LEONARDO DA VINCI

Ainhara GarcíaMarina Suso

Sandra Castillero

LEONARDO DA VINCILeonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath whose areas

of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, poetry, and cartography

considered one of the greatest painters of all time , being regarded by many as the prime exemplar of the "Universal Genius" or "Renaissance Man"

EARLY LIFELeonardo was born on April 15, 1452, in the

Tuscan hill town of Vinci.

He was the illegitimate son of Messer Piero (notary) and Caterina (a peasant that may have been a slave from the Middle East.

His full birth name was "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci" ("Leonardo, son of (Mes)ser Piero from Vinci").

His father had married a sixteen-year-old girl named Albiera, who loved Leonardo but died young.

His early life has been the subject of historical conjecture.

Vinci Town

Young Leonardo

VERROCHIO’S WORKSHOP●at fourteen, Leonardo was apprenticed to one

of the most successful artists of his day: Verrocchio (Andrea di Cione).

● He learnt in Verrochio’s workshop, where he got: an education in the humanities, a vast range of technical skills of: drafting, chemistry, metallurgy, metal working, plaster casting, leather working, mechanics and c carpentry; artistic skills of: drawing, painting, sculpting and modeling.

model for two works and collaborated with Verrocchio on his “Baptism of Christ” as well as with many of his other paintings.

Andrea di Cione (Verrochio)

Baptism of Christ

PROFESSIONAL LIFE. 1His earliest known dated work is a drawing in

pen and ink of the Arno valley

Leonardo had his own workshop

He worked in Milan between 1482 and 1499, where much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro.

He was later on employed in Venice, as a military architect and engineer, devising methods to defend the city from naval attack.

On his return to Florence in 1500, he and his household were guests of the Servite monks at the monastery of Santissima Annunziata and were provided with a workshop

monastery of Santissima Annunziata

Arno Valley

PROFESSIONAL LIFE. 2

Leonardo entered the service of Cesare Borgia, (son of Pope Alexander VI) acting as a military architect and engineer

Many of Leonardo's pupils or followers in painting included: Bernardino Luini, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio and Marco D'Oggione.

His father died in 1504

In 1508, he was back in Milan, living in his own house in Porta Orientale in the parish of Santa Babila.

Porta Orientale (parish of Santa Babila)

Cesare Borgia

OLD AGE

He spent much of his time living in the Belvedere in the Vatican (Rome).

In 1516, he entered François' service, being given the use of the manor house Clos Lucé near the king's residence at the royal Chateau Amboise

It was here that he spent the last three years of his life, accompanied by his friend and apprentice, “Count Francesco Melzi”

Leonardo died at Clos Lucé (France) on May 2, 1519 with his head being held by the King

He was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in the castle of Amboise

Codex Atlanticus, a twelve-volume set of his drawings and notes, was published after his death.

Clos Lucécastle of amboiseFrancesco Melzi

SOME FAMOUS

PAINTINGSLa Gioconda (1502-1517)

Medusa (1568)Autorretrato (1512)

San Juan Bautista

(1513)

La Última cena (1495-1498)La Dama del Armiño

(1489-1490)La Virgen De

Las Rocas (1483-1486)

LEONARDO DA VINCI’S INVENTION EXAMPLES

FLYING MACHINESFLYING MACHINE

also known as the "ornithopter”

inspired by the flight of winged animals (specially bats)

Leonardo got the idea looking at a kite when he was young

PARACHUTEHe drew the canopy

triangular leading many to question whether it would actually have enough air resistance

In 2000 Adrian Nichols constructed a prototype based on Da Vinci’s design and tested it. (the one we have today)

ANEMOMETER device used for

measuring wind speed,

common weather station instrument.

term is derived from the Greek word anemos (wind),

Used in meteorology

HELICOPTER (propeller)

first actual helicopter wasn’t built until the 1940s

made of linen and wire

the said screw wouldl make its spiral in the air and rise high.

designed to compress air to obtain flight

WAR MACHINESARMOURED CAR

capable of moving in any direction and was equipped with a large number of weapons.

most famous of da Vinci’s war machines

designed to intimidate and scatter an opposing army

Inspired by a turtle shell

Leonardo suggested in his notes the thought of using horses for power (but were rejected because animals are unpredictable)

Scholars found a basic engineering flaw in the machine and suggested that, pacifist at heart, Da Vinci might have sabotaged his own design to discourage the war machine from every being built.

