How did Mary try to How did Mary try to restore Catholicism? restore Catholicism?

PersuasionPersuasion

The Latin translates: "Partners both in throne and grave, here rest we two

sisters, Elizabeth and Mary, in the hope of one resurrection."

Who’s who in religion during Mary’s Who’s who in religion during Mary’s reign?reign?

Stephen Gardiner

Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor – imprisoned during Edward’s reign

Simon Renards Imperial ambassador from Charles V

Reginald Pole

Cousin of Mary’s. Became papal legate with brief to restore Catholicism

Charles V

Holy Roman Emperor – Mary’s cousin and PhilipII’s father – Mary maintained correspondence with him

/ father figure

Julius III Pope wanted lands returned to Church

Paul IV

Pope from 1555 – anti-Habsburg therefore clashed with England

Who’s who in religion during Mary’s Who’s who in religion during Mary’s reign?reign?

Stephen Gardiner Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor – imprisoned during Edward’s reign

Simon Renards Imperial ambassador from Charles V

Reginald Pole Cousin of Mary’s. Became papal legate with brief to restore Catholicism

Charles VHoly Roman Emperor – Mary’s cousin and Philip II’s

father – Mary maintained correspondence with him / father figure

Julius III Pope wanted lands returned to Church

Paul IVPope from 1555 – anti-Habsburg therefore clashed

with England

AimsAims

Steps taken by Mary I to move England towards Catholicism

The pendulum swings back again – The pendulum swings back again – how Catholic was England by how Catholic was England by 1558?1558?

1529? Before Act of Supremacy1547? Before the Edwardian

Reformation

PersuasionPersuasion

Act of repeal – removed Edwardian reformation back to 1547 and Six Articles

Mary gave up title of Supreme Head of the Church

Lands guaranteed to Parliament which allowed the heresy laws – many of the lands were actually held by Catholics

Cardinal Pole returned to England – would eventually become Archbishop of Canterbury

Twelve Decrees issued on clerical discipline

War on wordsWar on words

Censorship – proclamations forbade the printing of certain works and an index of banned books was drawn up

Several Acts made slander of Mary and Philip punishable as treason

Commissions to check on heresy

Table exercise

Key PointsKey Points

1. Mary succeed in returning the English church to Rome in an organisational sense.

2. However Protestant beliefs remained in parts of England.

3. Supported by Cardinal Pole and council.

4. Use of persuasion and persecution.

5. Used Parliament but had to bow to pressure not to restore monastic lands.

6. Marian government did not maximise propaganda opportunities.

7. Burnings effect was probably limited and potentially counter productive.

8. Reputation as ‘bloody Mary’ largely due to Protestant propaganda in Elizabeth’s reign notably John Foxes Book of Martyrs

9. Failure to secure an heir meant that it was ultimately a failure as Elizabeth would move England back to Protestantism.

Homework complete Homework complete table exercise on table exercise on

historians views of Mary historians views of Mary I.I.

Avoid paraphras

ing

Avoid making

comments without supporting detail

Author/Purpose/Motive/Contextual Knowledge/

Subjective/Objective/Hindsight

Content/tone/extent/level/positive/negative/key words/reasons/motives/cau

se/effect/response

COMPARISON QUESTION