GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued support of its partners: ACP Secretariat, Arab Academy, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, China, Denmark, Egypt, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Haiti, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Malawi, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, Yemen, IFRC, UNDP, UN/International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and The World Bank. World Bank Public Seminar "Working Together for Disaster Reduction and Recovery: Lessons from the Recent Disasters" July 29, 2011 Tokyo, Japan By Saroj Kumar Jha, Manager, GFDRR & Team Leader, World Bank Global Expert Team Lessons from Recent Cases and Challenges: Strengthening GFDRR’s Role and Partnership with Japan
Transcript
GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued support of its partners: ACP Secretariat, Arab Academy, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, China, Denmark, Egypt, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Haiti, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Malawi, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, Yemen, IFRC, UNDP, UN/International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and The World Bank.
World Bank Public Seminar"Working Together for Disaster Reduction and Recovery: Lessons from the Recent Disasters"
July 29, 2011Tokyo, Japan
BySaroj Kumar Jha, Manager, GFDRR &Team Leader, World Bank Global Expert Team
Lessons from Recent Cases and Challenges: Strengthening GFDRR’s Role and Partnership with Japan
Multiple Hazard Damage and Loss Profile of the World
The damage and loss from natural disasters is increasing
An alarming trend…
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
• 43 partners (36 Country Governments and 7 International Organisations)
• 21 Official donors
• Managed by the World Bank
A coalition for global disaster reduction
Lessons from large disaster reconstruction programs
Key Success Factors
Strong political commitment from government and sufficient capacity in national and sub-national institutions
An immediate and comprehensive post-disaster needs assessment
Sound planning and investment preparation
Timely access to finance for governments and civil society organizations, with flexibility to reprioritize spending
Lessons from large disaster reconstruction programs (cont.)
Key Success Factors
Effective coordination & partnership between national and local actors and international actors
Transfer of knowledge and best practice between technical communities and affected countries
A transparent and robust results monitoring system
Disaster risk reduction measures for resilient recovery and reconstruction.
Lesson 1: Reconstruction Assistance as Capital Investment for Resilient Development
Normal development
Large Reconstruction
Program
(New) Resilient Development
Model
Source: Government of Indonesia
Lessons from large disaster reconstruction programs (cont.)
Lessons 2: A Comprehensive Reconstruction Programme Promotes Resilient Society
Holistic Reconstruction
& Rehabilitation
Capacity building
Housing
Urban Reconstruction
EducationHealth Livelihood
Rehabilitation Social & Economic
Rehabilitation
Physical Infrastructure
Risk Reduction initiatives
Source: Government of Gujarat, India
Lessons from large disaster reconstruction programs (cont.)
Lesson 3: Beyond “Build Back Better”
New standards Focusing on re-building/houses/assets structure with flood and
Social approach, policies and local wisdom to manage complex issues such as land consolidation/relocation
Financing and delivery system to facilitate timely reconstruction of public assets, both with public fund and insurance
Managing private losses Losses in private assets to be covered by insurance/ re-
insurance Requires regulation and incentive policies
Source: Government of Indonesia
Lessons from large disaster reconstruction programs (cont.)
Lesson 4: Promote and support owner-driven reconstruction
Owner Driven Reconstruction ( 80%) Owner was the prime mover of the reconstruction process and reconstruction
as per the need, pace and choice of the owner Government provided material, technical and financial assistance Multi-hazard resistant reconstruction A sense of acceptance and ownership leading to higher occupancy Knowledge transfer resulting in long-term disaster mitigation capacity
building Insurance of houses, and joint ownership of husband and wife
Public-Private Partnership Programme (20%) Partnership with 80 NGOs on a 50% cost sharing basis
with government Village Council approves location and NGO involvement
Source: Government of Gujarat, India
Lessons from large disaster reconstruction programs (cont.)
Lesson 5: Participatory urban and town planning essential sustainable urban regeneration
Programme implementation - Institutional arrangement Gujarat Urban Development Company as implementation agency at the State level
Setting up Area Development Authorities to facilitate the development process andrehabilitation
Programme design Elaborate mapping done through 19 studies of the affected areas
Preparation of Development Plans (DPs) and Town Planning Schemes (TPS) for urbanareas
Professional agencies for town planning, infrastructure design and supervision
Community participation 1,800 consultative meetings for participation of affected people
in the development and town planning processes
Source: Government of Gujarat, India
Lessons from large disaster reconstruction programs (cont.)
Lesson 6: optimal use of existing organization structures and strong coordination mechanism among them for efficient reconstruction
Creation of a new institutional structure in the form of the Gujarat StateDisaster Management Authority (GSDMA)
A lean and efficient structure, extremely dedicated and committedpersonnel, professional approach and operational flexibility
Organizational interlinkages and optimal use of existing structures
Involvement of expertise and specialized knowledge of institutions andindividuals from other States and countries
Effective coordination mechanism for participation of NGOs, donors andinternational organizations
Commitment of the government at the highest level
Source: Government of Gujarat, India
Lessons from large disaster reconstruction programs (cont.)
Lessons learnt from other disasters, either government or donor or NGO’s owned and contractor driven resulting into dissatisfaction
Looked inwards – our own development paradigm, local implementation and absorption capacity--- hence adopting participatory model through social mobilization, to reconstruct customized buildings; Housing, Health, Education, WATSAN and CLRP’s
It is sustainable, gives sense of ownership, ensures quality construction, customized to needs and instills sense of urgency. Local ownership of reconstruction can ensure good results if provided with the required technical assistance
Source: NDMA, Government of Pakistan
Lessons from large disaster reconstruction programs (cont.)
