis a lot but I don’t play very often now. • Diane used to travel a lot. These days she doesn’t go away so often. • ‘Do you go to the cinema very often?’ ‘Not now, but I used to.’ (= I used to go...)

We also use used to ... for something that was true but is not true anymore: • This building is now a furniture shop. It used to be a cinema. • I used to think he was unfriendly but now I realise he’s a very nice person. • I’ve started to drink coffee recently. I never used to like it before.



• Janet used to have very long hair when she was a child. C. ‘I used to do something’ is past. There is no present form. You cannot say ‘I use to do’. To talk about the present, use the present simple (I do). Compare: past he used to smoke we used to live there used to be present he smokes we live there is

• We used to live in a small village but now we live in Pemba. • There used to be four cinemas in town. Now there is only one.

D. The normal question form is did (you) use to...?:

• Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? The negative form is didn’t use to... (used not to... is also possible)

• I didn’t use to like him. (or I used not to like him.)

E. Compare I used to do and I was doing • I used to watch TV a lot. (= I watched TV regularly in the past, but I no longer do this) • I was watching TV when the phone rang. (= I was in the middle of watching TV)

F. Do not confuse I used to do and I am used to doing. The structure and meanings are different:

• I used to live alone. (= I lived alone in the past but I no longer live alone) • I am used to living alone. (= I live alone and I don’t find it strange or new because I’ve been living

alone for some time) Practice I. Complete these sentences with use(d) to... + a suitable verb. 1. Dennis gave up smoking two years ago. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day. 2. Liz ......................................................... a motorbike, but last year she sold it and bought a car. 3. We came to live in Manchester a few years ago. We ............................................. in Nottingham. 4. I rarely eat ice cream now but I ........................................ it when I was a child. 5. Jim .............................................. my best friend but we aren’t friends any longer. 6. It only takes me about 40 minutes to get to work since the new road was opened. It ............................. ........................ more than an hour. 7. There ................................................... a hotel opposite the station but it closed a long time ago. 8. When you lived in Beira, .................................... to the theatre very often?



II. Brian changed his lifestyle. He stopped doing some things and started doing other things: studying hard smoking He stopped going to bed early He started going out in the evening running three miles every morning spending a lot of money Write sentences about Brian with used to and didn’t use to. 1. He used to study hard. 2. He didn’t use to smoke. 3. ................................................................................................. 4. ................................................................................................. 5. ................................................................................................. 6. ................................................................................................. III. Compare what Carol said five years ago and what she says today:

FIVE YEARS AGO I travel a lot I’m a hotel receptionist I play the piano I got lots of friends I’m very lazy I never read newspapers I don’t like cheese I don’t drink tea I’ve got a dog I go to a lot of parties

TODAY I eat lots of cheese now My dog died two years ago I work very hard these days I read a newspaper every day now I don’t know many people these days I work in a bookshop now I haven’t played the piano for ages I don’t go away much these days Tea is great! I like it now I haven’t been to a party for ages

Now write sentences about how Carol has changed. Use used to/didn’t use to/never used to in the first part of your sentence. 1. She used to travel a lot but she doesn’t go away much these days. 2. she used ........................................................... but ............................................................................... 3. .......................................................................... but ................................................................................ 4. .......................................................................... but ................................................................................ 5. .......................................................................... but ................................................................................ 6. .......................................................................... but ................................................................................ 7. .......................................................................... but ................................................................................ 8. .......................................................................... but ................................................................................ 9. .......................................................................... but ................................................................................ 10. ........................................................................ but ................................................................................



Verb + -ing (enjoy doing /stop doing etc.) Look at these examples:

• I enjoy dancing (not ‘I enjoy to dance’) • Would you mind closing the door? (not ‘mind to close’) • Ana suggested going to the cinema. (not ‘suggested to go’)

After enjoy, mind and suggest, we use –ing (not to...). Here are some more verbs that are followed by –ing:

stop delay fancy consider admit miss involve finish postpone imagine avoid deny risk practice

• Suddenly everybody stopped talking. • I’ll do the shopping when I’ve finished cleaning the flat. • He tried to avoid answering my questions. • I don’t fancy going out this evening. • Have you ever considered going to live in another country?

Note the negative form not –ing:

• When I’m on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early. We also use –ing after:

give up (=stop) put off (=postpone) carry on/go on (=continue) keep or keep on (=do something continuously or repeatedly)

• Paula has given up smoking. • We must do something. We can’t go on living like this! (or ...carry on living...) • Don’t keep interrupting me while I’m speaking. (or Don’t keep on interrupting...)

