The international conference organised bythe Academy on 29 and 30 November 2011in Paris dealt with the question of “Airtransport pilots facing the unexpected”*.Intense concentration reigned in a packedhall as the question of crew preparation andthe relevance of information available topilots in the event of unexpected situationsgave rise to impassioned debate. Inparticular the question of whether pilot andcrew training is adequate in the context of arapidly evolving technical and regulatoryenvironment emerged as being of crucialimportance. This and other questions willbe thoroughly dealt with in recommen-dations elaborated over the next fewmonths by the conference programmecommittee under the chairmanship of fellowmember and past president of theAcademy, Jean-Claude Bück.

Moving beyond the specific theme of thisconference, an initiative for which the Airand Space Academy is proud and whichclearly addressed a burning issue, thewider question concerns the future role forhumans in piloting air and space vehicles.As one speaker, himself a test pilot,remarked, future cockpits will need to be

designed to free up crews from routinetasks which can be automated and, on theother hand, facilitate decision-making whenno longer in a normal situation, due to anoutside event or a failure, technical or other,onboard the aircraft. In manned spacemissions, this is already the case, indeedmost flight phases are automated. Buthuman “in situ” presence is still essentialwhen intelligence is needed in order tocome up with the proper solution to aproblem: a tricky repair of the Hubbletelescope for instance (of which fellowmember Jean-François Clervoy has activeexperience) or the “in situ” exploration ofplanet surfaces carried out by Apollo XVII,the only mission to include a professionalgeologist as astronaut.

Experience gleaned from decades ofaviation, and more recently space travel,reveals that human presence is particularlyprecious in the event of abnormal situationsencountered during flight, since the humanbrain’s extraordinary capacity to see thewhole picture enables pilots to reactintelligently to save the mission. Crewtraining of pilots and astronauts mustsupport and develop this capacity for

reaction and the captain and their crewmust have access to information in real timeso that the human brain can make the rightdiagnosis and take the proper decision.This is what design engineers, flyingacademies, ATM training establishmentsand astronaut training programmes shouldbe working at, in a spirit of collaboration andcomplementarity, rather than the simplistic,erroneous idea that pilots will gradually bereplaced by machines.

Editorial: Reflections on the function ofpilots and astronauts

Gérard BRACHETAcademy President

Air and SpaceAcademyNewsletter

No.76January 2012

International version Report of the month Swedish aerospaceactivities p2

ReportAmbition in spacefor Europe p4

Life of the AcademyPrizes and medals p5

Contents

NNeewwsslleetttteerr

* Cf page 6, an account of the conference byJean-Claude Bück

Painting by L. Perinotto

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Report of the month

Sweden has a long tradition within theaerospace industry and is one of the fewcountries that can develop their ownfighter aircraft systems. With the militarymarket as a foundation, Swedish industryhas developed successful civilaeronautical and space activities. Thecommercial air transport market isdominated by SAS. The major players in aeronautics are Saaband Volvo Aero and both have extensivepartnerships, joint ventures or other forms ofalliances with foreign defence industries,mainly in Europe and the US. In the spacefield two companies have joined Europeangroups, RUAG Space and OHB.

AeronauticsSaab is now a defence and security companyand the broad-based product range is focusedon future defence needs and a safer society.There has been a gradual shift in Saab’soperations to be more internationally active,more civil security and more service supplierfocused on solutions. When Saab was founded in 1937, its primaryaim was to meet the need for a domestic

military aircraft industry in Sweden. The“Flying Barrel,” or Saab J 29, was the firstswept-wing jet fighter and the first of its kind inEurope. Then followed Lansen and Draken,the first double delta aircraft. Next cameViggen and now Saab 39 Gripen. Military aircraft production also led tocommercial aircraft production. The Scandia inthe late 1940’s was unsuccessful but startingin 1980 the Saab 340 and later the Saab 2000had more success. More than 500 aircraftwere built. In the 1940’s also automobile manufacturebegan. In 1990 the passenger car divisionbecame an independent company, SaabAutomobile. Between 2000 and 2010 Saab

Automobile was whollyowned by General Motors.In 2000 Saab acquired thedefence group Celsius, andwith it over a century ofSwedish defence industryhistory, like Bofors cannonssince the 19th century. Partsof Saab now trace their rootsback to Philips, Datasaab,Ericsson and AGA. Byacquiring Celsius, Saabbrought a large part ofSwedish defence industry

history together under one roof. Saab is organised into five business areas;:• Aeronautics offers advanced airborne

systems, related subsystems, UnmannedAerial Systems, aerostructures and servicesto defence customers and commercialaerospace industries worldwide.Aeronautics is also responsible fordevelopment, production, marketing, sellingand supporting of the Gripen fighter. Saab isnow a major subsystem supplier and

develops and manufactures structural partsfor large commercial aircraft for Airbus andBoeing.

