Level 2 Vertebrate Fauna Report - epa.wa.gov.au · Ryan Ellis Final submitted to client 1.5...

Vertebrate fauna survey of the Mummaloo Project

Prepared for Top Iron Pty Ltd

August 2012

Final Report

Vertebrate fauna survey of the Mummaloo Project Prepared for Top Iron Pty Ltd

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd i

Vertebrate fauna survey of the Mummaloo Project

Prepared for Top Iron Pty Ltd

Draft Report

Author: Ryan Ellis

Reviewer: Karen Crews

Date: 31 August 2012

Submitted to: Laura Todd (EnviroWorks)

Chain of authorship and review

Name Task Version Date

Ryan Ellis Draft for technical review

1.0 19-07-2012

Jarrad Clark Technical review 1.1 23-07-2012

Karen Crews Editorial review 1.2 24-07-2012

Ryan Ellis Draft for client comments

1.3 26-07-2012

Laura Todd (EnviroWorks) Client comments 1.4 22-08-2012

Ryan Ellis Final submitted to client 1.5 31-08-2012

©Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 2012

The use of this report is solely for the Client for the purpose in which it was prepared. Phoenix Environmental Sciences accepts no responsibility for use beyond this purpose.

All rights are reserved and no part of this report may be reproduced or copied in any form without the written permission of Phoenix Environmental Sciences of the Client.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd

1/511 Wanneroo Rd BALCATTA WA 6021

P: 08 9345 1608

F: 08 6313 0680

E: [email protected]

Project code: 1005-MU-TI-VER

Vertebrate fauna survey of the Mummaloo ProjectPrepared for Top Iron Pty Ltd

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd ii

Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ V1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Study area ............................................................................................................................... 11.2 Scope of work and survey objectives...................................................................................... 1

2 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................................ 42.1 Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia (IBRA) Region ........................................ 42.2 Land systems........................................................................................................................... 62.3 Climate and weather............................................................................................................... 82.4 Land use ............................................................................................................................... ...92.5 Biological context.................................................................................................................... 9

2.5.1 Vertebrate fauna............................................................................................................. 92.5.2 Threatening processes .................................................................................................. 10

2.6 Relevant legislation and agreements.................................................................................... 103 METHODS............................................................................................................................... .......12

3.1 Desktop review ..................................................................................................................... 123.2 Habitat assessment and site selection.................................................................................. 123.3 Level 2 field survey................................................................................................................ 15

3.3.1 Systematic trapping site for ground dwelling mammals, reptiles and amphibians......163.3.2 Avifauna surveys ........................................................................................................... 173.3.3 Bat echolocation call recordings ................................................................................... 173.3.4 Spotlighting ................................................................................................................... 173.3.5 Active searches ............................................................................................................. 173.3.6 Opportunistic records ................................................................................................... 173.3.7 Motion camera trapping ............................................................................................... 183.3.8 Targeted searching........................................................................................................ 20

3.4 Taxonomy and nomenclature ............................................................................................... 203.5 Statistical analyses ................................................................................................................ 203.6 Survey personnel and acknowledgements ........................................................................... 21

4 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... .........224.1 Desktop review ..................................................................................................................... 224.2 Environmental parameters ................................................................................................... 234.3 Habitat descriptions .............................................................................................................. 244.4 Fauna records........................................................................................................................ 30

4.4.1 Statistical analysis ......................................................................................................... 324.4.2 Mammals ...................................................................................................................... 344.4.3 Avifauna ........................................................................................................................ 374.4.4 Reptiles.......................................................................................................................... 424.4.5 Amphibians ................................................................................................................... 46

4.5 Limitations............................................................................................................................. 465 CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANT SPECIES ......................................................................................... 47


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6 DISCUSSION............................................................................................................................... ....536.1 Conservation significant habitats.......................................................................................... 536.2 Conservation significant species ........................................................................................... 536.3 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 54

7 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... ...57

List of FiguresFigure 1 1 Location of the Mummaloo Project ................................................................................ 2Figure 1 2 Mummaloo Project study area ....................................................................................... 3Figure 2 1 Biogeographic regions and subregions of the study area............................................... 5Figure 2 2 Land systems of the study area ...................................................................................... 7Figure 2 3 Average monthly temperatures (maximum and minimum) and rainfall records from

Dalwallinu weather station (BOM 2012) ........................................................................ 8Figure 3 1 Survey site locations ..................................................................................................... 14Figure 3 2 Systematic trapping site conceptual layout.................................................................. 16Figure 3 3 Australian Raven recorded during the survey .............................................................. 19Figure 3 4 Malleefowl pair recorded during the survey ................................................................ 19Figure 4 1 Temperature and rainfall variables collected during the field surveys (BOM 2012)....24Figure 4 2 Fauna habitats of the study area .................................................................................. 25Figure 4 3 Conservation significant species recorded during the survey ...................................... 31Figure 4 4 Species accumulation curves for the total assemblage (a), avifauna (b), mammals (c)

and reptiles (d) from the Level 2 fauna survey ............................................................. 33Figure 4 5 Location of Desert Mouse recorded in relation to the Mummaloo Project .................36Figure 4 6 Malleefowl pair recorded at mound during the survey................................................ 40Figure 4 7 Potential Malleefowl habitat identified during the survey........................................... 41Figure 4 8 Potential Western Spiny tailed Skink habitat identified during the survey..................44Figure 4 9 Potential Gilled Slender Blue tongue habitat identified during the survey..................45

List of TablesTable 3 1 Survey methods used to sample vertebrate fauna at survey sites................................... 15Table 3 2 Summary of trapping effort .............................................................................................. 16Table 3 3 Project team...................................................................................................................... 21Table 4 1 Conservation significant species identified through desktop review as occurring or

potentially occurring in the study area......................................................................... 22Table 4 2 Habitat descriptions of the systematic trapping sites ...................................................... 26Table 4 3 Vertebrate taxa recorded during the survey and the total number of species potentially

occurring in the study area ............................................................................................... 30Table 4 4 Mammal species recorded during the survey .................................................................. 34Table 4 5 Bird species recorded during the survey .......................................................................... 38Table 4 6 Reptile species recorded during the survey...................................................................... 42Table 6 1 Summary of conservation significant species likelihood of occurrence ........................... 55


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List of AppendicesAppendix 1 Survey site coordinates (Datum, GDA94)Appendix 2 Species records from desktop review and surveysAppendix 3 Echolocation survey of bat activity reportAppendix 4 Site descriptions of opportunistic survey sitesAppendix 5 Remote camera motions triggered during deployment at the Malleefowl mound


Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd v

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Mummaloo Project study area (the study area) is located approximately 75 km northeast of Wubin in the Avon Wheatbelt region of WA.

In May 2012 Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd (Phoenix) was commissioned by Top Iron Pty Ltd (Top Iron) to undertake a Level 2 terrestrial vertebrate fauna survey for the Project study area. The subsequent field survey occurred over 10 days from 28 May 2012 to 6 June 2012. The purpose of the survey was to identify the fauna values of the study area to assist with project planning, as well as future impact assessment and management. On the basis of survey results Phoenix Environmental has also made recommendations for further survey work in order to assist the environmental impact assessment process.

Four systematic survey sites and eight opportunistic survey sites were used to assess fauna diversity and abundance, and represented all major fauna habitats within study area. Each site was assessed for habitat significance and active searches were undertaken for evidence of conservation significant and other fauna species. Records were made of sightings, calls, tracks, scats and other signs. Bird surveys (transects and area searches) were also completed.

Two habitat types were identified by Phoenix Environmental in the study area:

Mixed open-dense shrublands (473.1 ha, 52.9% of the study area): this habitat is the most represented in the study area. The density and height of shrubs are variable with both dense and open patches. The understorey cover is poor in most areas across the study area due to grazing by livestock and introduced herbivores (goats) and a drought period during the previous decade. The substrate is a red/brown loam and clay strewn with stones/pebbles/gravel in some areas. This habitat occurs throughout the study area, particularly in the western half.

Open Eucalyptus woodland (4209.4 ha, 47.1% of the study area): the second most represented habitat, mostly found across the eastern half of the study area. The vegetation structure is largely open with poor understorey cover over a red/brown loam and clay. Some minor rocky breakaways occur in the south east of the study area.

A total of 225 vertebrate fauna species were identified in the desktop review as potentially occurring in the study area. This comprised 30 mammals (23 native and seven introduced), 131 birds, 57 reptiles and seven amphibians. Fourteen species of conservation significance were identified as potentially occurring during the desktop review. Of the 14 species identified, seven species are listed as Vulnerable or Endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and/or Schedule 1 (fauna that is rare or likely to become extinct) or Schedule 4 (fauna in need of special protection) under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act). Four of the species are listed as Priority on the Department of Environment and Conservation’s Priority list and the remaining three are listed as Migratory under the EPBC Act.

The field survey (which occurred from 28 May 2012 to 6 June 2012) recorded a total of 80 vertebrate species representing 35.5% of species potentially occurring in the area. Two of the conservation significant species identified from the desktop review were recorded during the field survey (Crested Bellbird and Malleefowl - Table E-1).

Malleefowl is listed Vulnerable under the EPBC Act and the Crested Bellbird is listed Priority 4 under the DEC Priority fauna listing. Suitable habitat was identified for a further eight additional species of conservation significance not recorded during the survey (Table E-1).

The study area is likely to support a larger number of species than recorded during the survey and it is recommended further information is obtained regarding some conservation significant species. A follow up survey is recommended to better define the use of the study area by conservation


Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd vi

significant species, particularly Malleefowl, Western Spiny-tailed Skink, Gilled Slender Blue-tongue and Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo as well as gather further information on the vertebrate fauna assemblage. This additional survey will enable a more accurate assessment of potential impacts of the Project on vertebrate fauna.

