LESSON17JOSEPH C. BLUMENTHAL

Subordination by Adjective Clauses

The adjective clause is useful in combing sentences when one sentence states an explanatory fact about a noun or pronoun in the previous sentence.

Our yearbook comes out in June. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one It sells for one dollar.dollar.

The second sentence states and explanatory fact about the noun ______ in the first sentence.

The adjective clause is useful in combing sentences when one sentence states an explanatory fact about a noun or pronoun in the previous sentence.

Our Our yearbookyearbook comes out in June. comes out in June. It sells for one It sells for one dollar.dollar.

The second sentence states and explanatory fact about the noun yearbook in the first sentence.

Our yearbook comes out in June. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one It sells for one dollar.dollar.

Which word in the italicized sentence means the same thing as the noun yearbook in the first sentence? ___

Our yearbook comes out in June. Our yearbook comes out in June. ItIt sells for one sells for one dollar.dollar.

Which word in the italicized sentence means the same thing as the noun yearbook in the first sentence? _it_

Our yearbook comes out in June. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one It sells for one dollar.dollar.

To change the italicized sentence to an adjective clause, we put the relative pronoun ____ in place of It.

whichwhich

Our yearbook comes out in June. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one It sells for one dollar.dollar.

To change the italicized sentence to an adjective clause, we put the relative pronoun whichwhich in place of It.

whichwhich

Our yearbook comes out in June. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one It sells for one dollar.dollar.

The clause which sells for one dollar should be inserted in the sentence right after the noun (yearbook, June), which it modifies.

whichwhich

Our Our yearbookyearbook comes out in June. comes out in June. It sells for one It sells for one dollar.dollar.

The clause which sells for one dollar should be inserted in the sentence right after the noun (yearbookyearbook, June), which it modifies.

whichwhich

a.a. Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, comes Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, comes out in June.out in June.

b.b. Our yearbook comes out in June, which sells for Our yearbook comes out in June, which sells for one dollar.one dollar.

In which sentence is the adjective clause properly placed? (a, b)

a.a. Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, comes Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, comes out in June.out in June.

b.b. Our yearbook comes out in June, which sells for Our yearbook comes out in June, which sells for one dollar.one dollar.

In which sentence is the adjective clause properly placed? (aa, b)

a.a. Our yearbook comes out in June and sells for Our yearbook comes out in June and sells for one dollar.one dollar.

b.b. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for one dollar.one dollar.

One sentence is compound; the other is complex.

The sentence that is complex because it contains a subordinate clause is (a, b).

a.a. Our yearbook comes out in June and sells for Our yearbook comes out in June and sells for one dollar.one dollar.

b.b. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, which Our yearbook, which comes out in June, which sells for one dollar.sells for one dollar.

One sentence is compound; the other is complex.

The sentence that is complex because it contains a subordinate clause is (a, b).

a.a. Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar.one dollar.

b.b. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for one dollar.one dollar.

The two facts are brought into closer relationship by the (compound, complex) sentence.

a.a. Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar.one dollar.

b.b. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for one dollar.one dollar.

The two facts are brought into closer relationship by the (compound, complex) sentence.

Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar.dollar.

By using a compound sentence we give (equal, unequal) emphasis to the two facts that the conjunction and connects.

Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar.dollar.

By using a compound sentence we give (equal, unequal) emphasis to the two facts that the conjunction and connects.

You have learned that to subordinate a fact or an idea means to put it into a word group that is (more, less) than a sentence.

You have learned that to subordinate a fact or an idea means to put it into a word group that is (more, less) than a sentence.

The word group that subordinates the fact about price is the (clause, sentence).

Both word groups state a fact about price.

a.a. It sells for one dollar.It sells for one dollar.

b.b. which sells for one dollarwhich sells for one dollar

The word group that subordinates the fact about price is the (clauseclause, sentence).

Both word groups state a fact about price.

a.a. It sells for one dollar.It sells for one dollar.

b.b. which sells for one dollarwhich sells for one dollar

In which sentence is the price of the yearbook subordinated? (a, b)

a.a. Our yearbook, Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, which sells for one dollar, comes out in June.comes out in June.

b.b. Our yearbook comes out in June, and it Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar.sells for one dollar.

In which sentence is the price of the yearbook subordinated? (aa, b)

a.a. Our yearbook, Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, which sells for one dollar, comes out in June.comes out in June.

b.b. Our yearbook comes out in June, and it Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar.sells for one dollar.