Main challenges in reconstruction
Disaster Reduction must be a development priority
The burden of secondary disasters’ prevention and manage
work is heavy, and the road is long
The long-term development of disaster areas needs more
support
The catastrophe insurance mechanism needs to be
established
Source: Government of People’s Republic of China
Urgent necessity of risk analysis (soil stability, hydraulics behavior, flood plains mapping), by each municipality
Land use planning review and enforcement considering risk assessments should be the base for the reconstruction process
Some towns need to be completely relocated, because of the high risk generated by landslides, which means a great inter-institutional coordination because is not only about rehousing people, also reviving livelihoods and rebuilding social conditions
New Technologies. e.g. seismic resistance constructions, stilt designed and floating buildings
Promote insurance culture in agriculture and housing
Source: Government of the People’s Republic of China
Main challenges in reconstruction
There is no emergency period where anything goes. Every response is either developmental or counter-developmental; every decision affects everything else.
Distribution of emergency supplies needs to be orderly, involve local leadership, and help enhance social cohesion.
Temporary shelters need to preserve existing social relationships.
Providing survivors with employment and cash transfers early on has had good results.
Donor coordination has always proved to be vital.
Key Considerations
Damage assessments need to be simple and tailored to local construction types, with damage awards closely tied to actual costs.
Reallocating resources from existing projects is less effective than specific reconstruction lending.
Post-disaster operations need to include measures to reduce long term vulnerability.
Post-disaster operations need to deal early and forcefully with land ownership issues.
Avoid permanently relocating neighborhoods for reasons related to less than fully credible claims regarding disaster vulnerability.
Key Considerations
Rebuilding after a disaster must also ensure that social structures are knit together.
Grievance procedures need to be in place from the outset.
Leveraging existing private sector capacity is critical for effective emergency response.
Design and implementation of reconstruction operations need to balance speed with careful assessment of demand and relevance in rapidly changing post-disaster conditions.
Key Considerations
Role of the World Bank in disaster risk management
Overview
• PORTFOLIO: disaster operations account for 12-15% of annual WB portfolio [source: IEG]
• INCIDENCE OF DISASTERS: Climate Change, Population Growth and Urbanization phenomena are increasing the Hazard frequency and Vulnerability
• RISK REDUCTION: Reducing the risk of disasters is far more economical than relief and reconstruction
• KNOWLEDGE-BASED RESPONSE: clients depend on the Bank’s ability to package global expertise and knowledge for effective response
Strategic context of disaster risk management
WB’S STRATEGIC PRIORITIES/ACTIONS IN DRMD
isas
ter
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
• Data collection, hazard and vulnerability monitoring;• Socioeconomic resiliency studies;• Probabilistic risk modeling & mapping;
pooling, etc.);• Appropriation and execution systems.
Risk Identification and Evaluation
Disaster Preparedness & Response
Risk Reduction
Risk Financing
Disaster Recovery
A
B
C
D
E
Environment
Water TransportUrban Development
Social ProtectionAgriculture
and Rural Development
Turkey: Istanbul Municipal Infrastructure Project ($
322 M)
Retrofitting key facilities and infrastructure and strengthening response capacity.
Argentina: Urban Flood Prevention and Drainage
($ 70 M)
Reducing vulnerability through a mix of physical, institutional and financial measures.
Lao PDR: Road Sector Project ($ 27 M)
Includes an emergency contingency fund forrapid response to natural disasters in theroad sector.
Ethiopia: Productive Safety Net Project
($ 480 M)
Includes drought risk financing.
Yemen: Agro-biodiversity and Adaptation($ 4M)
Building capacity to respond to climate variability and change.
Disaster Risk Management
India: National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project ($
255M)
Reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities to cyclone and other hydro meteorological hazards.
Mainstreaming in the World Bank operations
World Bank/GFDRR Partnership with Japan
Japan’s contribution to the Bank’s Disaster reduction agenda had major impact in building capacities in disaster-prone developing countries.
Japan as the global thought leader on disaster reduction has major influence on knowledge and operations of the World Bank.
Japan is one of the largest donors to Bank’s Trust Funds for disaster-related work. (JSDF, PHRD, GFDRR….)
Japanese staff and consultants have made a major contribution to Bank’s dialogue with disaster-prone developing countries.
Japan-hosted regional and international initiatives such as ADRC and IRP have made immense contribution in DRR, Recovery and Reconstruction.
World Bank/GFDRR Partnership with Japan
The Bank is partnering with Japan and other donors to assist developing countries implement the Hyogo Framework for Action(HFA)
Priority Countries of impactAFR: Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Senegal, TogoEAP: Indonesia, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Philippines, VanuatuECA: Kyrgyz RepublicLAC: Haiti, Panama, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, GuatemalaMNA: Djibouti, YemenSAR: Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
More than 40 countries received post-disaster recovery assistance since 2008Bangladesh, Bolivia, Bhutan, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, China, El Salvador, Ghana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lao PDR, Madagascar, Malawi, Myanmar, Namibia, Pakistan, Philippines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Yemen…
World Bank/GFDRR Partnership with Japan
Going forward, Japan and the Bank will partner to raise global understanding of catastrophic disaster risks and build capacities around the world to reduce their impact.
In the death and destruction of 3/11 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami, there are stories of avoided losses and damages that the Bank and Japan will partner to document and disseminate widely.
The Bank will support Japan’s leadership to seek enhanced global commitment and support for disaster reduction through global dialogues, seminars and conferences.
Beyond policies and plans, Japan and the Bank through GFDRR will partner to assist developing countries mainstream disaster reduction into their development plans and investments.