• Dynamics offers ground combat weapons,missile systems, torpedoes, sensorsystems, unmanned underwater vehiclesand signature management systems.

• Electronic Defence Systems works in thearea of radar and electronic warfare.

• Security and Defence Solutions offersC4ISR systems, Airborne Early WarningSystem, Civil Security systems andsolutions.

• Support and Services offers Maintenance,Logistics and Technical Support.

The most important markets for Saab todayare Europe, South Africa, Australia and theUS. Saab has around 12,500 employees. Themain facilities are located in Linkoping, 200 kmSW of Stockholm. Annual sales amount toaround Euro 2.6 billion. R&D is about 20 percent of sales. Saab is listed on the Stockholmstock market.Volvo Aero has a history which dates back toApril 1930, with a letter of just six short linesordering 40 nine-cylinder radial aircraftengines from a locomotive manufacturer inTrollhattan, Sweden. AB the locomotivemakers promptly formed a new company forthe job. Volvo obtained the majority share ofthe company in 1941 and later became thesole owner. In November 2011 Volvo initiateda process aimed at divesting Volvo Aero in2012. The jet engine era started in the 50’s througha license agreement with Rolls-Royce tomanufacture engines for Swedish fighteraircraft. For the Viggen a new engine wasdeveloped, derived from the commercial Pratt& Whitney JT8D engine. For the Gripen anagreement with General Electric was

In this and following numbers, the Air and Space Academy isaiming to draw up a broad picture of aerospace activities inthe different European countries.

Lennart Lübeck kicks the series off with this article on theaerospace sector in Sweden*.

AERONAUTICS AND SPACE INSWEDEN

Lennart LübeckFormer Président, Swedish SpaceCorporation, Fellow of the Air andSpace Academy

Gripen © Saab AB 2010

* Some facts and figures from company information(© Saab AB 2010, © AB Volvo 2007)

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concluded for a Swedish development of theF404. In 2000 a new agreement was reachedwith GE involving the development andmanufacture of the F414, the first militaryengine programme at Volvo Aero that is notconnected to the Swedish Air Force. Starting in the 70’s the technical capabilitiesgained from the development of militaryaircraft engines were used to build up anexpansive operation for civil engines. Startingwith Pratt & Whitney’s authorization foroverhaul of the JT8 engines, it was followed bycooperation with Garrett on the TFE1042engine and later by partnerships with GE,Snecma, Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce.Today, Volvo Aero is a partner in almost allengine programmes and has specialized inshafts, spools and cases.Volvo Aero has around 3000 employees inSweden, Norway and the US, and a turnoverof approximately Euro 800 million. Theheadquarters are in Trollhattan, 70 km NE ofGothenburg.SpaceWhen space activities were initiated in Europein the early 60’s, the Swedish aeronauticalindustry was in a very strong position basedon the extensive military programmes. It wasalso decided at an early stage that Swedenshould join ESRO. Thus it was only naturalthat a number of space technologyprogrammes were started by severalcompanies. By the 70’s the major playerswere Saab, Ericsson and Volvo. In 1972 thegovernment decided to set up a spaceorganisation which included a state ownedcompany, the Swedish Space Corporation.RUAG Space in Sweden has its origin in Saaband Ericsson. These two companies startedout separately in space and then joined theirefforts in Saab Ericsson Space, which laterbecame Saab Space, which was sold toRUAG in 2008. RUAG Space Swedenspecializes in on-board satellite equipmentincluding computer systems, antennas andmicrowave electronics and adapters andseparation systems for space launchers. Thecompany has a total of approx. 400employees. The headquarters and location fordesign and manufacture of digital electronics,microwave electronics and antennas is inGothenburg. Design and manufacture oflauncher adapters, satellite separationsystems, satellite structures and soundingrocket guidance systems is located inLinkoping.Volvo Aero started its space activities by

manufacturing thrust chambers for the Vikingengines of the Ariane launch vehicle. Withspecialization on combustion chambers,cooled nozzles and supersonic turbines, thisled to a rapidly growing technical role, whichinvolved participation in all generations of theAriane launcher. Recently Volvo Aero hasbeen working on a full size regenerativelycooled nozzle extension for both the Vulcain 2engines and the PWR RL60 engine, usingown developed laser welded channel walltechnology. For the Vinci engine Volvo Aero isresponsible for the turbines for both the LH2and LOX turbopumps.

