Lesson 1 What is Coronary Artery Disease? Coronary Artery
Disease also known as Coronary Heart Disease
Slide 3
What is Coronary Artery Disease? According to the National
Heart Lung and Blood Institute Coronary Artery Disease is a
condition in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries.
Coronary arteries supply the heart with blood that is oxygen rich.
Figure A shows a normal artery with normal blood flow. Figure B
shows an artery with plaque buildup.
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Cad/CAD_WhatIs.html
Slide 4
Coronary Artery Disease Cont Reduction in Coronary artery blood
flow may result in Ischemia- depriving heart of oxygen Myocardial
hibernation- myocardial perfusion is chronically reduced.
Infarction- death to tissues Collateral circulation- possible
systemic blockage.
http://naz-medical-kamptee.over-blog.com/article-28751473.html
Slide 5
How do we develop plaque in our arteries? Plaque consists of
fat, cholesterol and calcium. Atherosclerosis is another name for
plaque build up in the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a progressive
disease characterized by plaque formation. Atherosclerosis cause
lipoproteins and fibrous tissue to accumulate in the artery wall.
In the blood stream, lipids are transported attached to proteins
called apoproteins. High levels of these apoproteins increase the
risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Slide 6
Cholesterol Cholesterol is a major component of the plaque that
clogs arteries. Desirable levels of total cholesterol levels should
be around 200 or less. The optimal level for LDL aka bad
cholesterol is less than 100. LDLs are a major component of the
atherosclerotic plaque that builds in the arteries. The optimal
level for HDL aka good cholesterol is greater than 40. HDLs help to
carry LDLs out of the body via liver for excretion.
Slide 7
Risk Factors Non-ModifiableModifiable Age- Over 50 years of
age. Sex- Men prone to earlier onset, Women after menopause due to
lack estrogen. Race- African American Family History- CAD, HTN, DM
Personal Medical History. Hypertension- Elevated blood pressure
typically higher than 140/90. Serum Cholesterol- previously
discussed. Obesity-BMI > 30. Diabetes Mellitus- uncontrolled by
patient. Physical Inactivity Cigarette Smoking Alcohol Intake
Slide 8
Cigarette Smoking and Obesity Smoking effects on the
cardiovascular system are dose dependent. Stopping smoking reduces
risks of developing CAD by 50%. Second hand smoke increases risk by
30%. Obesity is body mass index greater than 30kg9m2. Physical
activity has positive effects; for example lowering blood pressure,
lipids, insulin levels, and weight.
http://www.autogassolutions.co.uk/lpg-downloads/no-smoking-sign
Slide 9
Alcohol Consumption Alcohol consumed in small amounts can act
as a vasodilator, in which lowers blood pressure. 1-2 Drinks is
considered a small amount. Alcohol consumed in larger amounts can
act as a vasoconstrictor, in which increases blood pressure. 3-4
Drinks is considered a large amount.
http://antibioticsandalcohol.net/