One additional record from the survey is also being given further consideration. A specimen identified by Phoenix field staff as having the physical characteristics of Desert Mouse (Pseudomys desertor) was recorded. If confirmed via genetic analysis which is currently in progress, the record represents a significant range extension (321 km). Although Desert Mouse is not listed under legislation or priority conservation lists, EPA guidance (EPA 2008) states “species at the extremes of their range, isolated outlying populations and undescribed species” are considered significant fauna in environmental impact assessment (EPA 2008). Therefore genetic analysis of the tissue sample collected from the specimen is currently being undertaken to confirm its identity so that this may be considered as part of the environmental impact assessment if the species is confirmed as Desert Mouse.

Management of impacts to Malleefowl, in particular, will need to be considered during project design, operation and closure planning.


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Table E-1 Conservation significant species recorded or likely to occur in study area

Common name

EPBC

Act

WC

Act

DEC

Records Summary

Birds Australian Bustard (Ardeotis australis) P4 Desktop

review Likely to occur – potential habitat present in study area

Crested Bellbird (wheatbelt) (Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis) P4 Recorded

during survey

Recorded / known to occur – potential habitat present within study area

Fork-tailed Swift (Apus pacificus) Mig. S3

(Mig.) Desktop review

Likely to occur – potential foraging habitat within study area

Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo (Cacatua leadbeateri) S4 Desktop

review Likely to occur – potential habitat in study area

Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) VU S1

Recorded during survey

Recorded / known to occur – potential habitat in study area, further studies required to assess importance of study area to this species

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) S4 Desktop

review Likely to occur – likely to forage in study area.

Rainbow Bee-eater (Merops ornatus) Mig. S3

(Mig.) Desktop review

Likely to occur – potential habitat in study area

Shy Heathwren (Hylacola cauta whitlocki) P4 Desktop

review Likely to occur – potential habitat in study area

Reptiles Gilled Slender Blue-tongue (Cyclodomorphus branchialis) S1

Desktop review

Likely to occur – potential habitat in study area

Western Spiny-tailed Skink (Egernia stokesii badia) EN S1

Desktop review

Likely to occur – potential habitat in study area, further studies required to assess importance of study area to this species

EN – Endangered (EPBC Act); VU – Vulnerable (EPBC Act); S1 – Schedule 1 (WC Act); S4 – Schedule 4 (WC Act) P1 – Priority 1 (DEC); P2 – Priority 2 (DEC); P3 – Priority 3 (DEC); P4 – Priority 4 (DEC); Mig. – Migratory species (EPBC Act).


Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 1

1 INTRODUCTION In May 2012 Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd (Phoenix) was commissioned by Top Iron Pty Ltd (Top Iron) to undertake a Level 2 terrestrial vertebrate fauna survey for the Mummaloo Project (the Project). This report presents the results of the survey. On the basis of survey results Phoenix Environmental has also made recommendations for further survey work in order to assist the environmental impact assessment process.

1.1 STUDY AREA

The Mummaloo Project study area (the study area) is located approximately 75 km northeast of Wubin in the Avon Wheatbelt region of WA (Figure 1-1).

1.2 SCOPE OF WORK AND SURVEY OBJECTIVES

The objective of the survey was to define the vertebrate fauna values of the study area to inform the environmental impact assessment of the Project.

The scope of work was as follows:

undertake a vertebrate fauna field survey using methods to satisfy the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) requirements of a Level 2 Survey.

undertake targeted searches for species of conservation significance, particularly Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) and the Western Spiny-tailed Skink (Egernia stokesii badia).

prepare a concise report indicating survey methods and results including determination of conservation significant species and their habitats.

supply GIS data (as shapefiles or equivalent in GDA94) for all biological records, habitat delineations and other data as appropriate.

Given detailed mine planning has not occurred at this stage, site layout information and associated detailed impact assessment has not been included within this report. Where practicable, survey design, methodology and report-writing adhered to relevant principles and guidelines, including:

Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Position Statement No. 3: Terrestrial biological surveys as an element of biodiversity protection (EPA 2002)

EPA Guidance Statement No. 56: Terrestrial fauna surveys for environmental impact assessment in Western Australia (EPA 2004)

EPA & DEC Technical Guide: Terrestrial vertebrate fauna surveys for environmental impact assessment (EPA & DEC 2010).

The study area was defined as tenement E59/1694 (Figure 1-2). Study sites were selected as described in Section 3.



2 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

2.1 INTERIM BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONALISATION OF AUSTRALIA (IBRA) REGION

Bioregions are defined as large land areas characterized by broad, landscape-scale natural features, and environmental processes that influence the functions of entire ecosystems. Their purpose is to capture the large-scale geophysical patterns that occur across the Australian continent. The identified patterns in the landscape are linked to fauna and flora assemblages and processes at the broad ecosystem scale. They are a useful means for simplifying and reporting on more complex patterns of biodiversity (Thackway & Cresswell 1995).

Western Australia contains 26 IBRA bioregions and 53 subregions. The nature and scale of threatening processes varies across the bioregions, as does the extent of intact vegetation and the extent of areas under protection in the State reserve system.

The study area falls within the Avon Wheatbelt bioregion, which covers an area of approximately 95, 790 km2. The Avon Wheatbelt bioregion contains two main geological components (subregions):

Ancient Drainage subregion (AW1): undulating ancient peneplain of low relief, lateritic uplands dominated by derived yellow sandplain with proteaceous scrub-heaths (rich in endemic flora); eucalypt, sheoak and Jam woodlands dominate on Quaternary alluvials and elluvials. Salt lake chains occur as remnants of the ancient drainage systems and only function in very wet years.

Re-juvenated Drainage subregion (AW2): gently undulating rises to low hills with abrupt breakaways. Residual lateritic uplands and derived Sandplains are covered by areas of proteaceous scrub-heaths (rich in endemic flora), Quaternary surfaces of erosional slopes and valley floors support woodlands of Wandoo, York Gum, Jam and Casuarina. Drainage is comprised of continuous stream channels that flow most years.

The study area is situated within the Ancient Drainage (AW1) subregion Figure 2-1. The Ancient Drainage subregion is characterised by a semi-arid warm Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and mild wet winters. Several distinctive features of this subregion include (Beecham 2001):

centres of endemism among invertebrates (short-range endemics)

refugia (granite outcrops) for mammals and reptiles

seasonal resources including water collected by granite outcrops

high species and ecosystem diversity (e.g. Gypsum Dunes, Durokoppin Nature Reserve).



2.2 LAND SYSTEMS

The Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (Payne et al. 1998) has mapped the land systems of the region from aerial photography, providing the largest-scale interpretation of vegetation units for the study area. The study area traverses four land systems (Figure 2-2):

Gabanintha- Greenstone ridges and hills supporting sparse acacia shrublands

Moriarty- Low greenstone rises and stony plains supporting halophytic and acacia shrublands with patchy eucalypt overstoreys.

Doney- Alluvial plains with eucalypt woodlands

Pindar- Loamy plains surrounded by sandplain supporting York gum woodlands and acacia shrublands.

The dominant land systems present are the Gabanintha and Moriarty land systems. The Gabanintha land system covers approximately 5.7 km2 of the study area. Approximately 2.6 km2 of the study area is situated on the Moriarty land system. The remaining two land systems comprise less than 0.6 km2 of study area.



2.3 CLIMATE AND WEATHER

The Avon Wheatbelt bioregion has a semi-arid warm Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and mild wet winters. Summer temperatures range between 19–36°C (minimum–maximum), and winter temperatures between 6–18°C. There are typically 9 to 11 months of predominantly dry weather with an annual rainfall of 343 mm. Annual rains generally arrive as gentle to heavy showers over the winter months with occasional heavy rains over the summer period caused by cyclonic events to the north. Evapotranspiration rates are considerably higher than rainfall, with the annual average evapotranspiration for the Payne’s Find area being 2,480 mm (BOM 2012).

The nearest Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) weather station is located at Dalwallinu (Site 008297; Latitude: 30.28°S Longitude: 116.67°E) approximately 85 km to the southwest of the Mummaloo Project. Average summer temperatures recorded at Dalwallinu range from 17.3°C to 34.3°C with the highest mean recorded in January (35.3°C). Annual winter temperatures range from 6.3°C to 17.7°C with lowest mean recorded in July and August (5.9°C). Average annual rainfall is 284.4 mm (BOM 2012) (Figure 2-3).

Figure 2-3 Average monthly temperatures (maximum and minimum) and rainfall records

from Dalwallinu weather station (BOM 2012)



2.4 LAND USE

The dominant land use of the Avon Wheatbelt bioregion is dry-land agriculture, grazing and pastures of primarily wheat and sheep. The production of goats has become an increasing land use in the region. Dry-land agriculture accounts for over 80% of land use in the bioregion (Keighery et al. 2004).

Mineral exploration and mining activities are present within the bioregion; however, they are currently not as extensive as in the mineral rich bioregions further north. Mineral exploration and mining in the bioregion is focussed towards the northern areas bordering the Yalgoo bioregion. Several small areas of conservation estate are located within the bioregion including Durokoppin Nature Reserve, Buntine Nature Reserve and Goodlands Nature Reserve.

The study area is located within the Mount Gibson pastoral lease, which is currently managed by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC). The property is managed with the emphasis on habitat recovery and fauna reintroduction. As part of the its work AWC undertakes introduced predator control, habitat restoration and annual fauna monitoring within the Mount Gibson pastoral lease.

