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Lesson II: Sicilia Adjectives Accusative Nouns
Lesson II: Sicilia
AdjectivesAccusative Nouns
fama
famae
f.
report, fame
familia
familiae
f.
family
fortuna
fortunae
f.
fortune, luck
puella
puellae
f.
girl
terra
terrae
f.
earth, land
vita
vitae
f.
life
bonus, bona, bonumgood
durus, dura, durumhard
magnus, magna, magnum
great, large, big
parvus, parva, parvumsmall, little
amant
they love, like
portant
they carry
An adjective is a word used to describe a noun. We say that anadjective modifies its noun.
In English, an adjective does not change. We say “the good dog” or “the good dogs” but not “the goods dogs.”
But in Latin, an adjective changes its ending to agree with the noun it modifies in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE.
Think GNC!
Gender: masculine, feminine, neuterNumber: singular, pluralCase: Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative.
In Latin, adjectives usually follow their nouns, but because an adjective mustagree with its noun in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE, its position is less important than in English.
magna silva a large forestmagnae silvae large forestsaquam bonam good water
Remember, the noun is the boss! Whatever gender, number, and case the noun is, the adjective must be also.
An adjective may be used directly with a noun, as in the previous examples, or it may be used in the predicate, like this:
Magna famila est bona. A large family is good.Magnae silvae sunt bonae. Large forests are good.
The vocabulary lists and Latin dictionaries will give you the 3 nominativeforms of Latin adjectives: masculine, feminine, and neuter. It’s important to learn all 3 of these.
parvus, parva, parvum smallmagnus, magna, magnum great, large
Time To Practice!
• Workbook page 7, #’s 1-5.
fama
famae
f.
report, fame
familia
familiae
f.
family
fortuna
fortunae
f.
fortune, luck
puella
puellae
f.
girl
terra
terrae
f.
earth, land
vita
vitae
f.
life
bonus, bona, bonumgood
durus, dura, durumhard
magnus, magna, magnum
great, large, big
parvus, parva, parvum
small, little
amant
they love, like
portant
they carry
Finding Direct Objects• A direct object follows an ACTION verb (not a linking verb
like “is” and “are”).• The direct object is the noun that receives the action of
the verb.• The girl pets the cat.• (Ask: what does the girl pet?)• Direct object: CAT• The boy feeds the dog.• (Ask: what does the boy feed?)• Direct object: DOG
Finding Direct Objects
• The choir sang a song.• Subject----choir• Direct object----song• The paramedic drove the ambulance.• Subject---paramedic• Direct object---ambulance• The girls like the forest.• Subject----girls• Direct object----forest
The Accusative Case
The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence.Remember that the accusative endings of the first declension nouns you’ve learned so far have –am in the singular and –as in the plural.
Case Singular PluralNominative a aeGenitive ae arumDative ae isAccusative am asAblative a is
Accusative Direct Objects• The girls like the forest.• What is the subject? Girls• Girls=Subject• Subject=Nominative• Girls=Nominative• What is the direct object? Forest• Forest=direct object• Direct Object=accusative• Forest=accusative• Puellae silvam amant.
Case Singular PluralNominative a aeGenitive ae arumDative ae isAccusative am asAblative a is
Time to practice!
• Tell the case, number, and ending for the red words in these sentences:
• The girl is my friend.• Shelia is a girl.• The girls went to the mall.• I saw the girls at the mall.
Case Singular PluralNominative (subject) a aeGenitive ae arumDative ae isAccusative (direct obj.) am asAblative a is
-a
-a
-ae-as
nominative sg.
nominative sg.nominative pl.accusative pl.
Practicing Accusative Direct Objects
• The girls like water.• Puellae aqu__ amant.• The families carry water.• Familiae aqu__ portant.• The girls like the roads.• Puellae vi__ amant.• The families carry the girls.• Familiae puell__ portant.
Case Singular PluralNominative a aeGenitive ae arumDative ae isAccusative am asAblative a is
am
am
as
as
Puellae silvam amant.Puellae amant silvam.Silvam puellae amant.Amant puellae silvam.Amant silvam puellae.
ALL THESE SENTENCES MEAN “THE GIRLS LIKE THE FOREST.”
In Latin, WORD ENDINGS are more important than WORD ORDER.Sometimes word order does follow certain rules, esp. in longer sentences.Remember: Endings are everything!!!
What if we took 3 words and just scrambled their order without changing their endings?
Translate the following sentences. “Cornelia” and “Iulia” aregirls’ names.
Cornelia et Iulia familiam amant.
Cornelia et Iulia familiam parvam amant.
Cornelia et Iulia aquam portant.
Cornelia et Iulia aquam bonam portant.
fama
famae
f.
report, fame
familia
familiae
f.
family
fortuna
fortunae
f.
fortune, luck
puella
puellae
f.
girl
terra
terrae
f.
earth, land
vita
vitae
f.
life
bonus, bona, bonumgood
durus, dura, durumhard
magnus, magna, magnum
great, large, big
parvus, parva, parvum
small, little
amant
they love, like
portant
they carry
Sicilia
Sicilia est insula magna in Europa.Magna est fama Siciliae (of Sicily), sed fortuna
Siciliae (of Sicily) non bona est.In Sicilia vita est dura.Terra et aqua sunt bonae, sed familiae sunt magnae.Magnae silvae in Sicilia non sunt.Viae non bonae sed parvae sunt.Vita est dura in Sicilia, et fortuna non bona est.In Sicilia sunt parvae et magnae puellae.Parvae puellae pupas (dolls) amant.Magnae puellae aquam portant.Familiae puellas amant.Familiae Siciliam et famam Siciliae (of Sicily) amant, sed fortunam duram non amant.