With some verbs you can use the structure verb + somebody + -ing:

• I can’t imagine George riding a motorbike. • You can’t stop me doing what I want. • ‘Sorry to keep you waiting so long.’ ‘That’s all right.’



Note the passive form (being done/seen/kept etc.): • I don’t mind being kept waiting. (=I don’t mind people keeping me...)

When you are talking about finished actions, you can say having done/stolen/said etc.:

• She admitted having stolen the money. But it’s not necessary to use having (done). You can also use the simple –ing form for finished actions:

• She admitted stealing the money. • I now regret saying (or having said) what I said.

After some of the verbs on this page (especially admit/deny/suggest) you can use that...:

• She denied that she had stolen the money. (or She denied stealing...). • Ian suggested that we went to cinema. (or Ian suggested going...)

Practice I. Complete each sentence with one of these verbs: answer apply be be listen make see try use wash work write 1. He tried to avoid answering my question. 2. Could you please stop ......................................... so much noise? 3. I enjoy ........................................... to music. 4. I considered ........................................ for the job but in the end I decided against it. 5. Have you finished ................................... your hair yet? 6. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk .......................................... knocked down. 7. Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet. He wants to carry on ........................................... . 8. I don’t mind you ................................ the phone as long as you pay for all your calls. 9. Hello! Fancy ............................... you here! What a surprise! 10. I’ve put off ................................... the letter so many times. I really must do it today. 11. What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody .......................... so stupid? 12. Sarah gave up ............................... to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad. II. Complete the sentences for each situation using –ing

1. ‘What shall we do?’ ‘We could go to the cinema.’ She suggested going to the cinema. 2. ‘Do you want to play tennis?’ ‘No, not really.’ He didn’t fancy ................................................................ 3. ‘You were driving too fast.’ ‘Yes, it’s true. Sorry!’



She admitted ................................................................... 4. ‘Why don’t we go for a swim?’ ‘Good idea!’ She suggested .................................................................. 5. ‘You broke into the shop.’ ‘No, I didn’t!’ He denied ......................................................................... 6. ‘Can you wait a few minutes?’ ‘Sure, no problem.’ III. Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the first sentence. Use –ing.

1. I can do what I want and you can’t stop me. You can’t stop me doing what I want. 2. It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour. It’s better to avoid ............................................................................................................ . 3. Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today? Shall we postpone .................................................. until ....................................................? 4. The driver of the car said it was true that he didn’t have a license. The driver of the car admitted ............................................................................................. . 5. Could you turn the radio down, please? Would you mind ................................................................................................................... ? 6. Please don’t interrupt me all the time. Would you mind ........................................................................................................................ ? VI. Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use -ing

1. She’s a very interesting person. I always enjoy talking to her. 2. I’m not feeling very well. I don’t fancy....................................................................................................... 3. I’m afraid there aren’t any chairs. I hope you don’t mind ......................................................................... 4. It was a lovely day, so I suggested ............................................................................................................ 5. It was very funny. I couldn’t stop ............................................................................................................... 6. My car isn’t very reliable. It keeps .............................................................................................................

















JOB APPLICATION LETTER VERSUS COVERING LETTER

Letter of application

If you are responding to a job advertisement you may be asked to write a letter of application. This is the letter which lists all your work experience and qualifications and should also explain why you want the job. Begin your letter by telling the reader where you saw the advertisement:

• I am writing to apply for the post of Fashion Shop Manager advertised in the 'News Shopper' of 14 February 2002.

You would then go on to list your experience and relevant qualifications:

• I have worked in the retail industry for a total of ten years, first as a sales assistant in a department store and for the last three years as a Section Head and Deputy Manager at Jones the Bootmaker.

You might then go on to say why you are particularly interested in this job and mention the particular abilities and skills that you have.

• I am applying for this position as I am looking to progress from junior to senior management. I have ways been interested in the latest fashion trends and developments and I believe your organisation is a well-run quality fashion business. I would very much like to work for your company.

• I believe I have all the skills, knowledge and expertise that you are looking for. I have lots of retail initiative, can schedule and prioritise tasks and can work to strict deadlines. I also work particularly well with people and would enjoy leading the team and working with clients and customers.

You might then close the letter with the following formula.