2.5 BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT

2.5.1 Vertebrate fauna

The Avon Wheatbelt bioregion has a large diversity of flora and fauna; however, its biota remains poorly documented apart from one large scale biodiversity assessment undertaken by the Western Australian Museum (WAM) and Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM, now DEC) across the bioregion. Most fauna records from the bioregion result from small scale surveys conducted locally for mineral exploration and mining activities. Annual fauna surveys are undertaken by AWC at their Mount Gibson pastoral lease which provides quantitative records for the bioregion. The records from the AWC surveys were not made available to Phoenix for this report.

The comprehensive biodiversity assessment of the bioregion by WAM and CALM was undertaken from 1997 to 2001 as part of the State Salinity Strategy. The assessment comprehensively surveyed the biota and summarised faunistic and floristic data of the Avon Wheatbelt and other bioregions that make up the wheatbelt region of Western Australia for many groups of plants and animals. The assessment provided substantial background information on the small mammal, bat and bird fauna of the bioregions (Keighery et al. 2004).

Species of conservation significance known to occur in the bioregion include the Chuditch or Western Quoll (Dasyurus geoffroyi), Black-flanked Rock Wallaby (Petrogale latteralis latteralis), Red-tailed Phascogale (Phascogale calura), Numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus), Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata), Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris), Western Spiny-tailed Skink (Egernia stokesii badia) and a number of EPBC Act listed migratory species (Beecham 2001).



2.5.2 Threatening processes

There are several threatening processes to the flora and fauna of the Avon Wheatbelt bioregion, in particular (DSEWPC 2002):

spread of introduced weeds

wildfire and altered fire regimes

grazing by introduced herbivores

predation by introduced predators such as cats, foxes and dogs

land clearing and fragmentation

salinity.

2.6 RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND AGREEMENTS

International

Migratory species are protected under a number of international agreements:

Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (JAMBA)

China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA)

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn)

Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Korea on the Protection of Migratory Birds (ROKAMBA).

Commonwealth

Under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), actions that have, or are likely to have, a significant impact on a matter of national environmental significance (NES) require approval from the Australian Government Minister for the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (the Minister). The EPBC Act provides for the listing of nationally threatened native species. Fauna species of national conservation significance may be classified as ‘critically endangered’, ‘endangered’, ‘vulnerable’ or ‘conservation dependent’.

The EPBC Act is also the enabling legislation for protection of migratory species under the international agreements listed above.

State

Native species in Western Australia which are under identifiable threat of extinction are protected under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act). Under the WC Act, the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice 2008 (2) recognises four classifications of rare and endangered fauna:

Schedule 1: Fauna that is rare or is likely to become extinct

Schedule 2: Fauna presumed to be extinct

Schedule 3: Migratory birds protected under an international agreement

Schedule 4: Other specially protected fauna.



In addition, the DEC produces a list of Priority species (last update: August 2010) that have not been assigned statutory protection under the WC Act. Species on this list are considered to be of conservation priority because there is insufficient information to assess of their conservation status or they are considered to be rare but not threatened and are in need of monitoring. The DEC Priority Fauna List categories are:

Priority 1: Taxa with few, poorly known populations on threatened lands

Priority 2: Taxa with few, poorly known populations on conservation lands

Priority 3: Taxa with several, poorly known populations, some on conservation lands

Priority 4: Taxa in need of monitoring – considered not currently threatened but could be if present circumstances change

Priority 5: Taxa in need of monitoring – considered not currently threatened but subject to a conservation program, the cessation of which could result in the species becoming threatened.



3 METHODS

3.1 DESKTOP REVIEW

The desktop review was completed using available local and regional published and unpublished reports, databases and spatial data. Four databases were reviewed to identify significant species that may occur within the study area:

EPBC Act Protected Matters database

DEC Threatened Fauna database

DEC/WA Museum NatureMap database

Birds Australia Birdata database.

The same search area was used for all database searches to achieve non-biased results. The search area was rectangle polygon with the diagonal coordinates of 29°32'21.71"S, 117° 0'6.46"E and 29°48'28.85"S, 117°30'15.63"E. The EPBC Act Protected Matters and DEC Threatened fauna database both encompase a 10 km buffer on the search area to obtain wider results for species less commonly recorded such as conservation significant species.

A literature search was conducted for any available reports on vertebrate fauna surveys conducted within the vicinity of the study area to build on the species list developed from the database searches. The following reports were obtained and used to determine a list of species potentially occurring in the study area.

Vertebrate fauna – Koolanooka Mine Site, Morawa (Alan Tingay and Associates 1996).

Mt Gibson Iron Pellet Project – fauna survey (Hart 2000).

Midwest Corporation Limited fauna assessment Koolanooka (ATA 2004).

Blue Hills Fauna Assessment (Bamford & Wilcox 2004)

Fauna Assessment Mount Gibson (ATA 2005).

Fauna values of Gindalbie Metal’s Karara and Mungada Hematite/Magnetite projects (Bancroft & Bamford 2006).

Terrestrial bird assemblages of the semi-arid woodlands and Acacia Sandplains in the southern rangelands of Western Australia (Richards et al. 2011b).

Small mammal and reptile assemblages of the semi-arid woodlands and Acacia sandplains in the southern rangelands of Western Australia (Richards et al. 2011a).

3.2 HABITAT ASSESSMENT AND SITE SELECTION

Initial habitat characterisation was undertaken using various remote geographical tools, including aerial photography, land system maps and topographic maps. Habitats with the potential to support conservation significant fauna were then identified through these data sources, based on known habitats of such species within the Avon Wheatbelt bioregion and previous survey reports.

The following two broad fauna habitat types were identified within the study area:

open eucalypt woodland

mixed open-dense shrublands



At the broadest scale, site selection considered aspect, topography and land systems. At the finer scale, consideration was given to proximity to water bodies (drainage lines and creeks), vegetation condition and soil type (where known). Sites were primarily chosen:

to represent the best example of a distinct habitat within the broader habitat associations of the study area when considered the best choice to inform the assessment process.

Four systematic fauna survey sites and eight opportunistic survey sites were selected, representing the full range of fauna habitats and landscape variations within the study area (Figure 4-2, Appendix 1). Site selection was also based on an indicative impact area provided by the client, with the aim of sampling impact and non-impact areas. All systematic and opportunistic survey sites were formally described and photographed (Figure 4-2, Appendix 4).



3.3 LEVEL 2 FIELD SURVEY The field survey took place from 28 May to 6 June 2012. Four sites were systematically surveyed and eight sites opportunisitcially surveyed (Figure 3-1), representing all major fauna habitats found throughout the study area. Survey work was undertaken over ten consecutive days and surveys comprised of:

systematic trapping for ground-dwelling mammals, reptiles and amphibians at the four systematic sites

avifauna surveys at systematic and opportunistic sites

recording of bat echolocation calls using Song Meter 2 devices at systematic trapping sites

spotlighting for nocturnal species at systematic trapping and opportunistic sites

active searches at systematic trapping and opportunistic sites

recording of opportunistic sightings at systematic trapping and opportunistic sites

infrared motion camera trapping at six selected sites in areas that showed signs of animal movement or disturbance, or provided potential habitat for conservation significant species

targeted searching for species of conservation significance

systematic grid-based searches (spaced at 10 – 20 m grid intervals) for characteristic mounds in suitable habitat for Malleefowl (Figure 3-1)

targeted searching areas of potential habitat for the Western Spiny-tailed Skink. (Figure 3-1).

Survey methods undertaken at each systematic trap site and opportunistic sites are displayed in Table 3-1. The survey components are described in more detail in the sections 3.3.1 to 3.3.8.

Table 3-1 Survey methods used to sample vertebrate fauna at survey sites

Site Systematic trapping Avifauna survey Bat echolocation

call recordings Spotlighting Active Searches

Motion camera trapping

Site 1

Site 2

Site 3

Site 4

Opp 01

Opp 02

Opp 03

Opp 04

Opp 05

Opp 06

Opp 07

Opp 08



3.3.1 Systematic trapping site for ground dwelling mammals, reptiles and amphibians

Survey methods at the four systematic trapping sites aimed to catch terrestrial mammals, reptiles and amphibians. The grids comprised ten pit traps consisting of five PVC pipes (15 cm diameter x 50 cm depth) and five buckets (20 L) installed at approximately 10 to 20 m intervals along a transect. The pits were installed flush with the substrate, with a 5 m long and 30 cm high aluminium drift fence bisecting each pit. One drift fence with associated traps is referred to as a ‘trap line’. Traps were left open overnight and checked within three hours of sunrise.

Twenty funnel traps measuring 75 cm x 18 cm x 18 cm were placed at each end of the ten aluminium drift fences. Twenty small Elliott traps (9 cm x 10 cm x 33 cm) were placed in pairs, parallel to each of the ten pit traps at each site. Two Sheffield cage traps (60 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm) were positioned at the first and last trap line of each site. (Figure 3-2).

Figure 3-2 Systematic trapping site conceptual layout

The Elliott and Sheffield traps were baited with a ‘universal bait’ consisting of rolled oats, peanut butter and sardines to attract small mammals.

Elliott, Sheffield and funnel traps were shrouded with reflective closed cell insulation (R2.5 rated) to provide shade and protection from the elements and predators for any captured animals. All traps, including the cages, were given as much shade as possible, including leaf litter cover if necessary. Styrofoam trays and leaf litter were used to provide shade in the bottom of pit traps and act as a floatation device if flooding occurred.

Remote motion sensor cameras were deployed at some systematic trapping sites (Sites 1, 2 and 4) to record species unable to be trapped, including large mammals and reptiles such as macropods and monitors. Motion camera trapping is covered in more detail in section 3.3.7.

The total vertebrate trapping effort for the four systematic trapping sites during the surveys was 1,456 trap-nights (Table 3-1); where a trap-night is defined as one trap remaining open for one night.