SSC, Swedish Space Corporation, was setup by the Swedish government to manage anational sounding rocket programme and tobe in charge of Esrange, the launch range inNorthern Sweden near Kiruna, which wastaken over from ESRO in 1972. Over theyears, SSC became active and successful inmany fields of space technology and earthobservation, including the design of entirespace missions. Eight scientific satellites weredeveloped, including the SMART-1 moonprobe for ESA, and the ODIN observatory, stillin operation. Along side France and GermanySSC embarked on a programme for TVbroadcasting satellites which werecommercially very successful and eventuallysold to SES.After the sale of the satellite development divi-sion to OHB in 2011, SSCfocuses on worldwidesatellite managementservices, rocket andballoon system develop-ment and launches, satel-lite subsystems andairborne maritime surveil-lance systems. The staff ofSSC is now approx. 600persons.OHB Sweden is thecompany set up in 2011when OHB acquired theSpace Systems Division

from SSC. OHB Sweden’s currentprogrammes include an essential share in thedevelopment and construction of SGEO, asmall general purpose geostationary satelliteplatform, the lead management of theSwedish Prisma formation flying satellites anda subcontract for a microwave instrument forESA’s PREMIER environmental satellitemission.Commercial air transport Commercial air operations began in Swedenin 1924, when a former army pilot started thenational airline ABA After the war, transatlanticflights started with the Boeing B-17, acquiredfrom the US Air Force and modified by Saab tocarry 14 passengers. Then, in 1946, amerging process was started with theNorwegian and Danish national carriers toform the SAS (Scandinavian AirlineSystems) consortium, a unique legal entity inthe airline world. It was instituted in 1951.In 1954, SAS became the first airline in theworld to operate a trans-polar route, and in1957 SAS was first to offer “round the worldservice” via the North Pole shortcutCopenhagen-Anchorage-Tokyo. SAS enteredthe jet age in 1959 when its first jet aircraft, theCaravelle, entered service. The present fleetconsists mainly of Airbus, Boeing 737 and MD-80, totalling 138 active aircraft. 30 Airbus and17 Boeing 737 are on order.SAS is a member of Star Alliance, and hasstrategic agreements with Lufthansa, Swiss,Austrian and United, including code sharing.Ownership of SAS is divided between thethree Scandinavian governments (50 %) andthe private sector.There are a number of small and medium-sized regional airlines in Sweden, but onlyone, Malmo Aviation, also operatesinternational routes. Present fleet is 12 Avroaircraft.

SAS Airbus 340 © 2004 SAS AB

New and old Vulcain 2 nozzles © AB Volvo 2007

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Viewpoint

This is the title of the recent report on spacecommissioned by the Centre d’analysestratégique (Strategic analysis centre), anexpertise institution under the authority of theFrench Prime Minister. Its author, EmmanuelSartorius, of the CGIET (French high councilfor industry, energy and technology), waspreviously governor of Intelsat and Eutelsat ata time when these telecommunicationssatellite operators were public organisations,then director of Aerospatiale’s satelliteactivities before their sale to Alcatel.Representatives of all relevant ministries,industry and the European Space Agency(ESA) took part in the preparation of thisreport. The report and its summary areavailable on the website www.strategie.gouv.fr(publications tab). It is the result of eightmonth’s work and was submitted to theMinister for Research, Laurent Wauquiez, on11 October 2011 during a small ceremony atthe headquarters of French space agencyCNES.

The text sets out objectives for a Europeanspace policy and the means to ensure thispolicy.The objectives:• Meet citizens’ needs in terms of

telecommunications, meteorology, risk andenvironmental management, navigation,geolocation, etc., where space technologywill play a decisive role.

• Contribute to European defence andsecurity. Whilst recognising the difficulty ofsetting up exclusively Europeanprogrammes in this area and thus the needfor bilateral or multilateral programmes, itemphasises the need for a Europeanprogramme to promote space situationalawareness.

• Advance scientific knowledge and pursuesolar system exploration. Taking note of thepast successes of ESA’s scientificprogramme, the report supports pursuingthem. It give pride of place to exploration. Itis favourable to manned flights to Mars butdoes not envisage them before severaldecades because of their complexity and thefinancial efforts required. It suggestsestablishing a programme of robotic andmanned flights, which progresses towardsthis aim in stages.

• Reinforce the European industrial andtechnological base by demanding anindustrial policy for Europe and setting inplace European preference rules.

The means:• Define a new European governance for

space activities. The report comprehensivelyreviews the role of the different players in themanagement of space programmes: TheEuropean Council, member states, Councilof the European Union, EuropeanCommission, ESA and national spaceagencies. It examines how their roles couldevolve in the long term.

