Leipzig 3 u 4

A German Advice on Renewable Energies: a Successful Case Study in Mexico

SEPT International Program

Leipzig, November 2012

Juan Jose Maqueda

2

Introduction

SME: Central Renewable Energy

The Impact of the United Nations Conference on

Sustainable Development: Rio + 20

Mexican Government: Policies According to Reality?

Conclusions

Outline

Introduction

3

Ancient Paradigm:

Developing countries can hardly

create technology;; developed

and industrialized countries own

the capital .

Contemporary Paradigm:

Any citizen, regardless his

country of origin, can create

knowledge.


4

SME founded in 2003 in Queretaro

State, Mexico.

Workforce: 25 employees covering

the whole country.

Design of systems aimed to promote energetic

efficiency through clean sources (i.e. solar and wind).

Range of Services: residential, corporate, industrial,

commercial, touristic and health sciences.

Unique Selling Point: Engineering and Technological

Innovation.


5

Traditional Non -

renewable Energy

Sources

Fossil Fuels

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Coal

Uranium

Solar Thermal

Systems

70% - 100%

savings in energy

consumption.

ZERO emissions

Return on

Investment: 1.5 to

4 years.

Engineering and Technological Innovation


6

Inverter

Loading Center

Photovoltaic Module

House

Measurer Electric Network

Solar Thermal System The system

enables a

complete self-

generating

energy cycle,

selling the surplus

to the Electric

Network.


7

Solar Thermal System

8

Project 1:

Electrification of an isolated

Community in Guerrero State.

Supply of clean energy for a

network.

27 middle-schools benefit with the

project.

Regular electricity supply affected

by the geographical location.

9

Project 2:

Electrification of a rural

Community in Queretaro State.

Supply of clean energy for

residential use.

30 families benefit with the

project.

Regular electricity supply affected

due to unauthorized settlements.

10

Ruben Fernandez, Mexican

Co-founder and Director

Wismar - University of

Applied Sciences, Technology,

Business and Design.

Fortbildung Erneuebare

Energie Hochschule Wismar.

German Knowledge in Action !

The Impact of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development: Rio + 20

11

Why do we need a Conference on Sustainable Development?

The world today has 7 billion people by 2050, there will be

9 billion.

One out of every 5 people (1,4 billion) currently lives with

USD $1,25 per day or less.

1,5 billion people in the world don´t have access to

electricity.

Almost one billion people go hungry every day.

Greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, and more than a

third of all known species could go extinct if climate change

continues unchecked.

The Impact of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development: Rio + 20

12

What is the Conference on Sustainable Development Rio + 20?

World leaders, participants from the private sector, NGOs

and other groups, came together to shape how we can

reduce poverty, advance social equity and ensure

environmental protection on an ever more crowded planet.

Two main objectives were drawn:

How to build a green economy to achieve sustainable

development and lift people out of poverty;; and

How to improve international coordination for

sustainable development.

Mexican Government: Policies according to Reality?

13

Main Actions

Energetic Strategy: 35% of Total Energy Generation will be

produced from Non-fossil Energies for year 2026.

Construction of 2 Photovoltaic Parks, with a Total Capacity of 33,6

Megawatt (enough to power up 330.000 a 100 kwh lights).

Reductions on VAT: Deductions of 100% on Machinery and

Equipment over investments related to energy generation from

renewable sources.

Fund for Energetic Sustainability energetic efficiency,

renewable sources, clean technologies, diversification.

Mexican Government: Policies according to Reality?

14

Political and Economic Paradigm

Close to 30% of what is billed in the

Energetic Sector in Mexico is subsidized

(electric energy and gasoline).

Subsidies apply to residential, agricultural

and industrial sectors.

It is extremely difficult for the Mexican

government to promote clean energies.

Mexico occupy the 9th place worldwide in

oil reserves and 12th in oil-related income.

Conclusions

15

Social Projects contribute to generate better living

conditions for society while employing environmental-

friendly energies.

action are in line with the UN Rio + 20 Conference by

achieving a sustainable development scheme.