Table 3-2 Summary of trapping effort

Site # Nights open

# pit traps

# funnel traps

# Elliott traps

# cage traps

# camera

traps

Pit trap

nights

Funnel trap

nights

Elliott trap

nights

Cage trap

nights

Camera trap

nights

Total trap

nights

1 7 10 20 20 2 2 70 140 140 14 14 378

2 7 10 20 20 2 1 70 140 140 14 7 371

3 7 10 20 20 2 1 70 140 140 14 7 371

4 7 10 20 20 2 2 70 140 140 14 14 378 TOTAL 1491



3.3.2 Avifauna surveys

Six, 20 minute bird surveys were undertaken at four systematic trapping and seven opportunistic sites. Avifauna surveys were conducted in blocks of 20 or 40 minute blocks to obtain sufficient records as some species’ return to a site is often delayed after initial disturbance from arrival at the area. Surveys were confined to the habitat type represented by each trapping site in order to collect assemblage data for each habitat type. The surveys were conducted from sunrise to 10:30 am, which is generally a period of high activity for birds. Surveys consisted of bird recordings from either visual sightings or call recognition.

Additional 20 minute surveys were also undertaken at opportunistic sites. Opportunistic sightings were also recorded while other field work was being completed, including observations made during spotlighting, active searches and images captured by camera trapping (sections 3.3.4 and 3.3.7).

3.3.3 Bat echolocation call recordings

Song Meter 2 recording devices were used to record bat echolocation calls at each systematic trapping site. In total, three nights of surveying were conducted, recording between 10 and 12 continuous hours per night. Detectors were aimed at a 45° angle to the ground and were set to record overnight.

The recorded data was analyzed by Bob Bullen (Bat Call WA), an expert in the field (Appendix 3)

3.3.4 Spotlighting

Spotlighting was undertaken at all systematic trapping sites and five opportunistic sites to detect the presence of any nocturnal vertebrate species. The total time spent spotlighting at each site was a minimum of two person hours, for a total of nine hours over the survey period.

Nocturnal searches were undertaken between sunset and 2200 hours when activity levels are generally at the highest for most nocturnal species. Each nocturnal survey consisted of searches using head torches to detect animal movement, eye shine, or other evidence of species presence. These searches particularly targeted reptiles and amphibians, but also nocturnal birds. Opportunistic sightings of species on roads using car-mounted spotlights were also recorded.

3.3.5 Active searches

Active surveys primarily targeted diurnal herpetofauna and mammals from direct sightings and secondary evidence of species occurrence. Active searching was undertaken at all systematic trapping sites and opportunistic sites.

Active surveys comprised searches of any observable microhabitats likely to support mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Techniques included: raking leaf and bark litter, overturning logs and stones, searching beneath the bark of trees, investigating dead trees and logs, investigating overhangs and crevices, investigating burrows, and recording tracks, diggings, scats and other secondary evidence. A minimum of two person hours was spent active searching at each site and totalled nine hours over the survey period.

3.3.6 Opportunistic records

All opportunistic observations of vertebrate species were recorded during the surveys. Opportunistic or non-systematic sampling involved recording all sightings of vertebrate fauna species while



working and travelling within the study area, day and night. Opportunistic records included species sighted:

before or just after the fixed-time of active searches or bird censuses

during reconnaissance visits to the survey sites

during trap line establishment

while travelling to and from the survey sites.

3.3.7 Motion camera trapping

Camera traps increase the chance of collecting evidence of animals that are not likely to be captured or sighted using the regular surveying techniques. They are particularly useful for detecting species that are difficult to trap or detect due to their shy or cryptic nature. Such animals include Northern Quoll; Rothschild’s Rock Wallaby and introduced foxes, cats and dogs.

Fourteen infrared motion-sensor camera traps (Reconyx HyperfireTM HC600 and Bushnell Trophy Cam Trail CameraTM) were deployed at six selected sites in areas that showed signs of animal movement or disturbance, or provided potential habitat for conservation significant species (Figure 4-3). These included areas within potential Malleefowl habitat and at opportunistic sites where systematic trapping sites were not deployed. Motion cameras were also deployed in an area with a recorded Malleefowl mound to determine presence with minimal disturbance (see examples in Figure 3-3 and Figure 3-4).

Cameras were deployed for up to seven nights at each location. Each camera was set to take between three and ten consecutive pictures or between 10 and 30 seconds of footage (depending on where the camera was installed and unit capabilities) every time a movement was detected, 24 hours a day. The cameras contained no-glow infrared sensors and flashes to minimise disturbance to nocturnal species.



Figure 3-3 Australian Raven recorded during the survey

Figure 3-4 Malleefowl pair recorded during the survey



3.3.8 Targeted searching

Targeted searches were undertaken throughout the study area for evidence of conservation significant species, particularly Malleefowl and the Western Spiny-tailed Skink (Egernia stokesii badia), (Figure 3-1).

Targeted Malleefowl searches were undertaken using systematic grid based searches where field staff walked through areas of potential habitat spaced roughly 10-20 m apart. Searches allow for identification and recording of an individual if flushed from cover. Grid based searches allowed zoologists to easily survey areas for secondary evidence of the species, such as characteristic mounds in various stages of use, feathers, tracks, scratchings or deceased individuals.

Targeted searches for the Western Spiny-tailed Skink involved intensive searches in areas of potential habitat (Salmon Gum woodlands). Dead and partially hollowed fallen branches were investigated for specimens and secondary evidence, including latrine (scat mound) sites at the base of or below hollow entrances.

3.4 TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE

The taxonomy and nomenclature used in this report follows several sources, depending on the fauna group:

mammals (Menkhorst & Knight 2011)

birds (Christidis & Boles 2008)

reptiles (Wilson & Swan 2010)

amphibians (Tyler & Doughty 2009).

Recent taxonomy and nomenclature changes and updates produced since the above publications have also been incorporated. For example, species revisions or newly described species detailed in recent taxonomic papers have been included.

Some species records from previous surveys near the study have been updated with the publications above for consistency. For example, the Lerista mulleri species complex has since been revised and L.mulleri no longer occurs in the area, instead Lerista kingi is distributed in the area (Smith & Adams 2007). The gecko genus Diplodactylus has undergone some revision since early surveys and some species were moved to the resurrected genus Lucasium (Doughty et al. 2008). The Pygmy Spiny-tailed Skink (Egernia depressa) species complex was recently revised; however the species occurring in the study area has remained as Egernia depressa (Doughty et al. 2011).

3.5 STATISTICAL ANALYSES

Species accumulation curves were generated from all systematically recorded data from the surveys (species captured at the vertebrate trapping sites, and the ornithological records collected at the each trapping site) using PRIMER v5.0 software.

Species accumulation curves provide a tool with which to gauge the completeness of a sampling event. A curve that reaches an asymptote indicates that the sample design, size and timing were sufficient and appropriate to inventory a majority of the expected target faunal assemblage.

The data set was not transformed prior to calculations and was based on abundance data. The data was permutated 999 times as part of the calculation process. The total assemblage recorded (systematically) at each site over the seven trapping nights formed the basis of the analysis. The analysis was performed for the entire assemblage simultaneously and for each taxonomic group



(birds, reptiles and mammals (including monotremes). The Jacknife 2 and Bootstrap methods were performed.

3.6 SURVEY PERSONNEL AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Level 2 vertebrate fauna survey was conducted by experienced zoologists (Table 3-2).

Table 3-3 Project team

Name Qualifications Role/s

Mr Ryan Ellis Dip. (Cons. Land Mgt) Project Manager, Zoologist

Field survey, report writing, GIS

Mr Tom Parkin B. Sc. (Env. Mgt) Zoologist

Field survey

Dr Sean Doody B. Sc. (Zool.) M. Sc. (Biol. Sci.) Ph.D. (App. Sci.)

Senior Zoologist

Field survey



4 RESULTS

4.1 DESKTOP REVIEW

A total of 225 vertebrate fauna species were identified in the desktop review as potentially occurring in the study area (Appendix 2). This comprised 30 mammals (23 native and seven introduced), 131 birds, 57 reptiles and seven amphibians. As some of the database records are historical, the search results are likely to overestimate the number of vertebrate species that may currently use the study area.

Fourteen species of conservation significance were identified as potentially occurring during the desktop review. Of the 14 species identified, seven species are listed as Vulnerable or Endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and/or Schedule 1 (fauna that is rare or likely to become extinct) or Schedule 4 (fauna in need of special protection) under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act) (Table 4-1). Four of the species are listed as Priority on the Department of Environment and Conservation’s Priority list and the remaining three are listed as Migratory under the EPBC Act (Table 4-1).

Database searches and review of reports from previous surveys in the area identified specimens which were not identified to species level. A Dunnart (Sminthopsis) species (Richards et al. 2011a) and a two burrowing frog (Neobatrachus) species (Bancroft & Bamford 2006; Richards et al. 2011a) were only identified to genus level in previous surveys. Some species occurring within these two genera can be difficult to identify. It is unclear why these species were not identified, and whether they represent unknown variation among occurring species or are potentially unidentified species.

Table 4-1 Conservation significant species identified through desktop review as occurring or potentially occurring in the study area

Common name Scientific name EPBC Act Category

WC Act Category

DEC Priority listing

Birds

Australian Bustard Ardeotis australis P4

Australian Painted Snipe

Rostratula australis /Rostratula benghalensis australis1

Mig.

S3 (Mig.) / S1

Crested Bellbird (wheatbelt)

Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis

P4

Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta Mig. S3 (Mig.)

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Mig. S3 (Mig.)

Hooded Plover Thinornis rubricollis P4

Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo Cacatua leadbeateri S4

Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata VU S1

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus S4




WC Act Category


Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Mig. S3 (Mig.)