• Secure Europe’s autonomous access toSpace. Europe’s control over its spacepolicy relies on its mastery of access tospace. This is based on a launching site inFrench Guiana and an evolving range oflaunchers that benefit from public fundingand the European preference principle.

• Allocate sufficient financial resources. Thereport argues for a progressive increase infunding. According to the economicconditions of 2011, current funding stands at4.1 G€ per year. It should be 5.3 G€ in 2020

and 6.7 G€ in 2030, of which 1 G€ per yearwill be earmarked for participation on aninternational manned explorationprogramme.

• Rely on international cooperation. Scientificprogrammes are frequently based on globalcooperation and, given the scale of activitiesof a Mars exploration programme withmanned flights, this too would be based onan international effort. The EU must prepareits cooperation strategy and define itsstrategic objectives in terms of technology.

What precedes is a very brief summary ofthe contents of this report which I wouldstrongly encourage you to read in full.

AN AMBITION IN SPACE FOREUROPEThe French vision to 2030

Philippe COUILLARDVice-president of the Academy, former Chief Technical Officer EADS

Space, contributor to this report

The Air and SpaceAcademy has alwaysshown a keen interest inspace policy, expressingits support for anambitious Europeanapproach on numerousoccasions in its Dossierseries.Working groups from the Academy’s Spacecommission, comprising members andrecognised experts, have thus analysedand produced recommendations on thefollowing themes:• Dossier 34 A Long-term Strategy for

European Space launchers• Dossier 31 For a European Approach to

Security in Space• Dossier 30 The Role of Europe in Space

exploration• Dossier 27 Space: A European Vision, a

compilation of the reports of 7 workinggroups (Space in the service of theenvironment, society, defence andscientific research; its perception by thegeneral public, the role of humans inspace exploration, space transportation).

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In Memoriam

The Academy has been marked by the demise of four of its eminent members in pastmonths: Ronald Davies, associate member, Roger Chevalier, past president andfounder member, Jacques Bénichou, honorary member, and more recently CharlesSchmitt, who had participated and presented a paper at our September session inBordeaux.We would like to express our sincere condolences to their families. The Academy paidhomage to them in its last session in Toulouse on 25 November. Due to lack of space,the homage to Jacques Bénichou will be presented in the next issue.

Ronald DaviesAn associate memberof the Academy,elected in 1987, thei n t e r n a t i o n a l l yrenowned historianRonald Davies passedaway on 30 July 2011at the age of 90. Far away, in the sense that he spent most ofhis professional life in California thenWashington, but always ready to share viewswith his European colleagues, Ronald Davieswas for a long time Curator of Air Transport atthe Smithsonian Institution’s National Air andSpace Museum, publishing over twenty trulyremarkable historical works. “Airlines of theUnited States since 1914” and “A History of theWorld’s Airlines” are classics: so great is theirhistorical accuracy that they have becomecompulsory reading. Earlier on, after his debut at British EuropeanAirways, Ronald Davies pursued animpressive career in industry, first at the BristolAeroplane Company then de Havilland, beforegoing on to set down roots in the U.S. and takeon responsibilities within the Douglas AircraftCompany marketing team. Universally respected for his great skill andknowledge, he was also appreciated for hiswicked sense of humour and great kindness.

Pierre SparacoRoger ChevalierRoger Chevalier,founder memberand past presidentof our Academy,passed away on 16August last, in his90th year.On graduating fromEcole Poly-technique, Roger Chevalier chose to enter theFrench air force military engineering corps.The first part of his career was given over to

tactical missiles, as head of department atArsenal de l’Aéronautique, then chief engineerat Nord Aviation. The early 1960s marked a turning point in hiscareer when he joined SEREB as technicaldirector. Roger Chevalier succeeded insurrounding himself with high levelcollaborators. In a sector where everythingremained to be done, characterised byinnumerable challenges and rapidly evolvingtechnology, Roger Chevalier and his teams setup a methodical approach, both progressiveand ambitious, which factored in the idea ofreasonable risk. With hindsight, all the majortechnological choices were sound.Despite set-backs and delays – daily bread forthose rare powers that dared to embark onballistics or space ventures – the ambitiousobjective fixed by General de Gaulle wasattained: in the early 1970s, Francepossessed, by dint of its own efforts, twooperational nuclear components based onballistic missiles. In the meantime, intelligentuse of ballistic technology and know-how hadproduced the small Diamant A launcher,making France the third space power(November 1965). In 1970, with the founding of SNIAS, a newcareer direction opened up: Roger Chevalierwas appointed technical director of the newcompany. He went on to pursue a brilliantcareer at head office, becoming successivelymember of the managing board, directorgeneral and, in 1982, vice-president ofAerospatiale.A respected figure in the aerospace world,Roger Chevalier was a member of the sector’smost illustrious academies and associations.He was distinguished with the followingnominations: Commander of the Legion ofHonour, Commander of the National Order ofMerit, Commander of the German Order ofMerit, Knight of the Academic Palms andholder of the Médaille de l’Aéronautique.

