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FIRST AIDAntonio Antonio

MOTIVATION

Have you seen or experienced an accident but the hospital was too far and you were the only person in the area? What did you do? Do you have anidea how to attend to emergency cases?

DISCUSSIONS

First aid is an immediate care given to the individual. It is administeredbefore the arrival of a professional medical practitioner or while the victim isbeing transported to the nearest hospital or clinic.

GUIDELINES IN GIVING EMERGENCY CARE (The Philippine National RedCross)

Emergency Action Principles

1. Survey the scene.“The scene is safe, there is only one victim.” “I am_____, a trained first aider, may I help?” 

2. Activate medical assistance or transfer facility.“Help! Please activate medical assistant or call an ambulance and report back to me as I assess the victim”:

3. Do primary survey of the victim.

• Check for responsiveness (tap the shoulder)“Hey! Hey! Ma’am / Sir are you ok?” 

• Check for Airway (Head Tilt Chin Lift Maneuver) Adult – Maximum Head Tilt Chin Lift PositionChild – Neutral PositionInfant – Neutral Position

“The mouth and nose are clear, there is no obstruction.” • Check for Breathing (Look, Listen and Feel) 5 seconds

OBJECTIVES

• Discuss the principles of Basic Life Support.

• Differentiate Rescue Breathing from Cardio Pulmonary

Resuscitation.• Determine when to apply the procedure in BLS.

• Apply the proper guidelines in emergency care.

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(Count 1, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005) If the victim is breathless, give 2initial ventilations.

7 Ways to Ventilate the Lungs

1. Mouth to Mouth2. Mouth to Nose3. Mouth to Mouth and Nose4. Mouth to Stomach

5. Mouth to Face Shield6. Mouth to Mask7. Bag Mask Device

Check Circulation: (locate and palpate pulse) 10 secondsCount 1, 1002, up to 1010 Adult and Child – Carotid pulseInfant – Brachial pulse

Respiratory Arrest is the condition in which breathing is stops or is inadequate.

CPR is applied to victim that has no signs of circulation and no signs of 

breathing. B.P.Adult/Child/Infant CPR: 5 cycles (30 compressions, 2 ventilatorymaneuvers) - for 2 minutes1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1 –breath, breath1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2 –breath, breath1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,3 –breath, breath1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,4 –breath, breath1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,5 –

breath, breath After CPR recheck the pulse – LOOK, LISTEN and FEEL (count:1,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006, 1007,1008,1009,1010).

Rescue breathing is applied to the victim that has a signs of circulation andbut no signs of breathing: B+P

(count:1,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010)

If the victim has signs of circulation but no breathing.

“Please follow up medical assistant and report back to me as I do rescue

breathing.” Adult RB: 24 cycles-for 2 minutes

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Breathe – 1, 1002, 1001- breathe1, 1002, 1002- breathe1, 1002, 1003- breathe1, 1002, 1004- breathe1, 1002, 1005- breathe

1, 1002, 1024- breathe After Rescue Breathing recheck the pulse – LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL

(Count: 1,1002,1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010).

Child/Infant RB: 40 cycles - for 2 minutes

Breathe – 1, 1001- breathe1, 1002- breathe1, 1003- breathe1, 1004- breathe1, 1005- breathe

1, 1040- breathe After Rescue Breathing recheck the pulse – LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL

(count: 1,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010).

Figure 0 Check for

Airwa s

Figure 2 Check for

Breathin

Figure 3 Check for

Circulation

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4. Do Secondary survey of the victim. If the victim has signs of circulationand breathing:

“The victim is revived!” 

Do the recovery position (figs. 7 and 8) and head to toe examination andcontinue monitor the victim until medical assistance arrives.

Figure 4 Hand position for

CPR

Figure 5 Pumping Position

CPR

Figure 6 Pumping Position

for infant

Figure 7 Preparing the hand and feet

for Recovery positionFigure 8 Recovery Position

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GOLDEN RULES IN GIVING EMERGENCY CARE

When possible think for the worst. Before administering first aid identifyyourself to the victim relatives or companion. Provide comfort and emotionalsupport, respect the victim’s, modesty and physical privacy, stay calm anddon’t panic. Attend first to the most serious injuries. Ask onlookers to get or move away from the injured person to have good ventilation and loosen tightclothing when the victim has difficulty in breathing.

You should not let the victim see his/her own injury, avoid unrealisticpromises. Stay on the victim except to get help. Do not trust the judgment of aconfused victim and require them to make decision.

GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. What are the four action principles?2. Enumerate what to do in giving emergency care.3. Enumerate what not to do in giving emergency care.4. How do we ventilate the lungs?5. When do we apply CPR?

ACTIVITIES

A. Rescue breathing1. Perform Rescue Breathing following the procedures based from the

previous discussion.1.1 Checking the airway _______ x .15 = _______ 

1.2 Checking the breathing _______ x .15 = _______  

1.3 Checking Circulation _______ x .15 = _______  2. Applying breathing _______ x .50 = _______  

3. Positioning the body into recovery. _______ x .05 = _______ Total = _______ 

B. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation1. Perform Rescue Breathing following the procedures based from the

previous discussion.1.1 Checking the airway _______ x .15 = _______ 

1.2 Checking the breathing _______ x .15 = _______  

1.3 Checking Circulation _______ x .15 = _______  2. Applying CPR _______ x .50 = _______  

3. Positioning the body into recovery. _______ x .05 = _______ Total = _______ 

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TEST – First Aid

Name ________________________________ Major ___________________ Date ____________ Section _____________________ Score ___________ 

I. Enumeration

5 What to do during emergency

1. _________________________________ 

2. _________________________________ 

3. _________________________________ 

4. _________________________________ 

5. _________________________________ 

5 What not to do during emergency

6. _________________________________ 

7. _________________________________ 

8. _________________________________ 

9. _________________________________ 

10. ________________________________ 

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5 Ways to ventilate the lungs

11. ________________________________ 

12. ________________________________ 

13. ________________________________ 

14. ________________________________ 

15. ________________________________ 

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Basic Life Support and Standard First Aid Manual, The Philippine National Red Cross

Collado, Jose, Fire Safety in the Home, Bureau of Fire Protection

Hand Book for Boys, Boy Scouts of the Philippines