Shy Heathwren Hylacola cauta whitlocki P4

Slender-billed Thornbill Acanthiza iredalei iredalei VU

Reptiles

Gilled Slender Blue-tongue

Cyclodomorphus branchialis S1

Western Spiny-tailed Skink Egernia stokesii badia EN S1 EN – Endangered (EPBC Act); VU – Vulnerable (EPBC Act); S1 – Schedule 1 (WC Act); S4 – Schedule 4 (WC Act) P1 – Priority 1 (DEC); P2 – Priority 2 (DEC); P3 – Priority 3 (DEC); P4 – Priority 4 (DEC); Mig. – Migratory species (EPBC Act). 1 – There are two listings under the WC Act; however, the two are now considered as one species, Rostratula australis

4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

Records from Dalwallinu weather station from 28 May to 6 June 2012 show below average rainfall compared with the long term average, with no rain recorded during the survey period (Figure 4-1). Similar rainfall was recorded in 2011 with scattered rainfall across May and June. During the survey period, mean daily minimum temperatures were below average for the first half (10.2oC) of the survey then above average (7.1oC) for the second half. Mean daily maximum temperatures were close to and above average.

Significant below annual average temperatures were recorded in the week prior to the survey with the daily minimum temperatures below 5oC (24-5: 4oC and 25-5: 4.6oC) on two days. Daily minimums increased to annual mean minimum temperatures (May: 10.2oC and June 7.1oC) mid-way through the survey.



Figure 4-1 Temperature and rainfall variables collected during the field surveys (BOM 2012)

4.3 HABITAT DESCRIPTIONS

The four systematic trapping sites represented the full range of fauna habitats found within the study area (Figure 4-2; Table 4-2). The study area contains the following fauna habitats:

Mixed open-dense shrublands (473.1 ha, 52.9% of the study area): this habitat is the most represented in the study area. The density and height of shrubs is variable with both dense and open patches. The understorey cover is poor in most areas across the study area due to grazing by livestock and introduced herbivores (goats) and a drought period during the previous decade. The substrate is a red/brown loam and clay strewn with stones/pebbles/gravel in some areas. This habitat occurs throughout the study area, particularly in the western half.

Open Eucalyptus woodland (420.4.4 ha, 47.1% of the study area): the second most represented habitat, mostly found across the eastern half of the study area. The vegetation structure is largely open with poor understorey cover over a red/brown loam and clay. Some minor rocky breakaways occur in the south east of the study area.

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Figure 4-2 Fauna habitats of thestudy area



Table 4-2 Habitat descriptions of the systematic trapping sites

Site number 1 Site type Trap Site Latitude -29.6453 Longitude 117.2235 Impact / Non-impact area Impact area Habitat Plain Habitat type Woodland; Shrubland Dominant tree Melaleuca Tree cover 26-50% Dominant shrub Other Shrub cover 26-50% Dominant grass NONE Grass cover 0% Slope Gentle Soil texture Clay Loam Soil colour Red /Brown Surface Stones; Loose Soil Rock cover 25-50% Leaf litter distribution 25-50% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Moderate Disturbance details Grazing – Med; Vehicle Tracks Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Melaleuca woodland with scattered eucalypts and various small to med shrubs. Rocky areas and rock piles present around site.



Site number 2 Site type Trap Site Latitude -29.6569 Longitude 117.2322 Impact / Non-impact area Impact area Habitat Flood Plain Habitat type Open Woodland Dominant tree Eucalyptus / Corymbia Tree cover 26-50% Dominant shrub Acacia Shrub cover 0-25% Dominant grass Other Grass cover 0-25% Slope Gentle Soil texture Clay Loam Soil colour Red / Brown Surface Loose soil Rock cover 0-25% Leaf litter distribution 25-50% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Dense Disturbance details Vehicle Tracks Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Open Eucalypt woodland. Scattered clumps of eucalypts with sparse understory. Understory associated around eucalypts with acacias and various small shrubs. Plentiful dead wood scattered, providing habitat structure.



Site number 3 Site type Trap Site Latitude -29.6817 Longitude 117.2266 Impact / Non-impact area Non-impact area Habitat Drainage line Habitat type Riparian Zone; Shrubland Dominant tree Other Tree cover 0-25% Dominant shrub Acacia Shrub cover 51-75% Dominant grass NONE Grass cover 0-25% Slope Gentle Soil texture Clay Loam Soil colour Red / Orange Surface Slight cracking; Loose soil Rock cover 0-25% Leaf litter distribution 25-50% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Moderate Disturbance details Grazing- Low; Vehicle Tracks; Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Melaleuca species over acacia species over mixed dense shrubs small/medium shrubs. Dry floodplain area/riparian shrubs. Loamy clay substrate. Scattered eucalypts along drainage line. Mixed dense shrubs to 1.5m.



Site number 4 Site type Trap Site Latitude -29.6647 Longitude 117.2256 Impact / Non-impact area Non-impact area Habitat Drainage Line Habitat type Woodland Dominant tree Eucalyptus / Corymbia Tree cover 0-25% Dominant shrub Acacia Shrub cover 26-50% Dominant grass NONE Grass cover 0-25% Slope Gentle Soil texture Sandy Clay Soil colour Brown Surface Loose soil Rock cover 0-25% Leaf litter distribution 25-50% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Moderate Disturbance details Grazing – Med; Erosion Channels Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Open Eucalypt woodland fringing drainage line (not flowing) with scattered patches of dense small to larrge shrubs, various species.



4.4 FAUNA RECORDS

The survey recorded 80 vertebrate species representing three classes of vertebrate taxa (Table 4-1; Appendix 2). This represents 35.5% of the 225 species that could potentially occur in the study area according to the results of the desktop review. The recorded assemblage was dominated by birds with 50 species recorded from 291 records.

Five species not identified in the desktop review were recorded during the survey consisting of four mammal and one bird species:

Desert Mouse (Pseudomys desertor) – species identification yet to be confirmed - currently awaiting DNA analysis

Hill’s Sheathtail-bat (Taphozous hilli)

Inland Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens balstoni)

Southern Free-tail Bat (Mormopterus sp. 3 /4)

Diamond Dove (Geopelia cuneata).

Two species of conservation significance were recorded during the survey; Malleefowl and Crested Bellbird. The Malleefowl is listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act, and Schedule 1 under the WC Act. The Crested Bellbird is Priority 4 on the DEC Priority list (Figure 4-3; section 4.4.3). No species of birds listed as ‘Migratory’ under the EPBC Act were recorded.

Table 4-3 Vertebrate taxa recorded during the survey and the total number of species potentially occurring in the study area

Taxa No. of species recorded during this survey

Total no. of species potentially occurring in study area1

Mammals (native) 13 23

Mammals (introduced) 5 7

Birds 50 131

Reptiles 12 57

Amphibians 0 7

Total fauna species 80 225

1 - Data derived from relevant literature, published and unpublished reports, and various databases (Section 3.1).



4.4.1 Statistical analysis

The species accumulation curves generated from the systematically recorded dataset indicate that across the three groups (avifauna, mammals aand reptiles), a majority of the assemblage was recorded (Figure 4-4a), particularly with regard to the Jacknife2 indice. The data from Table 4-3; however, suggest that the majority of species remain undetected (64.5%). When looking at the curves for each group however, it is apparent that avifauna are largly driving the flattening of the curve (Figure 4-4b); Again, particulary the Jacknife 2 indice. For mammals (Figure 4-4c) and reptiles (Figure 4-4d), however, there is almost no flattening of the curve (Figure 4-4c and d), suggesting that a number of mammals and reptiles remain undetected.

The curves for individual groups as well as the data in Table 4-3 therefore suggest that a follow up survey would likely detected additional species and thus provide a more thorough understanding of the local assemblage and likely impacts expected from the Project.



a)

b)

c)

d)

Figure 4-4 Species accumulation curves for the total assemblage (a), avifauna (b), mammals (c) and reptiles (d) from the Level 2 fauna survey



4.4.2 Mammals

A total of 18 mammal species were recorded in the study area, including eight species of bats and five introduced species (Table 4-4). Records from the survey represent 60% of the potential 30 species that could potentially occur in the study area according to the results of the desktop review. The dominant families recorded during the survey were Vespertilionidae (Ordinary Bats) with four species, and Muridae (Rodents) with three species recorded.

No mammals of conservation significance were recorded during the survey; nor were any expected to occur (see Section 3.1 and Appendix 2).

Four of the recorded species are new to the study area (i.e. not previously recorded during previous surveys in the area, nor returned in the database searches used during the desktop review):

Desert Mouse (Pseudomys desertor) – species identification yet to be confirmed - currently awaiting DNA analysis

Hill’s Sheathtail-bat (Taphozous hilli)

Inland Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens balstoni)

Southern Free-tail Bat (Mormopterus sp. 3 /4).

A single specimen of Desert Mouse (Pseudomys desertor) was recorded at site three, three times during the survey. The specimen was photographed and a tissue sample collected to further confirm species identification. Upon return to Perth the photos were sent to staff at the Western Australian Museum where the specimen was identified as Pseudomys desertor. Footpad morphology, which is commonly used to identify rodent species, was well within the expected pattern of Pseudomys desertor (R. How, pers. comm., 11 June 2012).

This particular record represents a significant southerly range extension for the species. The nearest record of the Desert Mouse is located 321 km to the north east (Figure 4-5) of the study area (DEC 2012). Genetic analysis of tissue collected from the specimen during the survey will be analysed to confirm if the specimen’s identification is correct.

The records of the three bat species that have not been previously recorded in the area are within the known range of each of the species. Hill’s Sheathtail-bat and Finlayson’s Cave Bat were recorded in large numbers, which is unusual for the bioregion. The two species are common in the Murchison bioregion to the north; however, records in the Avon Wheatbelt bioregion are sporadic (B. Bullen 2012, pers. comm., 12 June). The Southern Free-tail Bat represents Mormopterus species 3 or 4. The two species echolocation calls are not easily distinguished and both species are known to occur in the region. (B. Bullen 2012, pers. comm., 12 June).

