Lesson 10 for June 7, 2014

A covenant is an agreement between two parties. It is based on promises made by either one or by both parties.

There are two methods by which a covenant can operate:

1. Unilateral. One party stipulates the terms, and the other party just participates or is benefited. Sabbath is a unilateral covenant (Genesis 2:3).

We can individually choose to participate. We already benefit from the covenant after the

Flood God promised to never destroy the earth with water again.

2. Bilateral. Both parties to the covenant agree to the terms of the relationship and make mutual promises.

“And God said: “This is the sign of the covenant which I make between Me and you, and every living creature that is with you, for perpetual generations: I set My rainbow in the cloud, and it shall be for the sign of the covenant between Me and the earth. It shall be, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the rainbow shall be seen in the cloud; and I will remember My covenant which is between Me and you and every living creature of all flesh; the waters shall never again become a flood to destroy all flesh.” (Genesis 9:12-15)

How are the sign and the covenant related?

Signs are reminders of the covenant, so the parties remember the terms .

When we see the rainbow, we remember that God covenanted that He will never again destroy the earth with water.

When Laban and Jacob saw the pillar of Galeed (Genesis 31:44-53), they remembered the terms of their covenant.

“That at that time you were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world.” (Ephesians 2:12)

God prepared an eternal covenant with human race “before the foundation of the world” (1 Peter 1:20), just in case we sinned.

God explained that love covenant to Adam and Eve (Gen. 3:15). It was re-introduced several times in our history:

1. God’s covenant with Abraham. 2. God’s covenant with Israel on

Sinai. 3. Jesus’ new covenant with us.

This is God’s eternal covenant: He offers us salvation, and we are called to just accept the terms.

“And I will establish My covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you in their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and your descendants after you. Also I give to you and your descendants after you the land in which you are a stranger, all the land of Canaan, as an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.” (Genesis 17:7-8)

The promise

• Worldly blessings to Abraham’s descendants, and spiritual blessings to humankind (Gen. 22:18)

The sign

• “and you shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskins.” (Gen. 17:11)

The terms

• “walk before Me and be blameless.” (Gen. 17:1)

Keeping the covenant

• “just as Abraham ‘believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.’” (Gal. 3:6)

The promise

• Same as Abraham’s.

The sign

• The tablets of the law, the ark, the bread, the salt… (Dt. 9:9; Num. 10:33; Lev. 24:8; Num. 18:19)

The terms

• “This day the Lord your God commands you to observe these statutes and judgments; therefore you shall be careful to observe them with all your heart and with all your soul.” (Dt. 26:16)

Keeping the covenant

• Believing in the Lamb of God through the blood from the sacrifices.

“So he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights; he neither ate bread nor drank water. And He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments.”

(Exodus 34:28)

Many of the laws (including the 10 commandments) were already kept before Sinai (Gen. 7:2; Gen. 26:5)

This is usually known as the “old covenant.”

“And this I say, that the law, which was four hundred and thirty years later, cannot annul the covenant that was confirmed before by God in Christ, that it should make the promise of no effect.” (Galatians 3:17)

On Sinai, the eternal covenant God introduced to Abraham 430 years before became tangible through the sanctuary and the sacrifices.

“If man had kept the law of God, as given to Adam

after his fall, preserved by Noah, and observed by

Abraham, there would have been no necessity for the

ordinance of circumcision. And if the descendants of

Abraham had kept the covenant, of which

circumcision was a sign, they would never have been

seduced into idolatry, nor would it have been

necessary for them to suffer a life of bondage in Egypt;

they would have kept God’s law in mind, and there

would have been no necessity for it to be proclaimed

from Sinai or engraved upon the tables of stone. And

had the people practiced the principles of the Ten

Commandments, there would have been no need of the

additional directions given to Moses.”

E.G.W. (Patriarchs and Prophets, cp. 32, pg. 364)

THE OLD COVENANT

Circumcising the foreskin.

Commandments are written on

tablets of stone.

Sins are forgiven through the

blood of animals.

THE NEW COVENANT

Circumcising the heart (Ro. 2:20)

Commandments are written on

the hearth (Heb. 10:16)

Sins are forgiven through the

blood of Christ (Heb. 9:14)

“And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.” (Hebrews 9:15)

The old and the new covenant are too similar to be considered different covenants.

What’s the difference between both covenants? Which terms from the old covenant are annulled in the new one? Which ones are kept?

Since the covenant was made before the foundation of the world, then nothing must be annulled. The covenant has just been transformed by Jesus’ death at the cross.

“But now He has obtained a more excellent ministry, inasmuch as He is also Mediator of a better covenant, which was established on better promises.” (Hebrews 8:6)

When we take up our part of the covenant, we are benefit from living a life according to its law.

Which are the covenant benefits?

Forgiveness of sins (Acts 26:18) Continuous spiritual renewal

(2Co. 4:16-18) The solid promise of eternal life

(Jn. 5:24; 1Jn. 5:11-13) Living as if we are already sitting in

the heavenly places (Eph. 2:6)