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Lesson 6 Interference of Neurotransmitter functionVCE PSYCHOLOGY Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016Study design dot pointthe effects of chronic changes to the functioning of the nervous system due to interference to neurotransmitter function, illustrated by the role of GABA in Parkinsons disease.

What you need to know and be able to do:Explain the symptoms of Parkinson's diseaseExplain the role of GABA in Parkinson's diseaseExplain the role of Dopamine in Parkinson's disease

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Question from last lessonMultiple choice activityWrite in Books

Neurotransmitter interruption Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016Neurotransmitter interruption can occur from an imbalance or deficiency in a particular type of neurotransmitter. Causes of neurotransmitter interruption may be naturally occurring or self induced. Common causes include:Alcohol and drugsDiet and nutritionStressGenetics

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The side effects are many and varied, some can be permanent and others short term. All relate directly to the type of neurotransmitter impacted. Some side effects include:

Some of these effects are chronic, while others are temporary Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016Mental HealthDisorders

Addiction

Immobility

Weight Lossor Gain

Side effects of neurotransmitter interruption

Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016Neurotransmitter deficiencies can in many cases be treated through drugs and medication, artificially replacing the lost neurotransmitter.The biggest problem with this is that it does not help the natural production, in fact in can suppress it further.Treating neurotransmitter interruptions

Image reference: http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-409605523/stock-vector-neuron-vector-illustration-isolated-on-a-white-background.html?src=F9UMeXgIOIxJM0wWxeFbmQ-1-325

Deficiency in serotoninSerotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that involves stabilising mood.Without it individuals suffer emotional disturbances that can result in schizophrenia. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Deficiency in dopamineDopamine is an excitatory neuron involved in drive, motivation and motor movement.Without it, individuals can suffer from depression. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

What is Parkinsons diseaseParkinsons disease is a progressive degeneration of the nervous system characterised by tremor and muscle rigidity. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

https://www.flickr.com/photos/pahudson/6719675893/in/photostream/Michael J Fox - speaking at Lotusphere 2012Paul Hudson

Video source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECkPVTZlfP8MJ Fox interview (2.15 min) Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

What causes Parkinsons disease?Low levels of dopamine causes movement problemsLow levels of GABA have now also been found which explains why dopamine treatments (such as L-dopa) only have short term effects

Further reading:https://hms.harvard.edu/news/challenging-parkinsons-dogma-10-24-12

Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Exit Questions

Fast five - Question 1What does the term chronic mean? Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 1 (Answer)What does the term chronic mean?

Answer:Long time. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 2Name two ways that neurotransmitters can be interrupted. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 2 (Answer)Name two ways that neurotransmitters can be interrupted.

Answer:Alcohol and stress. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 3Name two side effects of neurotransmitter interruption. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 3 (Answer)Name two side effects of neurotransmitter interruption.

Answer:Mental health problems and weight gain. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 4Name two neurotransmitters that are linked to the onset of Parkinsons disease. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 4 (Answer)Name two neurotransmitters that are linked to the onset of Parkinsons disease.

Answer:Dopamine and GABA. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 5What is Parkinsons disease? Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 5 (Answer)What is Parkinsons disease?

Answer:Progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016