Table 4-4 Mammal species recorded during the survey

Family; Species Common Name Desktop survey

Current Survey

Canidae Canis lupus Dog/Dingo Vulpes vulpes Red Fox Dasyuridae Sminthopsis dolichura Little long-tailed Dunnart Felidae




Current Survey

Felis catus Cat Emballonuridae Taphozous hilli Hill's Sheathtail-bat Leporidae Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit Macropodidae Macropus fuliginosus Western Grey Kangaroo Molossidae Mormopterus sp. (sp. 3 or sp. 4) (formerly planiceps complex) Southern Freetail-bat Tadarida australis White-striped Freetail-bat Muridae Mus musculus House Mouse Pseudomys desertor Desert Mouse Pseudomys hermannsburgensis Sandy Inland Mouse Tachyglossidae Tachyglossus aculeatus Echidna Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus gouldii Gould's Wattled Bat Chalinolobus morio Chocolate Wattled Bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi Lesser Long-eared Bat Scotorepens balstoni Inland Broad-nosed Bat Vespadelus finlaysoni Finlayson's Cave Bat

Figure 4-5 Location of Desert Mouse recorded in relation to theMummaloo Project



4.4.3 Avifauna

A total of 50 bird species were recorded in the study area during the survey (Table 4-5). This represents 38% of the 131 species that could potentially occur in the study area according to the results of the desktop review. The dominant family recorded during the survey was Meliphagidae (Honeyeaters) with eight species recorded.

Two species of conservation significance were recorded during the survey (see section 5 for more detail):

Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) EPBC Vulnerable, WC Act Schedule 1

Crested Bellbird (Wheatbelt) (Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis) DEC Priority 4.

Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) was recorded three times during the survey (Figure 4-3). Records of the Malleefowl included an active mound (signs of recent activity), a dead individual and a pair recorded using the located active mound above.

A distinctive mound created by the Malleefowl located during previous surveys in the study area was identified and investigated during the survey. Upon inspection the mound showed signs of recent activity by the species, including mound construction and scratchings around the mound where building material was collected.

Three camera traps were deployed on the mound for seven consecutive nights. The remote camera traps captured images of a pair of Malleefowl on a daily basis at the mound (Figure 4-6). Motion sensor cameras were set up to capture three consecutive images when triggered by a motion. A total of 181 motions triggered the camera, resulting in 543 images captures of the pair (Appendix 5). Images showed activity generally occurring between 6440 and 1125 hours daily, and included mound maintenance and potential courtship behavior.

A deceased individual was recorded north of the mound during further searches of the area. The cause of death could not be determined due to the stage of decomposition of the corpse. The dead individual was located on a track; however, the specimen didn’t appear to be a road mortality. Evidence of scavenging by dog, red fox or cat was evident, but may have taken place after death.

Additional potential habitat for Malleefowl was identified in the study area during the survey; however, no additional individuals or secondary evidence were observed (Figure 4-7). The species is often associated with mallee woodlands and moderate to dense shrublands. The active mound located during the survey was located in open shrubland with only low to moderate cover so consideration has been given to the species possibly utilising areas of open to dense shrubland across the study area.

The Crested Bellbird (Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis) was recorded five times during the survey across all four systematic trapping sites (Figure 4-3).

One of the recorded species, the Diamond Dove (Geopelia cuneata) is new to the study area (i.e. not previously recorded during previous surveys in the area, nor returned in database searches).

Despite systematic and opportunistic bird surveys, and targeted searches during the survey no other species of conservation significance were recorded. Additional species of conservation significance that are likely to occur within the study area include:

Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo (Cacatua leadbeateri) WC Act Schedule 4

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) WC Act Schedule 4

Rainbow Bee-eater (Merops ornatus) EPBC Migratory, WC Act Schedule 3

Shy Heathwren (Hylacola cauta whitlocki) DEC Priority 4.



Australian Bustard (Ardeotis australis) DEC Priority 4

Fork-tailed Swift (Apus pacificus) EPBC Migratory, WC Act Schedule 3

Table 4-5 Bird species recorded during the survey


Current Survey

Acanthizidae Acanthiza uropygialis Chestnut-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza apicalis Inland Thornbill Pyrrholaemus brunneus Redthroat Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill Gerygone fusca Western Gerygone Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill Accipitridae Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle Artamidae Artamus cinereus Black-faced Woodswallow Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis Pied Butcherbird Cacatuidae Eolophus roseicapillus Galah Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli Red-tailed Black Cockatoo Casuariidae Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu Climacteridae Climacteris rufa Rufous Treecreeper Columbidae Phaps chalcoptera Common Bronzewing Geopelia cuneata Diamond Dove Corvidae Corvus coronoides Australian Raven Corvus orru Torresian Crow Cuculidae Cacomantis pallidus Pallid Cuckoo Eupetidae Cinclosoma castanotum Chestnut Quail-thrush Falconidae Falco longipennis Australian Hobby Hirundinidae Petrochelidon nigricans Tree Martin Maluridae Malurus pulcherrimus Blue-breasted Fairy-wren Malurus splendens Splendid Fairy-wren Megapodiidae




Current Survey

Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl Meliphagidae Melithreptus brevirostris Brown-headed Honeyeater Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird Lichenostomus virescens Singing Honeyeater Acanthagenys rufogularis Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater Lichenostomus leucotis White-eared Honeyeater Purnella albifrons White-fronted Honeyeater Lichenostomus ornatus Yellow-plumed Honeyeater Manorina flavigula Yellow-throated Miner Pachycephalidae Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis Crested Bellbird (wheatbelt) Pachycephala pectoralis Golden Whistler Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush Pachycephala rufiventris Rufous Whistler Pardalotidae Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote Petroicidae Microeca fascinans Jacky Winter Petroica goodenovii Red-capped Robin Drymodes brunneopygia Southern Scrub-robin Eopsaltria griseogularis Western Yellow Robin Podargidae Podargus strigoides Tawny Frogmouth Pomatostomatidae Pomatostomus superciliosus White-browed Babbler Psittacidae Barnardius zonarius Australian Ringneck Polytelis anthopeplus Regent Parrot Rhipiduridae Rhipidura albiscapa Grey Fantail Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail Strigidae Ninox novaeseelandiae Southern Boobook Turnicidae Turnix varius Painted Button-quail


Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 40 40

Figure 4-6 Malleefowl pair recorded at mound during the survey

Figure 4-7 Potential Malleefowl habitat identified during the survey



4.4.4 Reptiles

A total of 12 reptile species were recorded during the survey in the study area (Table 4-6). Records from the survey represent 21% of the potential 57 species that could potentially occur in the study area according to the results of the desktop review. The most common family recorded was Scincidae (skinks) with four species recorded followed by Varanidae (monitors) and Gekkonidae (geckos), each with two species recorded.

Two specimens of Morethia butleri were also obtained from wet pitfall traps for a short-range endemic (SRE) invertebrate survey for the Project (undertaken by Bennelongia in June 2012).

No species of conservation significance were recorded during the survey; however, potential habitat was identified for the Western Spiny-tailed Skink (Egernia stokesii badia; EPBC: Endangered, WC Act: Schedule 1) (Figure 4-8) and the Gilled Slender Blue-tongue (Cyclodomorphus branchialis; WC Act: Schedule 1, DEC: Vulnerable) (Figure 4-9).

The eucalypt woodlands with moderate to dense shrub understorey provide suitable habitat for the Western Spiny-tailed Skink, with the presence in patches of fallen branches that contain suitable hollows the species is likely to inhabit. Areas offering a sandy and/or loamy substrates supporting open to dense low vegetation cover provide suitable habitat for the Gilled Slender Blue-tongue.

No specimens of Western Spiny-tailed Skink were recorded despite targeted searches for this species. Daily temperatures during the survey; however, were not optimum for the species and if present individuals would have been hiding deep in available hollows. Western Spiny-tailed Skinks have been recorded previously on the Mount Gibson pastoral lease (Australian Wildlife Coservancy 2009). The species has a distinctive behaviour of depositing faecal droppings (scats) outside of used refuges, in a pile or cluster which is readily identifiable even if individuals are not visible or hiding beneath shelter. No such scat piles were identified by Phoenix during the survey.

Table 4-6 Reptile species recorded during the survey


Current Survey

Agamidae Ctenophorus reticulatus Western Netted Dragon Carphodactylidae Underwoodisaurus milii Barking Gecko Diplodactylidae Oedura reticulata Reticulated Velvet Gecko Gekkonidae Gehyra variegata Variegated Tree Dtella Heteronotia binoei Bynoe’s Gecko Pygopodidae Delma australis Marble-faced Delma Scincidae Cryptoblepharus buchananii Buchanan’s Snake-eyed Skink Lerista king (formerly L.muelleri King’s Lerista Menetia greyii Common Dwarf Skink Morethia butleri Butler’s Morethia




Current Survey

Varanidae Varanus caudolineatus Stripe-tailed Pygmy Monitor Varanus gouldii Bungarra or Sand Monitor

Figure 4-8 Potential WesternSpiny-tailed Skink habitat identified during the survey

Figure 4-9 Potential Gilled Slender Blue-tongue habitat identified during the survey



4.4.5 Amphibians

No amphibians were recorded during the survey. No amphibian species of conservation significance are likely to occur within the study area.