A fact or idea gets less emphasis when we put it in a (sentence, clause).

To subordinate a fact or idea is like taking an To subordinate a fact or idea is like taking an article from the front of a showcase and article from the front of a showcase and putting it in the back, where it is less putting it in the back, where it is less conspicuous.conspicuous.

A fact or idea gets less emphasis when we put it in a (sentence, clauseclause).

To subordinate a fact or idea is like taking an To subordinate a fact or idea is like taking an article from the front of a showcase and article from the front of a showcase and putting it in the back, where it is less putting it in the back, where it is less conspicuous.conspicuous.

This complex sentence states two facts: one about price and another about time of issue.

Our yearbook, Our yearbook, which comes out in Junewhich comes out in June, sells , sells for one dollar.for one dollar.

This sentence gives greater emphasis to the fact about (price, time issue).

This complex sentence states two facts: one about price and another about time of issue.

Our yearbook, Our yearbook, which comes out in Junewhich comes out in June, sells , sells for one dollar.for one dollar.

This sentence gives greater emphasis to the fact about (priceprice, time issue).

a.a. Our yearbook, Our yearbook, which comes out in Junewhich comes out in June, , sells for one dollar.sells for one dollar.

b.b. Our yearbook, Our yearbook, which sells for one dollarwhich sells for one dollar, , comes out in June.comes out in June.

One sentence emphasizes the price; the other, the time of issue. Which emphasizes the time of issue? (a, b)

a.a. Our yearbook, Our yearbook, which comes out in Junewhich comes out in June, , sells for one dollar.sells for one dollar.

b.b. Our yearbook, Our yearbook, which sells for one dollarwhich sells for one dollar, , comes out in June.comes out in June.

One sentence emphasizes the price; the other, the time of issue. Which emphasizes the time of issue? (a, bb)

The type of sentence we use depends on the The type of sentence we use depends on the emphasis we wish to give various facts or emphasis we wish to give various facts or ideas.ideas.

If we wish to give facts equal emphasis, we would use a (compound, complex) sentence.

The type of sentence we use depends on the The type of sentence we use depends on the emphasis we wish to give various facts or emphasis we wish to give various facts or ideas.ideas.

If we wish to give facts equal emphasis, we would use a (compoundcompound, complex) sentence.

If we wish to subordinate one idea to another, we would use a (compound, complex) sentence.

If we wish to subordinate one idea to another, we would use a (compound, complexcomplex) sentence.

The italicized sentence provides information about the noun _____ in the first sentence.

Now let’s look more closely into the process of subordinating an idea by changing it to an adjective clause.

Tony read some notices. Tony read some notices. Few students heard Few students heard them.them.

The italicized sentence provides information about the noun noticesnotices in the first sentence.

Now let’s look more closely into the process of subordinating an idea by changing it to an adjective clause.

Tony read some notices. Tony read some notices. Few students heard Few students heard them.them.

Which word in the italicized sentence means the same thing as notices in the first sentence? ____

Tony read some notices. Tony read some notices. Few students heard Few students heard them.them.

Which word in the italicized sentence means the same thing as notices in the first sentence? themthem

Tony read some Tony read some noticesnotices. . Few students heard Few students heard themthem..

To change the italicized sentence to an adjective clause, we put the relative pronoun ____ in place of them.

whicwhichh

To change the italicized sentence to an adjective clause, we put the relative pronoun whichwhich in place of them.

whicwhichh

Since a relative pronoun usually starts an adjective clause, we move which to the front of the clause, before the word ___.

whicwhichh

Since a relative pronoun usually starts an adjective clause, we move which to the front of the clause, before the word fewfew.

whicwhichh

The adjective clause is in its proper position right after the word _____, which it modifies.

Tony read some notices, Tony read some notices, which few students which few students heard.heard.

The adjective clause is in its proper position right after the word noticesnotices, which it modifies.

Tony read some notices, Tony read some notices, which few students which few students heard.heard.

Which clause signal should you put in place of them in changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

which whose whom whowhich whose whom who

Several of Don’s friends play college football. Several of Don’s friends play college football. He went to high school with them.He went to high school with them.

The pronoun them is the object of the preposition with.

Which clause signal should you put in place of them in changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

which whose which whose whomwhom who who

Several of Don’s friends play college football. Several of Don’s friends play college football. He went to high school with them.He went to high school with them.