André Motet

Charles Schmitt Charles passed awayon 5 November last.Fascinated by theaircraft that criss-crossed the Lorrainesky at the end of theSecond World War, hesigned up for theFrench Navy whichwas recruiting pilots for the war in Indochina.After gaining his pilot’s licence, chance had itthat he was affected to helicopters. In Indochinathen Algeria he built up a broad experience,exploring all the possibilities of rotary wings. Back in civilian life, he joined Héli-Union andrapidly became chief pilot then director ofoperations, accompanying the remarkabledevelopment of this company in all areas ofpetrol exploitation, mountain operations andtraining.This pioneering role, together with hisoutstanding capabilities, saw him electedpresident or vice-president of a host of influentialhelicopter organisations – European HelicopterAssociation, European Helicopter OperatorsCommittee, International Federation ofHelicopter Associations, Groupement françaisde l’hélicoptère – which he represented whenliaising with the different bodies charged withregulations: ICAO, JAA and EASA.Elected correspondent in 2002 then fellow in2004, he was the kingpin of the forums andconferences organised by the Academy onhelicopters. His strong attachment to theAcademy led to him presenting a paper at theSeptember session despite undergoingchemotherapy for the illness to which he knewhe was ultimately to succumb.Charles was a determined, honourable,uncompromising and honest man who devotedhis life to helicopters and those who flew them.As one of his friends said, the rotary wing familycan be said to have lost one of its foundingfathers. Jean-Claude Bück

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Life of the AcademySolemn Plenary session25 November 2011The private session was held in Toulouse, inthe presence of 80 members. After payinghomage to our recently deceased members,the assembly went on to ratify dossier 35 “AirTraffic and Meteorology” before hearing MichelMartin’s presentation of the Sino-EuropeanInstitute of Aviation Engineering (SIAE). Thisengineering university, set up in partnershipwith the main French aeronautics universities(ENAC, ENSMA, ISAE) and the support ofmajor industrial groups, offers an all-inclusivedegree in aeronautics engineering in Tianjin,China. The first students will graduate in July2013.Mahmut Barla and Gérard Fouilloux gave theiracceptance speeches, sharing with theaudience the highlights of their remarkable andfascinating careers. The solemn plenary session took place in theSalle des Illustres at Toulouse Town Hall andwas the occasion to present the Academy’sboard for 2012 and welcome its new honorarymember, Herbert J. Allgeier, former directorgeneral of the EC Joint research centre, aswell as 9 new fellows and 19 correspondents.Hélène de Boissezon, in charge of CNES’sImage Analysis and Products department, then

gave a fascinating talkon the theme “Earthobservation fromspace: a tool at theservice of humanitariancrisis management”.This lively, well docu-mented lecture held theattention of the largeaudience.Then was the moment

to present this year’s medallists: Jean-LouisBaroux, for his work “Compagnies aériennes:la faillite du modèle”, Paul Cauvy, for hiscontribution to the avionics and systems of theNH-90 programme, and Christian Ravel, ahighly experienced pilot, for the founding of theAngers-Marcé air museum.The Academy’s Grand Prize was this yearawarded to Rafael Acedo, for his crucial role inthe A330 MRTT multi-role tanker transportprogramme.President Gérard Brachet closed this sessionwith his report on the year’s actions, describinga 2011 oriented towards Europe andparticularly rich in encounters, reports, events,conference and other events, illustrating theintense activity on the part of the Academy’ssections and commissions during the pastyear.

EncountersThe Academy also took part in the meetingheld by Claudie Haigneré, president ofUnivers-Sciences, who came to Toulouse topresent a project encouraging networkactivities for the promotion of scientific cultureon a national and regional level, by whichassociations will be encouraged to get togetherand come up with proposals to coordinate andintensify their actions on a regional level.

DistinctionsWe would like to congratulate fellow membersJacques Blamont, who has been named GrandCross of the French Order of Merit, and Anne-Marie Mainguy, who was promoted to the rankof Officer in the French Order of the Legion ofHonour.

