Prepositions of place Prepositions of place These are prepositions of place. You saw some of them before. We use IN to talk about things in an enclosed space. We use ON to talk about things on a surface (like a wall) or a line (like a street). We use AT to talk about a special place (for example, where two streets meet) We use these prepositions in common expressions. LESSON 2 LESSON 2 4 4 260 at in on a point an enclosed space a surface at the corner in the room on the wall at the bus stop in Turkey on the desk at the door in the bathroom on the table at home in a car on a bus at work in a taxi on a train at school in a helicopter on a plane at the top in a boat on a ship at the bottom in the sky on the water at the corner in the middle on a horse at the side in the newspaper on the way at in on IN ON AT Lesson Lesson Getting there Getting there 24 24
Transcript
Prepositions of placePrepositions of place
These are prepositions of place. You saw some of them before.
We use IN to talk about things in an enclosed space.We use ON to talk about things on a surface (like a wall) or a line (like a street).We use AT to talk about a special place (for example, where two streets meet)
We use these prepositions in common expressions.
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at in ona point an enclosed space a surfaceat the corner in the room on the wallat the bus stop in Turkey on the deskat the door in the bathroom on the table
at home in a car on a busat work in a taxi on a trainat school in a helicopter on a planeat the top in a boat on a shipat the bottom in the sky on the waterat the corner in the middle on a horseat the side in the newspaper on the way
at in on
IN ON AT
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We can also say on a bus, or on the bus:We say A when we are not talking about a special bus (any bus),We say THE when we are talking about a special bus (this one).
We use BY when we talk about how we travel.We say that we travel by land when we are on land.We say that we travel by sea when we are on the water.We say that we travel by air when we are in the sky.
The pictures are ____________ the wall.Let’s get ______ the bus.He’s ________ the taxi.They are sitting _______ the middle.My parents are _______ their way.They are waiting _______ the bus stop.The car is parked ______ the corner.The children are ______ school.The dog is ________ the garden.We are going to eat dinner _____ a restaurant.
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Articles Countable Countable Non-countableSingle Nouns Plural Nouns Nounsa/an a car cars traffic
(general) an apple apples fruitthe the car the cars the traffic
(special) the apple the apples the fruit
Exercise 1 : Write ten kinds of transportation.
Exercise 2 : Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. Use IN,ON or AT.
Example: Do you sometimes travel by bus?Yes, I usually travel by bus.
When do you usually travel by bus?_________________________________________________
How often do you travel by boat?_________________________________________________
How many times did you travel by plane on your last trip?_________________________________________________
Are you gong to travel by plane this year?_________________________________________________
Do you sometimes travel by bicycle?_________________________________________________
When do people usually ride a bicycle?_________________________________________________
Do you want to have a motorcycle?_________________________________________________
Do you take a taxi often?_________________________________________________
Do you have a car?_________________________________________________
How often do you travel by motorcycle?_________________________________________________
Past TensePast TenseMost verbs are regular. To change to the simple past we add ED to the verb.Look at these verbs to see how we change to the simple past:
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1 rain rained2 exercise exercised3 shop shopped4 study studied5 play played
Basic past
Exercise 3: Answer the following questions.
Notice how we spell these words.Group 1: we use two vowels + one consonant/regular verbs (+ ED) rain rainedGroup 2: we use one consonant + e (+ D) exercise exercisedGroup 3: we use one vowel + one consonant (double the consonant + ED) shop shoppedGroup 4: we use one consonant + y (change y to i + ED) study studiedGroup 5: we use one vowel + y (+ ED) play played
Some verbs do not have ED forms. These are irregular. To change to the simple past we mustremember each verb form.Some very common irregular verbs are do, have and go.To use these in the simple past we change do to did, have to had and go to went.We saw these before.
Look at these sentences:I do my homework.I did my homework.
I have breakfast at 8 o’clock.I had breakfast at 8 o’clock.
I go to school.I went to school.
Here are some irregular verbs that we can use to talk about transportation and travel.
Notice that the simple past form is the same for I, you, he, she, it, we, you, and they.The negative simple past is made with didn’t + the basic part of the verb.
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come came I came home. I didn’t come home.drive drove He drove a car. He didn’t drive a car.eat ate We ate breakfast. We didn’t eat breakfast.fly flew You flew a plane. You didn’t fly a plane.get got They got a car. They didn’t get a car.give gave I gave my ticket. I didn’t give my ticket.leave left He left last night. He didn’t leave last night.ride rode She rode a bike. She didn’t ride a bike.say said It said this. It didn’t say this.see saw He saw the sea. He didn’t see the sea.sit sat You sat on the chair. You didn’t sit on the chair.stand stood We stood on the corner. We didn’t stand on the corner.take took They took the tram. They didn’t take the tram.