4.5 LIMITATIONS

Guidance Statement 56 (EPA 2004) identifies potential limitations that may be encountered in fauna surveys. With respect to this guidance, the following limitations were encountered in this survey:

Numerous other surveys of similar scope have been undertaken within close proximity to the study area. Annual surveys are undertaken by AWC in the Mount Gibson pastoral lease; however although requested, the results of these surveys and other relevant data were not made available for this survey. Temperature had a significant effect on the number of species and abundance of individual reptiles captured during the survey. Lower than average temperatures in the week leading up to the field survey are likely to have caused reduced activity for many species, particularly herpetofauna. Cooler weather during the day and nights reduced the movement of many species, especially reptiles and frogs. Disturbance of Elliot traps at survey sites by Ravens was problematic at all four sites. Once the birds discovered the potential food source within the traps they regularly attempted to retrieve baits causing the traps to be set off, reducing likelihood of capturing individuals.



5 CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANT SPECIES This section provides an overview of the conservation significant species that were either recorded in the surveys or identified in the desktop review as potentially occurring. An assessment of the potential for each species to be present in the study area is provided.

The Malleefowl and the Crested Bellbird were the only two conservation significant species recorded in the survey. A further eight conservation significant species have the potential to occur within the study area. Four conservation significant species identified in the desktop review are considered unlikely to occur in the study area due to lack of suitable habitat.

5.1.1.1 Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata)

Status: Vulnerable (EPBC Act), Schedule 1 (WC Act)

Distribution and ecology: The Malleefowl is found across the southern half of the Australian continent and is the only Megapodiidae in the South-west Region. In Western Australia, the majority of the population is found south of a line from Shark Bay to the Nullarbor Plain. In the extreme south-west of WA, the species displays a patchy distribution. Recent work (Parsons et al. 2008) highlighted the substantial contraction of the Malleefowl distributional range in Western Australia.

The Malleefowl is a mound builder. Pairs are territorial. The eggs (on average 16) are laid in a chamber over which the male builds a mound from soil and leaf litter material. The combination of solar heat and fermenting plant material provides the heat required for egg incubation.

Malleefowl are typically found in mallee woodlands but also in eucalyptus woodlands and shrublands. The decline of the species is due to several factors: land clearing, habitat fragmentation, predation from introduced predators, altered fire regime, competition for food with stock, road kill and the bio-accumulation of chemicals used in agriculture (Garnett et al. 2011). In order to respond to the dramatic decrease experienced by Malleefowl throughout Australia a National Recovery Plan was launched in 2007 (Benshemesh 2007). In Western Australia, a Strategic Action Plan was enacted for the 2005–2010 period (Western Australian Malleefowl Network 2006).

Records and likely distribution in the study area: The Malleefowl was recorded three times during the survey (Figure 4-3). A single active mound, a dead individual located during targeted searches and a pair recorded by two motion sensor cameras were identified in an area of open shrubland. Malleefowl have been recorded using the same mound in consecutive years if the site is suitable (Priddel & Wheeler 2003). Additional potential habitat for Malleefowl was identified in the study area during the survey; however, no additional specimens or secondary evidence was located (Figure 4-7).

Given the location of the three records and habitat they were recorded in during the survey it is likely the species occurs in areas of open to dense shrubland across the study area. Additional mounds may be constructed by males with territory across the study area. The Malleefowl has been recorded a number of times in the area surrounding the study area, particularly on the Mount Gibson pastoral lease (DEC 2012).

5.1.1.2 Crested Bellbird (Wheatbelt) (Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis)

Status: Priority 4 (DEC)

Distribution and ecology: The nominate race of the Crested Bellbird is found across the southern half of the Australian continent. In WA, this subspecies is only found along the north-eastern boundary of the wheatbelt and extends along the western border of the Nullarbor Plain.



Crested Bellbirds (wheatbelt) are found in a various range of wooded or open habitats (spinifex plain) that supports shrubs. They mainly feed on the ground, searching for invertebrates. Clutch size varies from two to four eggs.

In WA, habitat clearing is responsible for the decline of the species that seems to be highly sensitive to associated fragmentation (Garnett et al. 2011).

Records and likely distribution in the study area: The Crested Bellbird was recorded five times during the survey across all four systematic trapping sites while undertaking bird surveys (Figure 4-3). It is likely the Crested Bellbird occurs throughout the study area.

5.1.1.3 Australian Bustard (Ardeotis australis)


Distribution and ecology: The Australian Bustard or Rankurrji, as it is referred to in the local Aboriginal language, is the heaviest flying bird in Australia (Ziembicki 2010). They are nomadic, are distributed across much of the northern arid areas of the state and may be found singly, in pairs or family parties. Abundance will vary seasonally according to rainfall and food availability (Johnstone & Storr 1998).

The species has a broad preference for open habitats, ranging from open grassland plains to low shrub lands and grassy open woodlands. They tend to avoid densely vegetated areas and favour flat terrain over hilly areas. They may also be associated with watercourses, particularly in more arid regions (Ziembicki 2010).

Bustards have a broad omnivorous diet that includes seeds, fruits, leaves, flowers, green shoots, various invertebrates and small vertebrates. They are highly opportunistic and will gorge on favoured food items when available (Ziembicki 2009). Breeding takes place from March to September (mainly March to April and July to August). One to three (commonly one) eggs are laid on bare, preferably stony ground, by a bush or tussock (Johnstone & Storr 1998).

Records and likely distribution in the study area: The Australian Bustard was not recorded during the survey. Scattered records of the species from areas around the study area show the species is not commonly recorded in the region but it may occur within the study area. The nearest record of the Australian Bustard is approximately 30 km to the northeast of the study area near Lake Moore (DEC 2012).

5.1.1.4 Australian Painted Snipe (Rostratula australis)

Status: Migratory (EPBC Act), Schedule 1 / Schedule 3 (Migratory; WC Act)

Distribution and ecology: The Australian Painted Snipe is one of the most secretive Australian shorebirds. The species is found inland as well as on the coast across continental Australia with a vast majority of the records on the east coast. In WA records are almost exclusively from the south-west and the Kimberley. Until recently this was considered a subspecies of Rostratula benghalensis but it is now recognised as a full species endemic to Australia (Christidis & Boles 2008).

The Australian Painted Snipe feeds and breeds in shallow water surrounded by dense vegetation. The species has seena significant decline in the last 40 years across all of its range. Causes of the decline vary depending on location. Habitat degradation is usually the main factor (drainage, agriculture). The current population is estimated to be around 1500 individuals (Geering et al. 2007).

Records and likely distribution in the study area: It is unlikely the Australian Painted Snipe will occur in the study area as insufficient habitat is available. The species is likely to use habitat present around the Lake Moore salt lake located approximately 26 km to the east of the study area.



5.1.1.5 Eastern Great Egret (Ardea modesta)

Status: Migratory (EPBC Act), Schedule 3 (Migratory; WC Act)

Distribution and ecology: The Eastern Great Egret can be found in inland rivers, lakes and shallow freshwater or saltwater wetlands and inundated samphire. This species is highly mobile and can be found throughout most of the western fringes of the State in coastal areas and towards the semi-arid interior (Johnstone & Storr 1998). In the Gascoyne region, the species is mostly seen in the south (Storr 1985).

Records and likely distribution in the study area: The species is unlikely to occur in the study area; however it is likely to occur around the Lake Moore area or other watercourses and dams in the area surrounding the study area.

5.1.1.6 Fork-tailed Swift (Apus pacificus)


Distribution and ecology: The Fork-tailed Swift is a widespread migratory species that overwinters in Australia. It can be found across most of Western Australia and is uncommon to moderately common in the northwest. They are mostly found over inland plains, and also above foothills, in coastal areas and over settlements. They occur in a wide range of dry or open habitats, including riparian woodlands, tea-tree swamps, low scrub, heathland, saltmarsh, grassland and spinifex sandplains, open farmland and inland and coastal sand-dunes. Fork-tailed Swifts are often found in areas that experience updraughts around cliffs, and normally forage several hundred metres above ground level (DSEWPC 2011a).

Records and likely distribution in the study area: The species was not recorded during the survey; however, it is likely the species may occur in the study area during summer. Occurrence of the Fork-tailed Swift is often in relation to climatic conditions such as storm fronts which are consistent with the species occurrence in inland WA (Johnstone & Storr 1998). It should be noted that this is predominantly an aerial species with sparse observations of landing except when ready to breed; however, it does not breed in Australia.

5.1.1.7 Hooded Plover (Thinornis rubricollis)


Distribution and ecology: The Hooded Plover population extends from coastal New South Wales to the west coast of Western Australia. The species is absent between Eyre and the South Australian border but is present in Tasmania. Most of the Western Australian population is found on the coast from Jurien to the east of Esperance, and a part of the population nests inland (Elson & Singor 2008).

Nesting pairs of Hooded Plovers can be found on the shore of inland salt lakes, inlets and coastal sandy beaches. They lay two to three eggs on open sandy shores and beaches. Eggs and flightless young are highly vulnerable to predation (Red Foxes, feral cats, dogs), human disturbance and vehicles (Burbidge & Mather 2002). Predation by foxes seems to have decreased since the beginning of the Western Shield Program.

Records and likely distribution in the study area: The Hooded Plover is unlikely to occur within the study area as no suitable habitat is present. The species is likely to utilise the Lake Moore salt lake located approximately 26 km to the east of the study area.



5.1.1.8 Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo (Cacatua leadbeateri)

Status: Schedule 4 (WC Act)

Distribution and ecology: The Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo is a large cacatuidae found in semi-arid inland Australia. In WA the species’ distribution range is scattered and patchy. Several major populations are distinguished: Great Sandy Desert, Murchison River, Lake Moore / Barlee complex and the Great Victorian Desert. They are found in open woodlands with tall eucalyptus in the proximity of water. The species is rare to uncommon across most of its distribution range in WA (Johnstone & Storr 1998). Breeding has only been recorded in the wheatbelt, the species nests in large tree hollows, usually river gums and Salmon gums.