Jean-ClaudeChaussonnet

SecretaryGeneral

This conference was packed out. Over 200 people from 14nationalities and all different horizons, from students to scientists,trainee pilots to airline heads of training, lawyers, doctors, insurancebrokers, representatives from the main manufacturers and many civilaviation authorities: for two days one could hear a pin drop as theylistened to presentations by top notch speakers. With opening and closing presentations given by Nancy Graham,director of ICAO’s air navigation bureau, who also did us the honourof chairing the final session, the conference shone light on gaps incurrent regulations and work carried out in different areas to helppilots face up to the unexpected: adapting cockpits, automatedsystems and operational procedures, improving pilot training in termsof theoretical knowledge and flight practice to the limits of theenvelope, refining pilot selection methods, fundamental research on

teamwork and behaviour in stressful situations, etc.After publishing the proceedings, the Academy will set up an openworking group to prepare a dossier and make detailedrecommendations with the sole aim of improving the safety andefficiency of air transport.

Jean-Claude BückProgramme committee chairman

Air Transport Pilots facing the Unexpected 29-30 November 2011, Paris

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DU GOLFE À LA LIBYE :20 ans d’opérationsaériennes, Patrick Facon,Editeal, 2011, €25In the twenty years from 1997 to2011, from the Gulf war to thestrikes on Libya, the French airforce has undergone atransformation unparalleled in its

history. In an unstable, dangerous and unpredictableworld, French aviators are active players in the crisesand conflicts affecting the planet: in the Gulf, Bosnia,Kosovo, Afghanistan and Libya. Richly illustrated, thisbook looks back over the twenty years which havechanged the face of the French air force for good.ENTRE CONTRAINDRE ETCONVAINCRE : Être mili-taire à l’ère numérique,Bruno Depardon, Fantascope,2011, €10The world has changed:Smartphone, sms, broadbandinternet, Youtube, Facebook, Wiki-leaks are all illustrations of the digitaltidal wave that has swept away previous paths ofknowledge and power. The era of armed conflictsclearly delineated in terms of time, space and legalframework is over and some age-old principles ofmilitary action are faltering…What landmarks can befound for military personnel charged with carrying outthe state’s “legitimate violence” and what strategymust they adopt? Mastering the three key aspects:

“comprehend, convince and compel”: this is how theauthor proposes to help the army meet its challenges inthe digital era.LA BATAILLE D’ANGLETERREJuin-octobre 1940, Jérôme deLespinois, Tallandier, 2011, €16.90July 1940: Nazi Germany is preparing toinvade Britain. Thus commences themost spectacular air battle of the SecondWorld War: the Battle of Britain. Jérômede Lespinois brings to light the technicaland logistical components of the battle,the political data – in particular the role of Churchilland the abnegation of the British people – and theindomitable tenacity of the RAF pilots, as well as thetactical and strategic errors committed on the Germanside.LE MERLE MOQUEUREric Dautriat, Pascal Galodé,2011, €22 Laurent, a Parisian repulsed by thevulgarity and greed rife during the“noughties”, seeks refuge in themythical absolute of a history in whichhis father, Julien, was a resistancefighter in Limousin. A novel filled with contemporaryindignation and showing the path towards a fatherwho must be killed or resuscitated, “Le MerleMoqueur” swings freely from one era to another,weaving the Montmartre life of Laurent in with theresistance adventure of Julien.

Members’ publications

The impact of weatherconditions on air transportis obvious to anypassenger: what frequent flyer has never beenconfronted with patches of turbulence ordelays due to bad weather conditions? Thismerely confirms the fact that the atmosphere isalive with extremely varied, fleetingphenomena to which aircraft must adapt. The Air and Space Academy felt it wasimportant to take a closer look at thesemeteorological phenomena, draw up a list andexamine their consequences. A conference on “Air Traffic and Meteorology”was therefore organised with the aim ofbringing together aviation meteorologyspecialists and operational actors from thepublic and private sectors in charge of air trafficcontrol and operations. This dossier endeavours to summarise theinformation presented and the ensuingconclusions and present recommendations forfuture action.

Dossier 35:

Air Traffic andMeteorology€15, 2011, 120pp, Fr/Eng

Dossiers (bilingual French-English series)34 Long-term Strategy for European Space

Launchers, 120p, 2010, 15€33 Airports and their Challenges, 80pp,

2010, €1532 Risktaking, conclusions and recommen-

dations, 84pp, 2009, €1531 For a European Approach to Security in

Space, 2008, 64pp, €1530 The Role of Europe in Space

Exploration, 2008, 84pp, €1529 Air Transport and the Energy

Challenge, 2007, 60pp, €1528 Airline Safety, 2007, 60pp, €1527 Space: a European Vision, 2006, 200pp,

€2026 Low-fare Airlines, 2005, 68pp, €1525 The UAV Revolution, 2004, 88pp, €1524 The Impact of Air Traffic on the