GIANT CROSSBOWDa Vinci understood that the fear weapons could

instill in enemies was just as important than the damage they could actually inflict. (this theory inspired the design of many of his

weapons)

Leonardo’s crossbow instead seems to be designed to fire large stones or possibly flaming bombs.

a soldier spins a crank to pull back the bow and load the artillery. And then knock out a holding

pin and fire the weapon.

ARCHITECT INNOVATIONS

CLOCK

Leonardo’s clock had two separate mechanisms: one for minutes and one for hours.

.The clock also has a dial for keeping track of moon phases

He also included details like diamonds and rocks.

COLOSSUS

Duke of Milan commissioned da Vinci to build the largest horse statue in the world.

24-foot bronze statue with 80 tons of bronze

He had to invent and oven, some canons and molds

Unfortunately, King Charles invaded France and to hold off the french army, the Duke offered a bribe of Leonardo’s bronze

The project was cancelled and leonardo said: "I will speak of the horse no more."

In 1977, Charles Dent decided to revive da Vinci’s Colossus project and give it as a gift to Milan, Italy

WATER AND LAND MACHINESSCUBA GEAR

da Vinci designed his scuba gear for sneak attacks on enemy ships from underwater while working on Venice.

Air was provided from the opening of the tubes to the diver below

It was equipped with a valve-operated balloon that could be inflated or deflated and a pouch for the diver to urinate in.

REVOLVING BRIDGE

Designed for Duke Sforza

could be quickly packed up and transported for use by armies on the move to pass over bodies of water.

bridge would swing across a stream or moat and set down on the other side

Many other bridges were designed for Duke Sforza by Leonardo

THE PROPELLER(HELICOPTER)

“Leonardo da Vinci’s helicopter” is a world renowned example of his ability to think centuries ahead of his time.

Leonardo invented the propeller in 1493, and it was 450 years earlier than an actual helicopter would take to the air

It is the first known drawing of any helicopter-like machine. (engines had not been invented yet and humans have nowhere near the power to weight ratio required for them to produce enough energy to lift themselves against the force of gravity.

PROPELLER INVENTION

● Leonardo was inspired when studying or examining the seeds of the Maple Tree as a kid. It is likely that he imagined if it would be possible for the seed to rise if it was spun instead of spinning as it fell.

● He could also have been inspired by Archimedes’ Screw.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPELLER The main blade was 2 meters

in diameter and the structure would be held together by reeds.

It was designed to work by having two men standing in the central circular platform. Each man would take hold of a wooden shaft and walk around the central shaft. This would rotate the “blades” of the helicopter and supposedly produce flight.

PARTS OF THE PROPELLER2 MAIN PARTS

HELICAL ROTOROn a structure of reeds and wood, it is coupled spiral fabric that has been starched linen to cover her pores. The outer edge of the spiral is reinforced with a metallic edge .The central mast carries fixed four bars , the crew would have to push to keep the rotor spinning.

● FIXED DISC BELOW THE ROTORThis disc serves for the crew walking on it while pushing the rotor bars , getting it to rotate with respect to the base .

SUCCESS OF THE PROPELLERIt had some limitations that did not allow the propeller work:

To raise the weight of the structure it had not been enough to force four men. A powerful modern engine had been necessary .

Leonardo also had in mind that at the time of rise from the ground , the fixed disk of the base begin to rotate in the opposite direction to the rotor . He would have needed his helicopter tail rotor, (as modern helicopters) to prevent rotation of the base.

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