+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

Date post: 03-Apr-2018
Category:
Upload: janray1988
View: 242 times
Download: 1 times
Share this document with a friend

of 50

Transcript
  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    1/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 1

    Hardware of

    Personal ComputersTopic 4

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    2/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 2

    Part 1:

    Introduction

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    3/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 3

    What are Basic Hardware ofa Personal Computer?

    1. Monitor

    2. Motherboard

    3. CPU (Microprocessor)

    4. Primary storage (RAM)

    5. Expansion cards

    6. Power supply

    7. Optical disc drive

    8. Secondary storage(Hard disk)

    9. Keyboard

    10. MouseFigure 1. Basic hardware of a PC.

    (Wikipedia, 2007a)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    4/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 4

    What is a Hardware?

    Hardware is the general term that is usedto describe physical artifacts of atechnology.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    5/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 5

    Classification of Hardware

    Input

    Devices

    1

    Processing

    Unit

    2

    StorageDevices

    3

    Output

    Devices

    4

    Figure 2. Classification of Hardware.

    Key: Data flow

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    6/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 6

    Part 2:

    Input Devices

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    7/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 7

    What is an Input Device?

    A hardware mechanism that transformsinformation in the external world forconsumption by a computer. (Wikipedia

    2007b)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    8/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 8

    Input Devices

    Keyboard for the input of text and charactersand also to control the operation of acomputer (Wikipedia 2007c)

    Mouse a pointing device by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to itssupporting surface. (Wikipedia 2007d)

    Scanner a device that analyzes images, printedtext, or handwriting, or an object andconverts it to a digital image(Wikipedia 2007e)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    9/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 9

    Input Devices

    Microphone an acoustic to electric transducer orsensor that converts sound into anelectrical signal. (Wikipedia, 2007f)

    WebCam a real-time camera (usually, thoughnot always, a video camera) whoseimages can be accessed using theWorld Wide Web (Wikipedia, 2007g)

    DigitalCamera

    an electronic device used to captureand store photographs electronicallyin a digital format (Wikipedia, 2007h)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    10/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 10

    Part 3:

    Processing Unit

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    11/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 11

    What is a Processing Unit?

    A central processing unit (CPU), isthe component in a digitalcomputer that interprets computerprogram instructions and

    processes data. (Wikipedia, 2007i)

    There are 2 major CPUmanufacturers for personalcomputers.

    Intel

    http://www.intel.com/

    AMDhttp://www.amd.com

    Figure 3. Intel Celern 2.66GHz CPU (Front)

    Figure 4. Intel Celern 2.66GHz CPU (Back)

    http://www.intel.com/http://www.amd.com/http://www.amd.com/http://www.intel.com/
  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    12/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 12

    How fast is a CPU?

    When you choose a CPU,you should consider itsspeed.

    The speed of a CPU isdetermined by 2 mainfactors.

    Clock frequency

    Amount of cachememory

    The higher the value, thefasterthe CPU will be.

    The clock frequency of

    a CPU

    Figure 5. The clock frequency of a CPU.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    13/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 13

    What are Intel CPU Families forDesktop Computers?

    There are 3 Intel CPU families for desktopcomputers:

    1. Core Processorhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/index.htm

    2. Pentium Processorhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/pentium.htm

    3. Celeronhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/celeron.htm

    http://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/index.htmhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/pentium.htmhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/celeron.htmhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/celeron.htmhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/pentium.htmhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/index.htm
  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    14/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 14

    What are AMD CPU Families forDesktop Computers?

    There are 3 AMD CPU Families for DesktopComputers:

    1. Athlon 64 FX

    http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9488,00.html

    2. Athlon 64 x 2 Dual Corehttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_13041,00.html

    3. Athlon 64http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9487,00.html

    http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9488,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9488,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_13041,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_13041,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9487,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9487,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9487,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9487,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9487,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_13041,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_13041,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_13041,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9488,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9488,00.htmlhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9488,00.html
  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    15/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 15

    TASK 1 (Individual work)

    You have learnt some searching skills forsearch engines,now you need to search the basic

    configurations and prices of thefollowing CPUs.