Atmosphere, 2004, 88pp, €1023 The Ballistic Threat: what policy for

France and Europe?, 2004, 40pp, €1022 Europe and Space Debris, 2003, 40pp, €1021 Feedback from Experience in Civil

Aviation, 2003, 28pp, €1020 Pilot Training, 2003, 28pp, €10

General works In French unless marked with an asterisk• Annals 2001-2007

Tome 1 – Actions, 284pp, €20Tome 2 – Presentations, 350pp, €20

• Lexique franglais-français, 2009, 70pp A5, €10 • Les Français du ciel, historic dictionary

published by cherche midi under the direction ofL. Robineau, 2005, 784pp, €35

• *A positioning system “GALILEO”: strategic,scientific and technical stakes, English version2004, 200pp, €19

• Ciels des Hommes, anthology proposed byL. Robineau, cherche midi, 1999, 222pp, €15

Conference proceedingsEnglish and French according to speaker• Air transport and Meteorology, 2011, online,

15ۥ Airports and their Challenges, 2010, CDRom,

€20• Risktaking: a human necessity that must be

managed, 2008, CDRom, €20• Scientific and Fundamental Aspects of the

Galileo Programme, 2008, CDRom, €20• Air Transport and the Energy Challenge,

2007, CDRom, €20

PublicationsComprehensive list and ordering facilities on our website:

www.air-space-academy.org

ILLUMINATIONS :COSMOS ET ESTHÉTIQUEJean-Pierre Luminet, OdileJacob, 2011, €23With the aid of a golf ball or abilliard ball and a fishnet stocking,Jean-Pierre Luminet is capable ofdescribing the mechanism behindblack holes to the layperson. He

explains relativity, quantum mechanics, the BigBang, galaxies and an unbounded but finiteuniverse like no-one else. In this book he looksinto modern cosmology, the light of the invisible,revealing the secrets of the universe and his lovefor literature and art.L’ESPACE, DU REVE A LA REALITE.Un grand bond pourl’Europe spatialeMarius Le Fèvre, Édite,€28In under fifty years, theEuropean space sector hasmade an incredible leap fromthe first makeshift rocket-probes launched in theSahara to the current, highlycomplex launch campaigns. Having played apioneering role in this fascinating evolution, theauthor relates some stories and exploits of theearly days and describes the technical, financialand political difficulties which have alwaysstudded the path to progress.

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For your diaryFor more information on our events: www.air-space-academy.org

Lecture cycle (in French)

Toulouse Médiathèque José Cabanis, lastTuesday of each month at 6pm31/01 *Living and working in space, Jean-

François Clervoy, astronaut, AAE28/02 Resurrecting the mythical Breguet XIV,

Eugène Bellet, president of the BreguetXIV Association

27/03 Killer meteorites and asteroids, Jean-Pierre Luminet, research director CNRS,AAE

24/04 Looking for the origins of the universe:the Planck space mission, Jean-LoupPuget, astrophysicist, CNRS, Académiedes Sciences

29/05 **Toulouse-Blagnac: a city airport,Bernard Keller, mayor of Blagnac, vice-president of Greater Toulouse

26/06 We are the Martians!, Giovanni Bignami,astrophysicist, president of COSPAR andINAF, AAE

25/09 Target Mars: the new missions to thered planet, Francis Rocard, responsiblefor solar system exploration programmes,CNES

30/10 **Air safety: questions and some tenta-tive answers, Michel Guérard, deputy airsafety director for Airbus, and PierreSparaco, Aviation Week & SpaceTechnology, AeroMorning.com, AAE

27/11 Flight testing the A400M, FernandoAlonso, SVP Flight & Integration TestsAirbus, AAE

* translated into sign language** in collaboration with 3AF

Of Air and Space

Partners’ events

3AF lecture, 4 April, 6pm, ENAC ToulouseAnalysis of pilots’ operational behaviour insudden, unexpected, potentially dangeroussituations, Jean Pinet, test pilot, AAE

www.3af-mp.fr

Aeroexpo Marrakech4 to 7 April 2012, Marrakech Ménara Airport3rd edition of the Aérexpo airshow, which will focuson building links between African countries andinternational aeronautics and space industries.

www.fr.aeroexpo-morocco.com

Toulouse Space Show, 25-28 June 2012,Pierre Baudis Congress Centre, ToulouseThis edition of the Toulouse Space Show will bringtogether the main players of the internationalaerospace industry and will focus on spaceapplications.

www.toulousespaceshow.eu

Training through exchange, the ToulouseEncounters pursue a triple aim: educational,scientific and network building. Compose yourown customised course out of 40 thematicencounters spread over 4 half-days.