Mexico is not developing its green-energies potential due to

a political and economic agenda.

International regulations can make a difference

CRE was able to import and develop German Knowledge on

behalf of the Mexican society in a sustainable way.

Thank you for your attention,

MBA, Juan Jose Maqueda

SEPT Program, University of Leipzig

jmaqueda@daad-alumni.de

16

Renewable Energy Promotion and Training through SMEs in Rural India-‐Potentials and Challenges

R. Arun Prasath, Assistant Professor

Laboratory for Energy, Materials and Sustainability Centre for Green Energy Technology

Pondicherry University Puducherry 605014

Email:[email protected]

R. Arun Prasath SEPT20YEAR 2012, Nov 24th, Leipzig 1

INDIA

PONDICHERRY

Karaikal

Mahe

Yanam

http://www.pondiuni.edu.in/ R. Arun Prasath SEPT20YEAR 2012, Nov 24th, Leipzig

2

Outline

-‐Reserve, Production, Consumption, Power Distribution,

-‐Current production, Potential, Challenges, Schemes..

SMEs and their role to promote RE in rural India

-‐ introduction, Sectors-‐models, Potential, Challenges, ..

Conclusion with some pictures of Pondicherry


Ranks 4th in coal reserve with 7% of world reserve ~ 64,786 million tons

3rd largest producer and consumer of coal

Coal could lost ~100 years, -‐-‐-‐-‐imported stood at 36% for 2010-‐11

oil and natural gas

0.7% and 0.8% to the world reserve

1201 million metric tons of oil and 1437 billion cubic meters of gas

Import 75% of all crude oil and expected to increase to 90% by 2030

Import about 28% natural gas for the year 2010 , expected to increase..

Fossil Fuel Reserve and Production



Total Power production capacity of over 209 GW (as on 30-10-2012)

Renewable Energy contribution as of now is

about 27 GW ~12% (below the average of world RES 19%, REN21 source)

Per capita electricity consumption is very low ~ 779 kWh per year (~10 times less than DC, India Vision 2020 targets 2460 kWh).

Economy projected to grow at average of 5-7% per annum!

400 million live without electricity in over 90,000 villages

Currently, average power cut in most of the states, around 10-18hr/day!

Power Generation in India

Indian Energy distribution

Indian Energy FACTS distribution 2012

6

Total Renewable Energy (RE) installed capacity of 26.9 GW (as on Sept 2012)

Grid connected 26.1GW, and off-grid connected 7734MW

Annual growth rate at 18% in the 11th plan (2007-2012) compared to just 5% Non-RE.

Separate Ministry, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)

MNRE estimates potential as 87 GW excluding solar energy, South Asia Energy Unit report estimated as 150 GW, IE estimates above ~1000 GW!

India aims for 50% renewable by 2050!

Indian Renewable Energy Grid-connected as on 2012

Off-grid-connected as on 2012

Renewable energy in India

R. Arun Prasath SEPT20YEAR 2012, Nov 24th, Leipzig

Thermal PV 250-‐300 clear sunny days/year

4-‐7 kWh/ m2 /day

India ranks 7th in PV cell production! (export to Germany, Italy, NL, Spain, Aus, USA,)

~ 1 GW SOLAR eneryg produced via grid-‐connected and off-‐grid achieved (Sept 2012, MNRE)

Potential


7

Thermal PV

The Indian Energy Portal

estimates that if 10% of land used for solar energy harvesting (from 12.5% available land), the installed solar capacity would be at 8000 GW!

Potential


Potential to be a PV leader!

Source EPIA R. Arun Prasath SEPT20YEAR 2012, Nov 24th, Leipzig 9

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

Indian Govt Initiatives: JNNSM

Install a total of 20GW grid connected power in 3 phases by 2022

Phase 1: 1GW (grid connected / utility scale) power by 2013 (using both Solar PV and Solar thermal), Solar Thermal Collector of 7 million sq m

Phase 2: ~5-‐6GW by 2017, Solar Thermal Collector of 15 million sq m

Phase 3: touch 20GW by 2022, Solar Thermal Collector of 20 million sq m

Scale to 100GW by 2030 and to 200GW by 2050, and beyond!