    Please complete TABLE 1 and post it in

    the forum.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    16/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 16

    TASK 1 (TABLE 1)

    Intel CPU AMD CPU

    CPU Model Core 2 DueE6700

    CeleronD356

    Athlon 64FX 51/940

    Athlon 64ADA 3200-

    CN

    ClockFrequency(GHz)

    CacheMemory L2(MB)

    Price (HK$)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    17/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 17

    TASK 2 (Group Work)

    You are divided into groups of 4.

    Discuss the above CPU models, whichare suitable forhome PC oroffice PCused.

    Give brief reasons.

    Please post your group discussion resultsin the forum.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    18/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 18

    What is a motherboard?

    A motherboard is thecentral circuit boardmaking up a personal

    computer. (Wikipedia,2007j)

    Figure 6. A motherboard.CPU

    RAMslot

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    19/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 19

    Motherboard

    A personal computer is built with the CPU, mainmemory, and other essential components on themotherboard.

    Other components such as external storage,controllers for video display and sound, andperipheral devices are typically attached to themotherboard via edge connectors and cables.

    In modern computers it is increasingly commonto integrate these "peripherals" into themotherboard.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    20/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 20

    What is a Video Card?

    A video card is togenerate and outputimages to a display.

    (Wikipedia, 2007k)

    Figure 7. A video card.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    21/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 21

    A Video Card

    If the video card is integrated in the motherboard, it willuse the computer RAM memory (lower throughput). If itis not integrated, the video card will have its own videomemory which is called Video RAM or VRAM.

    The VRAM capacity of most modern video cards rangefrom 128 to 2048 MB (workstation graphics cards).

    In 2006, the VRAM was based on DDR technology,standing out DDR2, GDDR3 and GDDR4. The memoryclock rate is between 400 MHz and 1.6 GHz.

    A very important element of the video memory is the Z-buffer, which manages the depth coordinates in 3Dgraphics. (Wikipedia, 2007k)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    22/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 22

    What is a Sound Card?

    A sound card is a computerexpansion card that caninput and output soundunder control of computer

    programs. Many computers havesound capabilities built inon the motherboard,while others require these

    expansion cards if audiocapability is desired.(Wikipedia, 2007l) Figure 8. A sound card.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    23/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 23

    Part 4:

    Storage Devices

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    24/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 24

    What are Types of Storage Devices?

    Storage Devices

    Primary Storage Secondary Storage

    Read-Only Memory(ROM)

    Random-Access Memory(RAM)

    Figure 9. Classification of storage devices.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    25/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 25

    What is Primary Storage?

    Primary storage is computermemory thatis directly accessible to the CPUof acomputer without the use of computer's

    input/output channels.

    Primary storage is used to store data thatis likely to be in active use. (Wikipedia,

    2007m)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    26/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 26

    What is ROM?

    Read-only memory (ROM)is a class of storagemedia used in computers.

    Data stored in ROM

    cannot be modified. ROM is a non-volatile

    storage. Data remainsunchanged even afterswitching off the

    computer. (Wikipedia,2007n)

    E.g. EPROM, EEPROM

    Figure 10. An EPROM.(Wikipedia, 2007n)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    27/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 27

    What is RAM?

    Random access memory(RAM) is a type of data storageused in computers.

    It takes the form of integratedcircuits that allow the stored

    data to be accessed in anyorder (random).

    Data stored in RAM can bemodified.

    RAM is a volatile storage. Datawill lose after switching off thecomputer. (Wikipedia, 2007o)

    E.g. DDRam, DDR-2 RamFigure 11. Two 512 MB DDRam.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    28/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 28

    What is Secondary Storage?

    Secondary storage is computer memory that isnot directly accessible to the CPU of a computer,requiring the use of computer's input/outputchannels.

    It is used to store data that is NOTin active use.