.Areas of discussion and coordinators:- Structures design, Philippe Vautey et Jean-

Marc Berthier- Materials, Hubert Schaff et Bruno Béral- Avionics, André Bourdais and Christian

Delaveau- Modelling and systems engineering, Philippe

Forestier and Michel Ravachol- New motorisations and propulsion, Marius

Goutines and Paul Kuentzmann- Onboard energy, Catherine Delikat and

Etienne Foch- Aircraft maintenance, Jacques Renvier and

Louis-Alain Roche- Military aviation, Yves Colin and Henri Michel- Civil aviation, Jean-Louis Latieule and Gérard

Rozenknop- Competitivity and R&D, Valérie Archambault

and Gérard Laruellewww.entretienstoulouse.com

Toulouse Encounters(Entretiens de Toulouse)17-18 April 2012, ISAE SupAéro, Toulouse

The aim of thisconference is to refineand consolidate view-points and recommen-dations expressed bythe AAE Foresightcommission in its 2011report on the needs of European and worldair transport in a 2050 timeline. Eminent international figures will speak atthis conference, including:• Lourdes Maurice, executive director of the

Office of Environment and Energy, FAA• Fred Abbink, former director general of

NLR• Herbert Allgeier, former director general of

the EC Joint research centre• David Marshall, former president and

board member of the RAeS• Denis Maugars, president of Onera.The president of Midi-Pyrenees RegionalCouncil, Martin Malvy, will give the openingspeech.The conference is intended as a platform forfruitful, non-taboo exchange, with broadaudience participation in which the reflectionsof the Foresight commission, available fordownload on the AAE website, will beconfronted with the viewpoints ofinternational experts.A final report, integrating the viewpointsexpressed and aimed at policy makers aswell as research and industry, will bepublished in the following months.

ConferenceFlying in 205030-31 May 2012, Hôtelde région Midi-Pyrénées,Toulouse, France

RAeS lectures, Toulouse branch6pm, Symposium room, Building B01, Airbus Campus 1,Blagnac08/02 Air to Air Refuelling for Civil Aircraft, Raj

Nangia, Consulting Engineer, Bristol, UK21/02 Rolls-Royce Mini-Lecture Competition20/03 Clean Sky Research Technology, Gareth

Williams, Business Development & Partnerships,R&T–ETD Airbus

24/04 tbc22/05 In Flight Refuelling – From Beginning to Today’s

Technology, Cobham PLC (Auditorium 6th floor,Building M01, Airbus Campus 1, St Martin)

12/06 A|D|S International Strategywww.RAeS-Toulouse.org

and Paris branch, at Le Bourget airport, Paris, 5pm28/02 Lindbergh Lecture, Bruno Révellin-Falcoz, former

SVP Dassault Aviation, AAEcookdavida@aol.com

Aeronautics, past and futureAfternoon of lectures, in French, at the Paris Palais dela Découverte, from 2p.m., 16 February, 2012- French seaplanes 1910-1918, Robert Feuilloy,

Capitaine de Vaisseau (er), AAE- Air transport challenges for 2050, Alain Garcia, for-

mer SVP Engineering Airbus, vice-president AAE - Future aircraft engines, Jacques Renvier, SVP

System Engineering Safran, AAEBooking: conferences@universcience.fr

The Lettre de l’Académie de l’Air et de l’Espaceis a two-monthly publication – ISSN 1288-5223The conclusions and opinions expressed in this documentare those of the authors, within a context of freedom ofexpression cultivated by our Academy. They do notnecessarily reflect the opinions of the Academy or itspartners.EDITORIAL OFFICES/ADMINISTRATION:Air and Space Academy:BP 75825 – 31505 Toulouse Cedex 5Tel.: 33 (0)5 34 25 03 80 – Fax: 33 (0)5 61 26 37 56Email: publications@academie-air-espace.comInternet : www.air-space-academy.comDIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION/EDITOR: Gérard BrachetEDITORIAL TEAM: Jean-Claude Chaussonnet, Yves Marc,Pierre Sparaco, Martine Ségur, Lindsey JonesPRE-PRESS: Lindsey JonesTRANSLATION: Lindsey Jones, David WilliamsPRINTED BY: ENAC Service Édition7 avenue Édouard Belin – 31055 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4

Previous issues:No.75 A330 MRTT, Nov. 2011No.74 The Pilot: a technological being, Sept 2011No.73 Laser-Lune Telemetry, June 2011No.72 Clean sky project, April 2011No.71 New Aircraft Manufacturers, Jan 2011The full list of previous issues and other publicationscan be found on our website.