Lesson: Preventive Health Programs

Unit – Veterinary Foundations

Course – Veterinary Science

Mr. Dieckhoff

Vaccinations

The Immune SystemVideo:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWMJIMzsEMg&p=40E41A9D4B85C861&index=31

Vaccines Mimic the Real Disease

Vaccinations

Types Killed – disease agent is dead (rabies), by heat or chemical

Advantages – do not replicateDisadvantage – requires more disease agent, increased risk of

allergic reactions Modified Live – takes agent and changes it to be mild

(attenuation – changing disease)Advantages – replicate once in body, less antigen is requiredDisadvantages – mild infection symptoms (fever), lethargic for

12-24 hours

Inappropriate or too frequent use of a vaccine can be harmful

Vaccinations

Maternal AntibodiesColostrumTemporary (only 6-8 weeks)Don’t vaccinate under 6 weeks old because

clash with maternal antibodiesVery important to make sure mothers are up to

date with vaccinations

Canine Diseases & Vaccinations

DHLPP (Distemper Booster or Distemper Combination)DistemperHepatitisLeptospirosisParainfluenzaParvoCorona (C or CV)

Distemper

Attacks Respiratory and Neurological Systems

Symptoms – thick discharge from

eyeHigh fever

Leads to deathSpread by raccoon,

foxes, coyotes, other dogs

Hepatitis (Type 2)

Infectious Canine Hepatitis

Attacks liver and kidneys

Symptoms –High FeverLoss of appetiteExtreme Lethargy

Leads to death

Leptospirosis

Microscopic corkscrew bacteria

Spread through urineCommon in rural areas

around livestockSymptoms –

Loss of apetite Fever Vomiting

Leads to DeathVaccinate has large side

effects

Parainfluenza

Attacks respiratory system

Combines with Bordetella

Contagious in poor air circulation

Symptoms – Persistent cough

Parvo

Most commonly seen (especially in 1970s)

Attacks digestive system

Transmitted through stool

Symptoms – VomitingBloody diarrheaKills lining of small

intestine

Corona (C or CV)

Mild case of ParvoSymptoms

Diarrhea without blood

Rabies

Concentrates in saliva

Ends in brain (paralysis/death)

Transmitted by foxes, skunks, bats, coyotes

Symptoms – Cannot swallowLarge amount of salivaAggressive temper

Bordetella (Kennel Cough)

Not deadly, but easily spread

Common in kennels, dog shows, groomers

Symptoms – Deep cough

Vaccines – injectable and intranasal

Lyme Disease

Transmitted by ticksHigh in hunting dogsSymptoms –

FeverLamenessSwollen Joints

Giardia

Protozoan found in stagnant water supplies

Symptoms – Severe diarrheaRancid Odor

Cat Diseases and Vaccines

FVRCP (Cat distemper vaccine)Feline Viral RhinotracheitisCalicivirusPanleukopeniaChlamydia (optional)

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)

Symptoms –SneezingDischarge from eyes

and nose

Lifelong symptoms

Calicivirus

Cause oral ulcersSymptoms –

Cold-likePneumonia

Panleukopenia

Feline distemperSpread by water,

urine, fleasSymptoms –

Loss of appetiteLethargyVomitingBloody diarrheaAbortion

Chlamydia

Symptoms –Severe eye infectionSneezing

Rabies (RV)

Same as dogs

Feline Leukemia - FeLV

Inhibits immune system

Caused by facial contact

Symptoms will show secondary disease

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

Transmitted by fecal matter

Ascites (bloated) – fluid build up in belly

Given IntranasellySymptoms –

FeverWeight Loss

Vaccine Schedules

Vaccinating a Puppy Start 6-8 wks of age – physical exam, stool check, deworming,

1st puppy shot Vaccine interval is usually every 3-4 weeks Completion is 16 wks (newer vaccines 12 wks)

Vaccinating an Adult Dog 2 distemper-parvo combination shots spaced 3-4 wks apart Rabies start at 12-16 wks of age, repeat every 1-3 years

Vaccinating a Cat 3-4 week interval Start at 7-9 weeks of age Finish kitten vaccines at 12-16 wks of age

Tips to Handling Vaccines

1. Always keep refrigerated2. Always use new needles or syringes3. Always reconstitute properly4. Multi-dose vials should always be mixed prior to

withdrawing5. Follow Manufacturer’s guidelines6. Never mix inappropriate vaccines7. Do not administer multiple vaccines into the same area8. Inject vaccine slowly9. Rub injected area10. Record type, brand, lot, and serial number of

vaccination

Hearthworm Prevention

An infection of Dironfilaria Immitic

Spaghetti-like wormLive in Blood StreamSymptoms –

CoughingWeigh-LossLabored BreathingSpitting Up BloodDeath

Heartworm Prevention

See handout

1. What are the bodies natural infection fighting molecules called?2. Which type of vaccine is likely to stimulate a more pronounced immune response?3. What is the typical age we can begin to vaccinate a puppy?4. Why might a puppy vaccinated with a modified live virus be lethargic or sleepy for

a day or so?5. List a prominent symptom of each disease:

Distemper Parvo Rabies

6. Which vaccine is sometimes given intranasally to dogs?7. How is Lyme disease spread from one dog to another?8. Of all the dog diseases covered in this section, which ones are transmissible to

people?9. At what age can a kitten receive a rabies vaccination?10. Which disease may cause young cats to get a bloated appearance?11. How is the feline leukemia virus spread from cat to cat?12. FIP, if given, is administered in what location?13. Why do we often wait until 6 or 8 weeks of age before vaccinating a kitten or

puppy?14. How often should the puppy vaccinations be repeated during the initial vaccination

series?15. At what age do we attempt to conclude the puppy or kitten series?16. If a puppy were not brought in until it was 9 weeks of age and it had never been

vaccinated before, at what other ages would the puppy need to come back for additional boosters?

17. When is the rabies vaccination given to dogs? Cats?

Review Questions – 17 Pts