Lesson4-Indiana Water Operator Training

8/8/2019 Lesson4-Indiana Water Operator Training

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Lesson Four

Indiana Water

Operator Training


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Indiana Water Operator Training

Indiana Department of Environmental Management

Indiana Rural Water Association American Water Works Association


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Lesson FourDSL Operators

DSL systems and operators

Distribution system booster pumps

Backflow preventionStorage tank maintenance

System security


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Classification of water distribution systemsand water treatment plants

DSL

Class DSL (distribution system large) includes systemsthat meet one (1) of the following:(A) Serve a population greater than or equal to ten thousand one

(10,001) people, or more(B) Consist of the following:

(i) Storage tanks(ii) Booster pumps to the distribution system(iii) Mechanical devices for movement of water beyond storage

Distribution systems


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Classification of water system operators

Water operator certification qualifications

DSL

Grade DSL is a certified operator qualified to operate a Class DSS,DSM, and DSL water distribution system after havingfulfilled the following requirements:(A) Possess a high school diploma or its equivalent(B) Meet the qualifications of the certification rule(C) Must be able to:

(i) maintain inventories(ii) order supplies and equipment(iii) interpret chemical and bacteriological sample reports


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DSL (continued from previous slide)

(D) Attain one (1) of the following acceptable work experiencerequirements:(i) One (1) year in the operation of a Class DSL water

distribution system(ii) Three (3) years in the operation of a Class DSM water

distribution system(iii) Five (5) years in the operation of a Class DSS water

distribution system(iv) An acceptable number of years of experience approved by the

Commissioner if gained in operation of a combination of the

various classifications of water distribution systems


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Operator-in-Training (OIT)

Grade Operator-in-Training (OIT) is available under the followingguidelines:(1) to a person meeting the following:(A) Currently employed at a public water system with facilities classified

as a Class WT 3, Class WT 4 orClass WT 5 water treatment plantor a DSL water distribution system

(B) has fulfilled the qualifications of the certification rule


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Operator-in-Training (OIT) (continued from previous slide)

(2) In accordance with the following:(A) Until the OIT meets the experience requirement needed for the

classification of treatment plant or distribution system where the OITis accumulating work experience

(B) Operating work must be accomplished under the supervision of acertified operator-in-responsible-charge who must verify to theCommissioner the satisfactory achievement of acceptableexperience by the OIT


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Operator-in-Training (OIT) (continued from previous slide)

(C) An OIT may not:(i) serve as a certified operator in responsible charge(ii) transfer an OIT certification to a water treatment plant

or distribution system with a public water system identificationnumber (PWSID) different than the PWSID for which thecertification was issued;

(iii) hold two (2) treatment plant or distribution system OITcertifications concurrently; or

(iv) renew the OIT certification


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Two types of systems

OpenWater pumped to higher pressure zoneopened to atmosphere

ClosedWater pumped to higher pressure zoneclosed to atmosphere


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Open System

Pump

Zone 1 customers

Zone 2 customers

100 Ft

100 Ft

100 Ft

100 Ft

173 PSI

400 x .433 =

Atmospheric vent


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Closed System

Pump

Zone 1 customers

Zone 2 customers

Example A

Example B

Pressuretank


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Closed Systemover-pressurization &pump damage avoidance

Pump

Zone 1 customers

Zone 2 customers

Pressure reducing valve

Return line


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Backflow prevention

Backflow is an unwanted reversal of flow

Backpressure backflowdownstream pressure increases, orupstream pressure drops

Backsiphonage backflownegative (vacuum or partial vacuum) pressure


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Backflow prevention

Lets review:

A cross connection is any actual or potential connectionbetween a public water supply and a source ofcontamination or pollution