Infinitive Simple Past Example of positive past Example of negative past
Let’s look at how we use DID in sentences when we use the simple past tense.DID is a helping verb (we also call it an auxiliary verb). We use this verb when we want to make anegative sentence, or when we want to ask a question. When we make negative sentences we oftenchange DID NOT to DIDN’T.Look at the table to see how we use did in simple past sentences:
When we say a positive sentence, we make it like this:Subject + Main Verb + Complement/ObjectI drove to school.
When we say a negative sentence, we make it like this:Subject + Helping Verb + Negative + Main Verb + Complement/ObjectShe did not (didn’t) drive to school.
When we ask a yes/no question, we make it like this:Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + ComplementDid you drive to school?
Notice that when we make a yes/no question we change the order of the subjectand the helping verb.
The verb to be is different.Look at the table to see how we use to be in simple past sentences:
We do not use a helping verb when we make negative sentences, or when we ask questions. Whenwe ask questions, we change the order of the subject and the verb.Look at these sentences.
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Subject Main Verb Negative Complement/ObjectI, he, she, it was at school
+ You, we, they were at schoolI, he, she, it was not at school
- You, we, they were not at schoolWas I, he, she, it at school?
? Were You, we, they at school?
Subject Helping Negative Main Complement/Verb Verb Object
I drove to school+ You ate a pizza
She did not drive to school- We did not eat a pizza
Did you drive to school?? Did you eat a pizza?
I come to Istanbul every week on the train.You came to Istanbul by train last week.You didn’t come by train yesterday.
He drives his car to work. He drove his car yesterday.He didn’t drive this morning.
Notice the use of the prepositions in and on.We can sit on motorcycles or bicycles when we talk about where we are butWe ride motorcycles or bicycles when we talk about how we travel.We don’t ride on them.
We can sit in cars or ride in them butWe don’t drive in cars. We drive them.
.
Example: I fly in an airplane.I flew in an airplane.I didn’t fly in an airplaine.
I leave the house at 8 in the morning._____________________________________________________________________________________I take my bag and leave the house._____________________________________________________________________________________I drive a car.______________________________________________________________________________________
I ride a motorcycle in summer.___________________________________________
__________________________________________
I eat lunch at noon.___________________________________________
__________________________________________
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Exercise 3: First change the sentences to the past. Then make them negative in the past
I come home at 10 in the evening.______________________________________________________________________________________I sit on the sofa and watch TV.___________________________________________________________________________________Mr. Smith gets his credit card in the mail.______________________________________________________________________________________He buys a plane ticket.______________________________________________________________________________________
He flies to Malaysia. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
Last year, my family _____________________ a trip. We_________________ a plane from Istanbul. First, we rode to the airport__________________ a bus. There _____________________ manypeople on the bus. My father _________________ I stood.__________________ mother sat. Then my father carried the tickets__________________ our passports. I carried ___________________baggage! We ____________________ to the departure lounge. My mother gave_______________ boarding passes to a man there. The plane _________________ after twohours. We ___________________ to Athens, Greece. We ____________________ breakfast onthe plane. They _________________ bacon, but I _________________ eat it. I_________________________ rivers, mountains and the sea. It _________________ a good trip.
My sister __________________ I went ______________ Cappadocia last spring. I___________________ a bus to her house. Then we _____________________ her car to Goreme.People live ___________________ caves there. I wanted to __________________ a bicycle,_______________ the streets go up big hills. We ______________________ in a balloon over thevalleys. We stood in ________________ balloon and looked at _____________________ country-side. Wow! We ___________________ a lot from the sky! It _________________ great!
Ali and ___________________ brother __________________ a taxi to the docks. They went
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Exercise 4: Complete the sentences in the stories.
____________________ ferry to Italy. The ferry captain said he used to sail a ship________________ the Atlantic _____________________. On the platform at the station, they satby a woman ____________________ America. They __________________ hello in English. They__________________ the train to Rome. They _________________ lots of mountains. They__________________ home after a week.
ReadingReading
1). Was Johnson City a good place to live?
2). What did it have?
3). How many taxis were there?
4). How many buses were there?
5). How did people go to work?
6). Are things different now?
7). Why are things different?
8). How many taxis are there now?
9). How many buses are there now?
10). Is it safe to ride a bicycle to work now?
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J ohnson City was a good place to live. It had many cinemas, shops andstores.There were only two taxis. There were three buses. There was no train.
People walked to work. Some people rodebicycles. It was quiet.
Now, things are different. There is a new fac-tory. There are many new people. There aremany cars. There are 12 taxis now. There are 5buses. It is dangerous for people to ride a bicy-cle. Johnson City is not a good place to livenow.