• I look forward to hearing from you and hope that you will be able to invite me for an interview.

Covering letter

Many employers will ask you to write to them or phone them for an application form and further details when they advertise jobs. Sometimes you will be asked to send your CV or resume. Your CV or curriculum vitae lists your educational and career history and is a useful summary for an employer of all your educational and employment achievements up to the present time. You must always ensure that it is up to date. A covering letter may then be very useful because you can enclose it with your CV or a completed application form. In your covering letter you can draw attention to particular information which you wish to highlight. Such a covering letter might look like this:



If you have filled in an application form you do not need to send a CV because all the relevant information should be on your form.

SUMMARY The letter of application you send with your CV is sometimes called a covering letter. It is usually the first direct contact between a candidate and an employer, so make sure it is well-written and presented. It should normally contain 3-4 paragraphs.

Covering Letters: Letter Content Here is a list of points you should include:

• Say that you would like to apply • Say where you found out about the job • Say why you would like the job • Say why you are qualified to do the job • Say you can provide more information if necessary • Say when you would be available for interview

Dear Mr Sorefoot Fashion Shop Manager Please find enclosed my completed application form for the above position. As you will see from my form, I have ten years experience with Bates Retail as a Fashion Shop Manager. I look forward to hearing from you and hope that you will be able to invite me for an interview. I can be contacted at any time by phone, fax or email at work or at home. I would very much welcome an opportunity to discuss my application in greater detail and convince you that I am the right person for the job. Yours sincerely Frances Slimwaist



BASIC TECHNIQUES TO COMPILE A CV ABOUT CV CV stands for curriculum vitae - a Latin expression meaning 'life story'. (In American English it is called a resume.) It summarises your education, achievements and job history for prospective employers and so it should be carefully prepared. A CV is usually sent with a covering letter. STAGES WHEN COMPILING A CV 1. Think about what the job involves. - It's important to get a good idea of the kind of work you would be doing so that you can include relevant information in your application. 2. Think about what sort of person would be chosen to do it. 3. Identify your skills that match the job description. - Don't forget skills such as teamwork, creativity and leadership. 4. Decide on a layout - Make sure the layout is clear, with plenty of space. 5. Review your previous experience - Think about the things you've done in the past which might help you with this job. 6. Find suitable language to describe your experience. – Use strong, positive words. Be truthful, but don't be afraid to show off your talents! 7. Draft the first version of your CV. - Try to keep it short - many employers prefer CVs to be two pages maximum. 8. Check your CV for mistakes - Employers won't be interested in you if your CV is full of errors! See an example of a CV below.



Carmen Lopez Duran Profile I am keen to follow a career in Tourism or Hotel Management. I am well-organised, highly motivated and have excellent communication skills. In addition I am reliable, flexible, and quick to learn. Personal details Address Avenida de la Plata 47 / Grenada 18 752 Spain Tel 123 456 789 Email Carmello@ etc.com Date of birth 25 Nov 1980 Marital status Single Education 1998 - 2000 Universidad de Granada Diploma in Business Studies with Tourism 1990 - 1998 Instituto Cervantes, Granada Bachillerato (A Level equivalent) Grade B Professional Experience 2000 - present Hotel Xyz, Notown

Assistant to Conference Manager Responsible for providing administrative support, answering enquiries, taking bookings, arranging catering. Employee of the Year, 2001.

Summer 2000 Company Xyz. Notown Social/Sports Officer In charge of escorting groups of foreign students, Arranging schedules, planning social events, Organising sports activities, managing a budget.

Interests Yoga, swimming, skiing, classical music, theatre, current affairs Additional Skills

• Fluent English - IELTS score 6.5 • Working knowledge of French • Clean driving licence • Computer literate (Word, Excel, Powerpoint)

Referees Antonio Palma Plazas, Conference Manager, Primavera Hotels Mercedes Garrido Vazquez, Regional Director, Eurostudy Ltd



VOCABULARY to be keen to do something - to want to do it a lot communication skills - the ability to interact well with other people reliable - dependable, trustworthy vacations - American-English for holidays or time off work managing a budget - making sure that an agreed amount of money is spent wisely to complete a task or project current affairs - news about what's happening around the world at the moment to have committed a driving offence - to have done something illegal while driving to have a clean driving licence - to have a driving licence that doesn't contain any record of illegal driving to have a working knowledge of something - to have a basic understanding of a topic

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LEI - English II Revised

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