10

Installed Capacity in 2012

R. Arun Prasath SEPT20YEAR 2012, Nov

11


Wind and other RE Power in India: Indian Govt Initiatives: Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

National Action Plan on Climate change

REC Mechanism by CERC 2010 regulation

India ranks fifth in wind power in the world, 15 GW as on Sept 2012, -

The estimated potential of wind energy is around 50 GW to 1000 GW ~ employ 75K by 2020

Bio-energy potential 51 GW , aims ~ 10 GW by 2022 (agro waste and energy plantation crops)

Biofuel ~ aims 20% blend of biodiesel/ bioethanol by 2017 and WtE potential ~ 5 GW ~ employ 561K by 2020 (all bio-energy )

SHP potential ~ 15 GW ~ employ 30K by 2020

Renewable energy in India

Capital Cost-‐ Lowering the cost of manufacture

Fluctuating radiation and lack of authentic radiation data

Lack of trained man power-‐ inexperienced and insufficient manpower, lack of institutional training, etc.

Policy Single tariff for entire country, local/state policy does not link central policy

Financial-‐ Banks are skeptic, low return due to

high competition, no specific feasibility study before bid.

Uniform supply across the states

Lack of costumer awareness

RE promotion Challenges !


13

Logistic Land availability issues (land accusation bill!), marginal farmers, power evacuation, grid network and stability, etc.

Environment: up to 48 deg C in Rajasthan, Dust storm-‐ dry and semi desert areas, hard water and salty water, etc

Lack of collaborative goal driven R & D

Lack of clarity on technologies as technologies still evolving -‐-‐Technology innovation is high

Indian R & D is not getting anyway

Lack of real commitment and misuse of subsidy

Corruption & Lack of standards

Off-‐peak seasons reduce cash flow

Real Challenges !


14

RE promotion Challenges !


About 12% (~26 GW) of grid connected power is from renewable power. About 774 MW in the off-‐grid/decentralized

renewable systems Deployment of 44.16 lakh family biogas plants

8846 remote village/hamlets provided with

renewable energy Systems 6.7 lakhs of solar photovoltics home lighting

systems 8.2 lakhs of solar lantern supplied

Major achievements of India

15/31


Largest solar-‐stem cooking system for 50,000

persons/day (in a temple complex at Shirdi) The MNRE programmes established first biogas bottling

segment, (at Talwade village in Nashik, Maharashtra with filling capacity of 16 cylinders per day with 9 kg of biogas) Largest size solar dishes at BG Chitale Dairy, Bhilawadi,

Dist Sangli, Maharashtra for milk pasteurization Demonstration of the use of biofuels, zero emission

vehicles under research, development and demonstration programmes

Various research organizations supports R&D in RE and promotes green energy business

Major achievements of India

36/43

SME s fact

Micro, small, and medium enterprises constitute to almost 90% of the total industrial establishments in India

accounts ~ 45% of the industrial production and 40% of the total exports in the manufacturing sector.

It employs an estimated around 60 million persons Ministry of MSMEs to train 500 million people by 2022

Contributes nearly around 10% in total GDP

Dominated sectors in India

Agricultural Inputs, Food Processing, Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals, Engineering; Electricals; Electronics Electro-‐medical equipment, Textiles and Garments Leather and leather goods, Meat products, Bio-‐engineering, Sports goods, Plastics products, Auto Components, Gems & Jewellery Sea-‐ Food, Pumps ,Ceramic Tiles & Sanitary Ware, Computer Software, services etc.

SMEs role in RE promotion

17 R. Arun Prasath SEPT20YEAR 2012, Nov 24th, Leipzig


Why SEMs in India should look for RE-particularly in rural areas?