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Backflow prevention

Backsiphonage backflow example

Water main

Top of Hill

Bottom of hill


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Backflow prevention

Backpressure backflow example

1. Factory withcooling water system

2. Maintenance worker turnswrong valve

3. Cooling water makeup pump 70 psi

City water 50 psiCustomers

Water Supply


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Backflow prevention

Control (prevention) devices

1. Air gap 2 times pipe diameter - 1 minimumbest protection available

2. Reduced pressure principle (RP)backpressure and backsiphonage

3. Pressure vacuum breaker (PVB)backsiphonage

4. Atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB)backsiphonage

5. Double check valve assembly (DC)for non-health endangering substances


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Backflow preventionAir gap

Cooling

water orother

processtank

2 timespipediameterair gap1 minimum

Public water supply


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Backflow prevention

RP device

Photo courtesy Watts


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Backflow prevention

PVB device

Photo courtesy backflow-supply.com


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Backflow prevention

AVB device

Photo courtesy backflow-supply.com


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Backflow prevention

DC device

Photo courtesy Watts


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Storage tank maintenance

30-35 different types of tanks

Most popular are:

Welded standpipe

Concrete standpipeConcrete ground levelLeggedPedestal


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Photo courtesy USA Tank Storage Systems


Welded standpipe


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Photo courtesy Natgun


Concrete standpipe


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Photo courtesy Natgun


Concrete ground level


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Photo courtesy Smith Group Consulting, LLC


Legged


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Photo courtesy Gerald Tank & Steel, Inc.


Pedestal


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Safety firstThwart vandalsInspection

ExteriorInterior

Cathodic protectionAltitude valvesSnubbersIsolation valves

VentOverflow pipeAntenna systems


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Safety

Stay off your tank, if you dont know what youre doingA good superintendent can be harder to replacethan an engineer or tank inspector

Not all safety belts are safe for tank workA 6 foot fall can break your back with awaist belt and ropeAlways use the proper climbing equipment

Full harnessRail-mounted belt


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Vandals

Keep them off your tankFencesLadder gates

Good locksFool them


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ExteriorInspection

Check foundations for cracking, spalling,exposed reinforcing metal or settling

Keep vegetation away from foundationsTrim limbs that may scratch surfacesRust stains may indicate leaksInspect vent and overflow screens forholes or debrisCheck for signs of overflow

Check for signs of unauthorized entryLook for loose bolts/nutsCheck for paint flakingLook for rotation/turning of columns/tower


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Interior

Inspection

What to look forInterior roof conditionCorrosion

LeaksSilt depthCathodic protection system condition

When to inspect?Ideally annuallyRealistically every 5 years


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Interior

Inspection (continued)

Best method- Dry

Tank taken out of service

Includes cleaningWastes a lot of waterGreatest potential for personal injuryAllows for the most thorough inspectionMost expensive

It is a pain to drain, for when you dry inspect,you must disinfect


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Interior


Good method Wet Diver

Tank taken out of service

Does not include cleaningNo wasted waterLess potential for personal injuryNot as thorough of inspection as dry methodLess expensive than dry methodSome sanitary concerns (more perceived than actual)


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Interior


OK method Wet Remotely-Operated Vehicle (ROV)

Tank remains in-service

Does not include cleaningNo wasted waterLeast potential for personal injuryLeast thorough inspection methodCheapest methodFew sanitary concerns


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Cathodic protection

Corrosion occurs in water tanks due to electrical currentflow between dissimilar materials

Metal from the inside of the water tank flows into the

water because of the impurities in the water

If a sacrificial piece of metal is placed into the water,and a reverse current is applied, metal flows from theanode instead of the inside of the tank

Remember cathodic protection is not a substitutefor a properly-painted (coated) tank interior

Cathodic protection only helps with the metal in contactwith the water; not the interior roof and upper sides


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Cathodic protection (continued)

Keep current/voltage at recommended settings(check monthly)

At 1.2 volts and higher, hydrogen may start to form

and interior coatings will start to fail

Replace anodes annually or as recommendedby the manufacturer


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Cathodic protection (continued)

Tip of the dayGently tap on the meter faceto make sure the needle is not stuckwhen checking current/voltage


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Altitude valves

One-way or two-way control

Very little maintenance

Usually fails due to debris orplugged snubber

Photo curtsey fluidcontrol.com


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Snubbers

Snubbers are small fittingsthat restrict flows, preventingrapid pressure changes

Snubbers help prevent waterhammer damage to gauges

Snubbers help altitude valvesoperate smoothly

No required maintenance

When gauges or altitude valvesexhibit erratic behavior,

check the snubber first

Photo credit unknown


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Isolation valves

Water tank isolation valves are critical to your system

You cannot take a tank off line (or put it back on line)

if the isolation valves do not work

Just like people, valves need exercising


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Vents

Tank

Atmospheric vent

Keep ventsopen

Keep screensclear


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Overflow pipes

Keep pipe open

Keep screen clean

Maintain spillway

Ponding can cause cross connection

Tank


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Antenna systemsLeasing antenna space = easy $ (sometimes)