    It is usually slowerthan primary storage but italways has higher storage capacity.

    It is non-volatile. Data remains unchanged evenafter switching off the computer. (Wikipedia,2007p)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    29/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 29

    Secondary Storage

    3.5 Floppy Disk

    Data can be read orwrite

    Data capacity:1.44 MB (Wikipedia,2007q)

    Figure 12. A floppy disk.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    30/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 30

    Secondary Storage

    Hard Disk

    Data can be read orwrite

    Speed of disk rotationusually 7200 rpm

    Data capacity :

    80GB, 160GB,250GB, 300GB etc(Wikipedia, 2007r)

    Figure 13. A Hard disk.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    31/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 31

    Secondary Storage

    CD-Rom CD-R CD-RW

    Data can

    be

    Read only Read but

    write once

    Read &

    writeDatacapacity(MB)

    650 650 650

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    32/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 32

    Secondary Storage

    DVD DVD-R/DVD+R

    DVD-RW/DVD+RW

    Data can

    be

    Read only Read but

    write once

    Read &

    writeDatacapacity(GB)

    Single layer:

    4.7

    Double layer:

    8.5

    Single layer:

    4.7

    Double layer:

    8.5

    Single layer:

    4.7

    Double layer:

    8.5

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    33/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 33

    What are the Different BetweenDVD-R and DVD+R?

    The DVD-R format was developed by Pioneer inthe autumn of 1997. It is supported by most DVDplayers, and is approved by the DVD Forum.(Wikipedia, 2007s)

    DVD+R was developed in 2002.

    This format is a competing format to the DVD-Rformat, which is developed by the DVD Forum, it

    has not been approved by the DVD Forum,which claims that the DVD+R format is not anofficial DVD format. (Wikipedia, 2007t)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    34/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 34

    Secondary Storage

    Figure 14. A C-R disk.

    Figure 15. A CD-RW disk.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    35/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 35

    Secondary Storage

    Figure 16. A DVD-R disk.

    Figure 17. A DVD+RW disk.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    36/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 36

    Secondary Storage

    USB flash drives

    They are flash memorydata storage devicesintegrated with a USB

    interface. They are typically small,

    lightweight, removableand rewritable. (Wikipedia,2007u)

    Data capacity:512MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB,etc

    Figure 18. An USB flash drive.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    37/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 37

    Secondary Storage

    Memory Cards

    e.g. SD card, CF card,xD card, Microdrive,

    Memory Stick Data can be read or

    write

    Data capacity:512 MB, 1GB, 2GB,4GB etc

    Figure 19. A SD card.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    38/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 38

    Various Types of Memory Cards

    SM Card SD Card CF Card

    xD card Memory Stick Microdrive

    Figure 20. Various types of memory cards.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    39/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 39

    Part 5:

    Output Devices

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    40/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 40

    What is an output device?

    Output devices include any hardware thattranslate information processed by thecomputer into a form that humans can

    understand.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    41/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 41

    Output Devices

    A monitoris a piece of electricalequipment which displays textsand images.

    It generated a temporary record

    because the record disappearwhen power off.

    There are 2 major types ofmonitors: Cathode Ray Tube(CRT) and

    Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)(Wikipedia, 2007v)

    Figure 21. A 14 LCD monitor.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    42/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 42

    The performance parameters of a monitor are:

    1.Luminance

    2.Size, measured diagonallyFor CRT the viewable size is one inch smallerthen the tube itself.

    3.Dot pitch

    Describes the distance between pixels of thesame color. In general, the lower the dot pitch(e.g. 0.24), the sharper the picture will appear.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    43/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 43

    4. Response timeThe amount of time a pixel in an LCD monitor takes togo from active (black) to inactive (white) and back toactive (black) again. It is measured in milliseconds(ms). Lower numbers mean faster transitions and

    therefore fewer visible image artifacts.5. Refresh rate

    The number of times in a second that a display isilluminated.