Read the story and answer the questions
ANSWER KEY Lesson 24
Exercise 1 : Write ten kinds of transportation.a car a bicyclea motorcycle a busa helicopter an airplanea taxi a traina metro a ferryExercise 2 : Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. Use IN,ON or AT.
Example: I’m __at__ home.
The pictures are on the wall.Let’s get on the bus.He’s in the taxi.They are sitting in the middle.My parents are on their way.They are waiting at the bus stop.The car is parked on the corner.The children are at school.The dog is in the garden.We are going to eat dinner in a restaurant.
Exercise 3: Answer the following questions. More answers are possible.
When do you usually travel by bus?I usually travel by bus on weekdays.
How often do you travel by boat?I travel by boat once a year.
How many times did you travel by plane on your last trip?I travelled three times by plane on my last trip.
Are you gong to travel by plane this year?Yes, I’m going to travel by plane tis year.
Do you sometimes travel by bicycle?I never travel by bicycle.
When do people usually ride a bicycle?People usually ride a bicycle in summer.
Do you want to have a motorcycle?No, don’t want to have a motorcycle.
Do you take a taxi often?I take a taxi twice a week.
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Do you have a car?No, I don’t have a car.
How often do you travel by motorcycle?I seldom travel by motorcycle.
Exercise 4: Change the sentences to the past. Use the simple past.
Example: I fly in an airplane.I flew in an airplane.
I leave the house at 8 in the morning.I left the house at 8 in the morning.I didn’t leave the house at 8 in the morning.
I take my bag and leave the house.I took my purse and left the house.I didn’t take my purse and didn’t leave the house.
I drive a car.I drove a car.I didn’t drive my car.
I ride a motorcycle in summer.I rode a bicycle in summer.I didn’t ride a bicycle in summer.
I eat lunch at noon.I ate lunch at noon.I didn’t eat lunch at noon.
I come home at 10 in the evening.I came home at 10 in the evening.I didn’t come home at 10 in the evening.
I sit on the sofa and watch TV.I sat on the sofa and watched TV.I didn’t sit on the sofa and didn’t watch TV.
Mr. Smith gets his credit card in the mail.Mr. Smith got his credit card in the mail.M. Smith didn’t get his credit card in the mail.
He buys a plane ticket.He bought a plane ticket.He didn’t buy a plane ticket.
He flies to Malaysia.He flew to Malaysia.He didn’t fly to Malaysia.
Exercise 5: Complete the sentences in the stories.
Last year, my family took / went on a trip. We took a plane from Istanbul. First, we rode to theairport on a bus. There were many people on the bus. My father and I stood. My mother sat.Then my father carried the tickets and our passports. I carried the baggage! We went to thedeparture lounge. My mother gave the / our boarding passes to a man there. The plane left aftertwo hours. We flew / went to Athens, Greece. We had / ate breakfast on the plane. They hadbacon, but I didn’t eat it. I saw rivers, mountains and the sea. It was a good trip.
My sister and I went to Cappadocia last spring. I took a bus to her house. Then we drove / wentin her car to Goreme. People live in caves there. I wanted to ride a bicycle, but the streets go upbig hills. We rode in a balloon over the valleys. We stood in the balloon and looked at the coun-tryside. Wow! We saw a lot from the sky! It was great!
Ali and his brother took a taxi to the docks. They went by ferry to Italy. The ferry captain said heused to sail a ship on the Atlantic Ocean. On the platform at the station, they sat by a womanfrom America. They said hello in English. They took the train to Rome. They saw lots of moun-tains. They returned / came home after a week.
ReadingReading1). Was Johnson City a good place to live?
Yes, it was.
2). What did it have?It had shops, stores and cinemas.
3). How many taxis were there?There were two taxis.
4). How many buses were there?There were three buses.
5). How did people go to work?They walked to work.
6). Are things different now?Yes, they are.
7). Why are things different?There is a new factory. There are new people.
8). How many taxis are there now?There are 12 taxis now.
9). How many buses are there now?There are 5 buses.
10). Is it safe to ride a bicycle to work now?No, it isn’t
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vocabulary listvocabulary listNOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS PREPOSITIONS CONJ UNCTIONSair be beautiful before about andairplane call big finally around becauseairport come common now at butbacon can enclosed today by orballoon carry extra usually in whenbicycle do funny into wherebike drive happy onboarding pass eat last toboat exercise round withbus fly singlebus stop get on specialcaptain giveconductor gocountryside happen QUESTION WORDSdock have howferry know whathelicopter leave wherehighway let whojacket like whylake lookline makemotorcycle needmuseum playocean practicepassport putpilot rainport readrail rideride sailrider sayship seesky shopspace sitstation speakstreetcar standtaxi studyticket talktourist taketrack traveltraffic usetrain visittransportation walktramtrip
