LESSON TWOLESSON TWO

Properties of WaterProperties of Water

and pHand pH

NEXT

Part 1: Properties of WaterPart 1: Properties of Water

Review the following information about the Review the following information about the properties of water to complete your properties of water to complete your flowchart.flowchart.

NOTE: NOTE: Some of the slides will take you to internet Some of the slides will take you to internet

resources filled with additional informationresources filled with additional information Some of the slides may contain links to Some of the slides may contain links to

definitions definitions

NEXT

Molecular Structure & PolarityMolecular Structure & Polarity

Water is a "polar" molecule, meaning that there is an Water is a "polar" molecule, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of electrons resulting in a uneven distribution of electrons resulting in a molecule with a both a positively and negatively molecule with a both a positively and negatively charged region. charged region.

Water has a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom Water has a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom due the unshared pairs of electrons, and partial positive due the unshared pairs of electrons, and partial positive charges near the hydrogen atoms. charges near the hydrogen atoms.

Covalent Bond

**Click on “Covalent Bond” for the definition. NEXT

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bond – the electrostatic Hydrogen Bond – the electrostatic attraction between the partial positive attraction between the partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms and the charge near the hydrogen atoms and the partial negative charge near the oxygenpartial negative charge near the oxygen How one water molecule “sticks” to anotherHow one water molecule “sticks” to another

NEXT

Let’s review so far!Let’s review so far!

Click on the bucket of water below to Click on the bucket of water below to watch the short animation on water.watch the short animation on water.

Click on “NEXT” when you are finished.Click on “NEXT” when you are finished.

NEXT

Surface Tension & Capillary ActionSurface Tension & Capillary Action

Click on the picture of the Click on the picture of the celery to the right to learn celery to the right to learn about surface tension, about surface tension, cohesion, adhesion, and cohesion, adhesion, and capillary action! capillary action!

After visiting the website, click on After visiting the website, click on the arrow to move on to the next the arrow to move on to the next slide.slide.

NEXT

Universal SolventUniversal Solvent

Water is called the "universal solvent" Water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid. than any other liquid. This means that wherever water goes, either This means that wherever water goes, either

through the ground or through our bodies, it through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and nutrients. nutrients.

NEXT

Universal SolventUniversal Solvent

What is the difference between a What is the difference between a solventsolvent, , solute, and a solution? solute, and a solution?

Click on each word to find out!Click on each word to find out!

Click on “NEXT” when you are all finished.Click on “NEXT” when you are all finished.

NEXT

DensityDensity

Ice floats because hydrogen bonds hold Ice floats because hydrogen bonds hold water molecules further apart in a solid than water molecules further apart in a solid than in a liquid.in a liquid. Ice is less dense as a solid than a liquid.Ice is less dense as a solid than a liquid.

NEXT

Heat CapacityHeat Capacity

Water has a HIGH heat capacity (it takes a Water has a HIGH heat capacity (it takes a lot of energy to raise its temperature) lot of energy to raise its temperature)

WHY???WHY??? because the energy needs to first break the because the energy needs to first break the

hydrogen bondshydrogen bonds before it can raise the before it can raise the temperature of the water.temperature of the water.

NEXT

Read the following slides to review what Read the following slides to review what pH is and to complete your pH scale…pH is and to complete your pH scale…

Part 2: Acids and BasesPart 2: Acids and Bases

NEXT

What is pH?What is pH?

pH is a measure of how acidic/basic a pH is a measure of how acidic/basic a solution is. The range goes from 0 - 14, solution is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. than 7 indicates a base.

NEXT

The pH ScaleThe pH Scale1.1. Label your pH scale to show the Label your pH scale to show the

proper ranges of acids, bases, and proper ranges of acids, bases, and neutral.neutral.

2.2. Click on the clipboard to test the pH Click on the clipboard to test the pH value of the substances listed on value of the substances listed on your worksheet. Record their value your worksheet. Record their value by placing the substance at their by placing the substance at their appropriate location on your pH appropriate location on your pH scale.scale.

Click on “NEXT” when you are all finished.Click on “NEXT” when you are all finished.NEXT

Part 3: Review!Part 3: Review!

Now it is time to review what you have Now it is time to review what you have learned in Lesson 2…learned in Lesson 2… Click on the dice below to play the vocabulary Click on the dice below to play the vocabulary

matching game.matching game. If you get stuck, review the list of vocabulary If you get stuck, review the list of vocabulary

words and try again!words and try again!