    6. Power consumption

    7. Display resolutionThe number of distinct pixels in each dimension thatcan be displayed.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    44/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 44

    Output Devices

    A printerproduces a hard copy(permanenthuman-readable text and/or graphics) ofdocuments stored in electronic form, usually on

    physical print media such aspaper. There are 2 major types of printers. They are

    inject printerand laser printer.

    The resolution of a printer is measured in dots

    per inch (dpi). The higher the value, the betterthe quality. (Wikipedia, 2007w)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    45/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 45

    Output Devices

    Inkjet printers operates bypropelling tiny droplets ofliquid inkonto paper.

    They are the most

    common type ofcomputer printer for thegeneral consumer due totheir low cost, high qualityof output, capability of

    printing in vivid colour,and ease of use.(Wikipedia, 2007x)

    Figure 22. An HP Inkjet K5400dnprinter. (HP, 2007a)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    46/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 46

    Output Devices

    Laser printer

    Laser printers employaxerographicprinting

    process. Laser printers are

    available in bothcolourand black &

    white varieties.(Wikipedia, 2007y)

    Figure 23. An HP LaserJet 1022printer. (HP, 2007b)

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    47/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 47

    Task 3 (Group Work)

    You are divided into groups of 4.

    Select ONE laser printerand ONE inkjetprinters

    Compare the features (print speed, printvolume per month, print resolution, printerprice, print cost per page) of the laser

    printer and the inkjet printer. Please post your group discussion resultsin the forum.

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    48/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 48

    Output Devices

    A loudspeakeris anelectromechanicaltransducer which

    converts an electricalsignal into sound.

    (Wikipedia, 2007z)

    Figure 24. Loudspearkers

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    49/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 49

    References

    HP. (2007a). HP Officejet Pro K5400dn. Retrieved July 7, 2007, fromhttp://h10010.www1.hp.com/wwpc/hk/zh/sm/WF06b/1090037-1090093-1095469-1095469-12224252-12973294-

    78107983.html

    HP. (2007b). HP Olaser Jet 1022. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from

    http://h10010.www1.hp.com/wwpc/hk/zh/ho/WF05a/1090037-1090121-1090401-1090401-1091129-12094322.html

    Wikipedia. (2007a). Personal Computer. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer

    Wikipedia. (2007b). Input Device. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_device

    Wikipedia. (2007c). Computer Keyboard. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboard

    Wikipedia. (2007d). Mouse (Computing). Retrieved July 7, 2007, from

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_%28computing%29

    Wikipedia. (2007e). Image Scanner. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_scanner

    Wikipedia. (2007f). Microphone. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone

    Wikipedia. (2007g). Webcam. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam

    Wikipedia. (2007h). Digital Camera. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera

    Wikipedia. (2007i). Central Processing Unit. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cpu

    Wikipedia. (2007j). Motherboard. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard

    Wikipedia. (2007k). Video Card. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_card

    Wikipedia. (2007l). Sound Card. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_card

  • 7/28/2019 Lesson 2 Ppt v6370

    50/50

    Hardwares of Personal Computers 50

    References

    Wikipedia. (2007m). Primary Storage. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_storage

    Wikipedia. (2007n). Read-only Memory. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory

    Wikipedia. (2007o). Random Access Memory. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAM

    Wikipedia. (2007p). Secondary Storage. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_storage

    Wikipedia. (2007q). Floppy Disk. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk

    Wikipedia. (2007r). Hard Disk Drive. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk

    Wikipedia. (2007s). DVD-R. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-R

    Wikipedia. (2007t). DVD+R. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD%2BRWikipedia. (2007u). USB Flash Drive. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usb_flash_drive

    Wikipedia. (2007v). Computer Display. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_display

    Wikipedia. (2007w). Computer Printer. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printer

    Wikipedia. (2007x). Inkject Printer. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkjet_printer

    Wikipedia. (2007y). Laser Printer. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_printer

    Wikipedia. (2007z). Loudspeaker. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeaker


Recommended