Cell phone and PCS - $5K to $20K+ annuallyPublic safety, amateur radio, etc. - $1 annually

Always have a lease agreementNever accept the radio systems standard agreementAlways employ a qualified engineer to review plansand inspect constructionNever allow cables to interfere with climbing andsafety systems

Ask yourselfCan I repaint the tank and keep theradio system operational?Who will remove the system when it is obsolete?


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System security

Vulnerability assessment

Eliminate or mediate vulnerabilities

Emergency response


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System security

Vulnerability assessment

Identify vulnerabilities

Doors

Windows

Hatches

Located in remote area


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System security

Eliminate or mediate vulnerabilities

Identify vulnerabilities

Doors

Windows

Hatches

Located in remote area

Mediation

Install locks & use them

Lock and/or bar

Install locks & use them

Police patrols

FencesAlarmsLightingAsk neighbors to watch(Adopt-a-facility)


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System security

Eliminate or mediate vulnerabilities(continued)

Idea of the day

Few vandalism problems:

Install your own lights

High vandalism:

Rent lights fromfrom the electric company


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System security

Eliminate or mediate vulnerabilities(continued)

1. Deter

2. Detect

3. Delay


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System security

Emergency response


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System security

Emergency response (continued)

911 or local numbers for fire and police

IDEMLocal health departmentCritical usersYour bossPolitical leaders

Nearby water systemsLaboratoriesContractorsChemical suppliersParts/equipment suppliersLocal media

Insurance agent


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System security

Emergency response (continued)

Plan ahead

Be prepared

Remember

Protect people firstProtect property second


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Ok, there is a light at the end of the tunnel.

Were about done.

Are there any questions?


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Self Graded Examination


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10 Minutes


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5 Minutes


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OK

Times Up


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AnswersLesson FourDSL Operators

OpenWater pumped to higher pressure zoneopened to atmosphere

ClosedWater pumped to higher pressure zoneclosed to atmosphere

X


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Backflow is an unwanted reversal of flow

Backpressure backflow

downstream pressure increases, orupstream pressure drops

Backsiphonage backflownegative (vacuum or partial vacuum) pressure

X


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1. Air gap 2 times pipe diameter - 1 minimumbest protection available

2. Reduced pressure principle (RP)backpressure and backsiphonage

3. Pressure vacuum breaker (PVB)backsiphonage

Atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB)backsiphonage

4. Double check valve assembly (DC)

for non-health endangering substances

X


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Stay off your tank, if you dont know what youre doingA good superintendent can be harder to replacethan an engineer or tank inspector

Not all safety belts are safe for tank work

A 6 foot fall can break your back with awaist belt and ropeAlways use the proper climbing equipment

Full harnessRail-mounted belt

X


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Best method- DryTank taken out of serviceIncludes cleaning

Wastes a lot of waterGreatest potential for personal injuryAllows for the most thorough inspectionMost expensiveIt is a pain to drain, for when you dry inspect,you must disinfect

X


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Corrosion occurs in water tanks due to electricalcurrent flow between dissimilar materials

Metal from the inside of the water tank flows intothe water because of the impurities in the water

X


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Snubbers are small fittingsthat restrict flows, preventingrapid pressure changes

Snubbers help prevent water

hammer damage to gauges

Snubbers help altitude valvesoperate smoothly

X


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Tank

X


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X


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1. Deter

2. Detect

3. Delay

X


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Thank you for your participation

Are there any other questions or comments?

Please turn in your:Self-graded examinationsTraining course evaluation formsContinuing education credit reports


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Indiana Water Operator Training

Indiana Department of Environmental Management

Indiana Rural Water Association American Water Works Association


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Contact Information

Instructor:

For additional information concerning this water operatortraining course, please contact:

Indiana Rural Water AssociationOdetta Cadwell, Executive Director317-402-7349

Date post:	09-Apr-2018
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Lesson4-Indiana Water Operator Training

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