SMEs role in RE promotion

Use of outdated technologies BEE estimates of saving of 25-‐30 per cent of the total energy SME contributes to nearly 70 per cent of industrial pollution ~ above 50% power usage compared to heavy industry Frequent power cuts (10 hr to 18 hr/day!) RE unprecedented growth in the last decade -‐-‐-‐huge potential for (a) equipments / products,

and (b) services. Low-‐end products (such as inverters, auxiliary equipments) -‐expertise in low-‐end products Promote rural economic growth, reduce the adverse environmental impacts, reduce carbon foot

print, promote sustainable development, and become a leader in renewable energy technologies for rural areas


19

Govt. programs-‐ Ministry of Power, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), etc. -‐ promote rural electrification through SMEs.

MNRE -‐ a separate ministry to promotes renewable energy for rural applications through schemes-‐ remote village electrification, village energy security projects, solar power and hydro project scheme, family type biogas plants, national biomass cook stoves initiatives, decentralised renewable energy for villages, hybrid renewable technologies, etc.

Non-‐Profit organizations/International bodies in association with government agencies promote renewable energy through SMEs

Schemes with subsidy with Small Industry Development Bank of India (SIDBI), Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (CLSS), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development , etc.

In National Solar Mission, it is asserted The SME sector forms the backbone for manufacture of various components and systems for solar systems.

to harvest the renewable energy because of strategic geographic location and world young population.

Power cut (10-‐18 hr/day!)

SMEs -‐RE promotion potential


20

SMEs -‐RE promotion potential

Currently about 50% of MSMEs are in closer stage due to power crisis!


SMEs -‐RE promotion models

Successful models: Biomass gasification systems for thermal application-‐ textile dyeing, food processing, etc Solar-‐grid hybrid models for sewing machines (REEEP supported project with SELCO + SEWA BANK) SME clusters model to promote EE and RE (Several units together to install solar power plant) Linking the technology with businesses that support livelihood in rural areas, e.g, TERI model Off-‐grid/micro grid systems are appropriate for rural energy supply (Village Level Entrepreneur)

Cluster Model: UNIDO's ongoing projects + BEE has initiated EE and RE in selected in 12 selected energy-intensive MSME clusters

The sectors covered: Brass, Ceramics, Dairy, Foundry and Hand Tools


22

Lack of awareness Limited access to information, knowledge and technology Lack of network within SMEs Fragmentation of policies across several government agencies Limited access to finance technological and market uncertainty are particularly high, raising risk premiums Lack of capacity of SMEs in adopting clean technologies Training facilities and innovation in RE field is very less and hence very few SMEs are interested in it.

SMEs -‐RE promotion challenges


23

Under-‐pricing and detrimental subsidies on conventional energy favor unsustainable patterns of consumption and greater emissions Remote communities are difficult to reach (increased costs for sales, after-‐ sales service; repair; question of spare parts availability). Supply-‐side barriers barriers in the supply chain for the delivery of EE/RE technology and services. Demand-‐side barriers barriers restricting the level of demand for EE/RE technology and services. Barriers to national uptake barriers restricting the national uptake and implementation of EE/RE technology and services. Policy barriers barriers in the policy and knowledge within governmental institutions for the implementation of EE/RE technology and services-‐ No REC for off-‐grid projects! There are caps

SMEs -‐RE promotion challenges

Pondicherry


24

Pondicherry


25

Pondicherry


26

Pondicherry


27

Pondicherry

R. Arun Prasath SEPT20YEAR 2012,

Nov 24th, Leipzig 28

Thank you for your kind attention!

Dr. R. Arun Prasath Assistant Professor Laboratory for Energy, Materials and Sustainability Centre for Green Energy Technology Pondicherry University, India Office: +91 0413 2654963 Mobile: +91 9487769611 email: [email protected], [email protected] Fax:+91 0413 2656758 Web: http://www.pondiuni.edu.in/profile/dr-r-arun-prasath-0


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