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Expressions of quantity are wordsthat describethe numberor amountof a noun.

Example:

some rice

a few apple

many people

little sugar

They are usuallyused in front of a noun.

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They can alsobe used alone - without a noun.

ONLY- when the meaning is clear.

When both speaker and listenerknowwhat the expression

of quantity refers to.

These expressionsfunction as PRONOUNS.

Lilyis seven years old. Sheis pretty.

I want some apple. I dont have any.

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A:I need some yellow paper.

B: I dont have any. Ask Matt. I think he has some.

any and some are used withouta noun

It is clearly understood that:

any= any yellow papers

some= some yellow paper

anyused in question & negative sentences

someused in positive sentences

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A:I need some apples.

B:I dont have any. Maybe Ali has some.

A: I need a lot of money.

B: I dont have much. You can ask my mother. She has some.

A: Please give me a few apples.

B:Im sorry. I have very few.

A: I understand youre a football fan. Have you gone to a lot of

football games?

B: Yes. Ive gone to many. I saw threejust last week.

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There are 25 desks in room 204. How manyare there in room

207. (many = many desks)

2. A: Im hungry. Do we have any apples?

B:I think there aresome in the refrigerator.

3. A: Im hungry. Do we have any bread?

B:I think there is somein the refrigerator.

4. A: Do you have any envelopes?B:I think there are somein the upper right-hand drawer of my

desk. If you cant find anythere, look on the bookcase next

to my desk.

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5. A: Do you take sugar in your coffee?

B:No, but I usually add a little to my tea.

6. A: Amy, do you have any lined paper for a three-ring notebook?B:How muchdo you need?

A: I dont really need a lot. A little will do. I need just a few sheets.

7. A:There arent any erasers for the chalkboard in this room.

B:I can borrow a couple from the classroom next door.

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2. A: Im hungry. Do we have any apples?

B:I think there aresome in the refrigerator.

some = some apples

3. A: Im hungry. Do we have any bread?

B:I think there is somein the refrigerator.

some = some bread

4. A: Do you have any envelopes?

B:I think there are somein the upper right-hand drawer of mydesk. If you cant find anythere, look on the bookcase next

to my desk.

some = some envelopes/ any = any envelopes

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5. A: Do you take sugar in your coffee?B:No, but I usually add a little to my tea.

a little = a little sugar

6. A: Amy, do you have any lined paper for a three-ring notebook?

B:How muchdo you need?

A: I dont really need a lot. A little will do. I need just a few sheets.

much = much lined papers / a lot = a lot of lined papers

7. A:There arent any erasers for the chalkboard in this room.B:I can borrow a couple from the classroom next door.

a couple = a couple of eraser

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A: I need some black tapes? (Nonspecific)B: I dont have any, but Jack has some.

A: Where are theblack tapes that were on my desk?(Specific)

B: Rita has them.

Object Pronounsfor PLURAL COUNT NOUNS

Nonspecificsome / any

Specificthem

1: Speakers are not talking about specific tapes.2: Speakers are talking about specific tapesthe tapes on the

desk

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A: I need a black tape? (Nonspecific)

B: I think you can get onefrom Jack.

A: Where is theblack tape that was on my desk?(Specific)

B: Rita has it.

Object Pronounsfor SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS

Nonspecificone

Specificit, her, him

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A: Would you like some coffee? (Nonspecific)

B: No thanks, I just had some. I dont want anyright now.

A: Your cup is empty. What happened to your coffee?(Specific)

B: I drank it.

Object Pronounsfor NONCOUNT NOUNS

Nonspecificsome or any

Specificit

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Object pronouns for PLURAL COUNT NOUNS:

Nonspecific: some or any

Specific: them

Object pronouns for SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS:Nonspecific: one

Specific: it, her, him

Object pronouns NONCOUNT NOUNS :

Nonspecific: some or any

Specific: it

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To make a warning or a strong suggestion

Use had better + base form

Youd better + get up! Youre going late to work.

Youd better +

study. If not you are going to fail. Shed better + work hard or she going to regret.

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Had better does not havesin the third-person singular.

It is not followed by to

Your son works harder

Your son had to work harder Your son hadto better worksharder.

Your son had better work harder

She works harder

She had to work harder Shed to better worksharder

Shedbetter work harder

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To form the negative of had better, place notafter hadbetter

Wed better not go out tonight.

Shed better not sleep late night.

The boy had better not go out tonight.

She had = Shed