The pronoun them is the object of the preposition with.

We chose whom rather than who because it is the object of the preposition ___.

whowhomm

We chose whom rather than who because it is the object of the preposition with.

whowhomm

After we move with whom to the front of the clause, we should insert it in the sentence after the word (friends, football), which it modifies.

whowhomm

After we move with whom to the front of the clause, we should insert it in the sentence after the word (friendsfriends, football), which it modifies.

whowhomm

In which sentence is the clause properly placed?

(a, b)

a.a. Several of Don’s friends play college Several of Don’s friends play college football football with whom he went to high school.with whom he went to high school.

b.b. Several of Don’s friends Several of Don’s friends with whom he with whom he went to high schoolwent to high school play college football. play college football.

In which sentence is the clause properly placed?

(a, bb)

a.a. Several of Don’s friends play college Several of Don’s friends play college football football with whom he went to high school.with whom he went to high school.

b.b. Several of Don’s friends Several of Don’s friends with whom he with whom he went to high schoolwent to high school play college football. play college football.

A local firm got the order. A local firm got the order. Its bid was the Its bid was the lowest. lowest.

Which clause signal should you put in place of its in changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

which whose whom whowhich whose whom who

A local firm got the order. A local firm got the order. Its bid was the Its bid was the lowest. lowest.

Which clause signal should you put in place of its in changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

which which whosewhose whom who whom who

In which sentence is the clause properly placed?

(a, b)

whoswhosee

a.a. A local firm whose A local firm whose bid was the lowest got bid was the lowest got the order.the order.

b.b. A local firm got the order A local firm got the order whose bid was whose bid was the lowest. the lowest.

In which sentence is the clause properly placed?

(aa, b)

whoswhosee

a.a. A local firm whose A local firm whose bid was the lowest got bid was the lowest got the order.the order.

b.b. A local firm got the order A local firm got the order whose bid was whose bid was the lowest. the lowest.

A local firm A local firm whose bid was the lowestwhose bid was the lowest got the got the order.order.

The adjective clause is properly placed adjective clause is properly placed because it comes after the noun ___, which because it comes after the noun ___, which it modifies. it modifies.

A local firm A local firm whose bid was the lowestwhose bid was the lowest got the got the order.order.

The adjective clause is properly placed adjective clause is properly placed because it comes after the noun because it comes after the noun firmfirm, which , which it modifies. it modifies.

We can often strengthen a weak compound sentence by changing one of the statements to an adjective clause.

The two facts are brought into closer relationship by the (compound, complex) sentence.

We have a neighbor, and she has her own We have a neighbor, and she has her own private plane.private plane.

We have a neighbor who has her own private We have a neighbor who has her own private plane.plane.

We can often strengthen a weak compound sentence by changing one of the statements to an adjective clause.

The two facts are brought into closer relationship by the (compound, complexcomplex) sentence.

We have a neighbor, and she has her own We have a neighbor, and she has her own private plane.private plane.

We have a neighbor who has her own private We have a neighbor who has her own private plane.plane.

Write the following answers on your Write the following answers on your own sheet of paper.own sheet of paper.

In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

1. We parked next to a fireplug, and nobody had noticed it.

In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

2. Bill Cosby planned the puppet show, and he is very fond of children. (Be sure to put the clause after the word it modifies.)

In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

3. Mrs. Won owned a beagle, and she was very much attached to it. (Try to which.)

In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

4. I have a friend, and her mother is a judge.

In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

5. Some friends arrived suddenly, and we were not expecting them. (Be sure to put the clause after the word it modifies.)

In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

6. The teacher asked a question, and nobody could answer it.

In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

7. Someone made a rude remark, and there was no excuse for it. (Try for which.)

In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause:

8. My sister works for Dr. Mack, and his office is downtown.

a.a. The womanThe woman who owns the lot who owns the lot lives across lives across the street.the street.

b.b. The woman The woman who lives across the streetwho lives across the street owns the lot.owns the lot.

9. Which of the above sentences emphasizes where the woman lives—a or b?

Ron’s mother, Ron’s mother, who bandaged my armwho bandaged my arm, is a , is a doctor.doctor.

10. Rewrite this sentence so as to emphasize the fact that Ron’s mother bandaged my arm and to subordinate the fact that she is a doctor.

You are done!!!You are done!!!