Records and likely distribution in the study area: Typical habitat of open woodlands for this species occurs in the study area and the species is considered likely to occur. The presence of Salmon gum woodlands within the study area may provide potential hollow sites for the species to nest.

5.1.1.9 Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)


Distribution and ecology: The Peregrine Falcon is a widespread bird of prey found across Australia, with a large foraging range. In Western Australia, it can be rare or scarce to moderately common. The Peregrine Falcon’s preferred habitat includes cliffs and wooded watercourses. Nesting occurs mainly on cliff ledges, granite outcrops, quarries and in trees with old raven or Wedge-tailed Eagle nests (Johnstone & Storr 1998). Birds constitute a very large proportion of their diet, if not the exclusive part (Johnstone & Storr 1998; Ratcliffe 1980).

Historically, the widespread use of the organochlorin insecticide DDT caused worldwide global decline of the Peregrine Falcon. The main current threat to the species in Australia is habitat loss, particularly woodland trees for nesting (DSEWPC 2011b).

Records and likely distribution in the study area: The Peregrine Falcon is considered likely to occur within the study area. It is unlikely the species will nest in the study area due to limited availability of nesting sites; however, it is likely the species will actively forage in the area.

5.1.1.10 Rainbow Bee-eater (Merops ornatus)


Distribution and ecology: The Rainbow Bee-eater is a migratory bird that moves between Australia and Asia commonly seen singly or in pairs. It can be found across Australia, with complex seasonal movements depending on location and rainfall, preferring the more watered areas of the country. In Western Australia, the Rainbow Bee-eater can be found in lightly wooded, preferably sandy country, near water.

Occurring as a resident, breeding visitor, postnuptial nomad, passage migrant or winter visitor, and being highly mobile, they can be scarce to locally common. They are often associated with creeklines supporting sandy banks in which burrows can be created (Johnstone & Storr 1998). Its diet consists primarily of bees (especially hive bees) and flies, but is known to predate on other invertebrates. Breeding occurs from August to November; however, breeding can occur at other times of year if environmental conditions are suitable. Four to six eggs are laid in an open chamber at the end of a burrow dug into sandy banks, angled ground and occasionally creeklines themselves (Johnstone & Storr 1998).



Records and likely distribution in the study area: The species is likely to occur within the study area as potential habitat is present, particularly along minor drainage lines where loose sandy soil is available for the species to burrow and nest.

5.1.1.11 Shy Heathwren (Hylacola cauta whitlocki)


Distribution and ecology: The Shy Heathwren is found in south-western Australia, southern South Australia, north-west Victoria and central New South Wales. Hylacola cauta whitlocki is not mentioned by Christidis and Boles (2008) but is listed under the Action Plan for Australian Birds (Garnett et al. 2011) and the DEC Priority Fauna List, which is based on the taxonomy produced by Schodde and Mason (1999). This subspecies is endemic to south-western Australia, where it is confined to the wheatbelt.

The species is mostly found across scrub habitats on stony soils (Johnstone & Storr 2004). They obtain their food on the ground. The nest is a dome built in a depression or low in a bush with a single circular entrance and is made of dry plant material. The species has declined in the wheatbelt due to the large-scale clearing for agricultural lands. The remaining populations are experiencing continuous fragmentation and habitat alteration by stock and weed invasion (Garnett et al. 2011).

Records and likely distribution in the study area: No records of the Shy Heathwren were collected during the survey; however, it is likely the species will occur within the study area. Potential habitat for the species is present, particularly areas of dense scrub and shrubland.

5.1.1.12 Slender-billed Thornbill (Acanthiza iredalei iredalei)

Status: Vulnerable (EPBC Act)

Distribution and ecology: Several subspecies of Slender-billed Thornbill are currently recognised. The nominate race A. i. iredalei is the only subspecies of Slender-billed Thornbill found in WA, across a central strip of arid habitats.

In WA, the species lives in chenopod shrublands and in the low vegetation surrounding saline lakes. Trees are absent from the species’ habitat. Nests are built close to the ground, in a small bush.

Grazing (especially by sheep and rabbits) has played a critical role in Slender-billed Thornbill’s habitat degradation and still limits the distribution of the species today (Garnett et al. 2011).

Records and likely distribution in the study area: It is unlikely the Slender-billed Thornbill will occur within the study area as no suitable habitat for the species is present. It is likely to occur in the greater area around the study area in shrublands surrounding Lake Moore.

5.1.1.13 Gilled Slender Blue-tongue (Cyclodomorphus branchialis)


Distribution and ecology: The Gilled Slender Blue-tongue is small long bodied skink that prefers semi-arid shrublands on heavy sand and loam soils in the mid-west region of W.A.; from Irwin River north to the Murchison River and inland to Yalgoo. Listed as Schedule 1 under the WC Act and Vulnerable by the Department of Environment and Conservation due to its limited range and threats, including predation by introduced species and habitat clearing.

An omnivorous skink with a diet consisting of invertebrates (particularly snails), fruits and flowers. A live bearing species giving birth to generally two young. (Storr et al. 1999; Wilson & Swan 2010)



Records and likely distribution in the study area: The Gilled Slender Blue-tongue was not recorded during the survey, however; it is likely the species would occur. Potential habitat of shrublands on heavy sand and loam soils was identified during the survey which may support the species (Figure 4-9). The nearest record of the Gilled Slender Blue-tongue is located approximately 50 km to the northwest of the study area (DEC 2012).

5.1.1.14 Western Spiny-tailed Skink (Egernia stokesii badia)

Status: Endangered (EPBC), Schedule 1 (WC Act)

Distribution and ecology: A large skink distinguishable by its short stocky body and spined tail. Found in semi-arid habitats across the mid-west region of W.A. It is generally associated with areas providing rocky outcrops or hollowed timber. The species is listed as Endangered under the EPBC Act, Schedule 1 under the Wildlife Conservation Act and Vulnerable by the Department of Environment and Conservation. Threatened due to land clearing and removal of habitat for pastoralism and predation by introduced species such as foxes and cats. An omnivorous skink that gives birth to live young. (Storr et al. 1999; Wilson & Swan 2010)

Records and likely distribution in the study area: No specimens of the Western Spiny-tailed Skink were recorded during the survey; however, potential habitat consisting of fallen salmon gum branches that contain suitable hollows, and where vegetation assemblages contain moderate to dense small to medium shrub cover (as opposed to open woodlands with minimal ground cover) was identified (Figure 4-8) and it is considered likely to occur. The species has been recorded previously at AWC’s Mt Gibson Sanctuary in similar habitat to that found in the study area (Australian Wildlife Coservancy 2009). The species has a distinctive behaviour of depositing faecal droppings (scats) outside of used refuges, in a pile or cluster which is readily identifiable even if individuals are not visible or hiding beneath shelter. No such scat piles were identified by Phoenix during the survey.



6 DISCUSSION This section summarises the key fauna values of the study area and surrounds, based on the results of the Level 2 assessment. It provides some guidance for consideration of fauna values at the design stage of the Project. By understanding and considering environmental values in the early stage of mine development, impacts to fauna can be avoided or minimised. This approach is consistent with the EPA’s mitigation sequence of avoid, minimise, rectify, reduce, offset.

A detailed impact assessment for fauna will need to be conducted once the Project has been better defined and project footprints have been confirmed.

6.1 CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANT HABITATS

The open-dense shrubland habitat present within the study area is of high fauna value because it supports Malleefowl and provides potential habitat for Shy Heathwren and Australian Bustard.

The open Eucalyptus woodland habitat is also considered of high fauna value as it potentially provides habitat for Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo, Western Spiny-tailed Skink and Gilled Slender Blue-tongue.

6.2 CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANT SPECIES

A total of 14 species of conservation significance were identified during the desktop review as potentially occurring in the study area. Four of these species are considered unlikely to occur in the study area (Table 6-1).

Ten species of conservation significance have been recorded or are likely to occur in the study area (Table 6-1):

Australian Bustard: this species does not require an additional survey. Crested Bellbird (wheatbelt): this species does not require an additional survey. Fork-tailed Swift: this species does not require an additional survey. Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo: targeted searches recommended as part of an additional survey to determine if the species is utilising the study area and/or if potential breeding habitat (suitable tree hollows) exist. Malleefowl: a targeted survey is advised for this species including breeding mounds and potential habitat, to better understand the distribution and habitat of the species in and around the study area. Peregrine Falcon: this species does not require an additional survey. Rainbow Bee-eater: this species does not require an additional survey. Shy Heathwren: this species does not require an additional survey. Gilled Slender Blue-tongue: further targeted surveying is recommended for this species and its habitat to better understand potential habitat and/or distribution within the study area. Western Spiny-tailed Skink: the species is known to occur on the Mount Gibson pastoral lease (the study area occurs within this). Additional targeted surveying is advised for this species and its habitat (including distinctive scat mounds) to better understand potential habitat and/or distribution within the study area.

The Desert Mouse should also be given further consideration once the tissue sample genetic analysis results are available. If confirmed as Pseudomys desertor, the record represents a significant range extension (321 km) and the specimen is likely to represent a population at the extreme of it’s range. According to EPA guidance (EPA 2008) “species at the extremes of their range, isolated outlying



populations and undescribed species” are considered significant fauna in environmental impact assessment (EPA 2008).

6.3 CONCLUSIONS

The study area is likely to support a larger number of species than recorded during the survey and there are currently some gaps in knowledge with regard to some potentially occurring conservation significant species. Accordingly, a follow up survey is recommended to better define use of the study area by conservation significant species, particularly Malleefowl, Western Spiny-tailed Skink, Gilled Slender Blue-tongue and Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo as well as gather further information on the vertebrate fauna assemblage. This additional survey will enable a more accurate assessment of potential impacts of the Project on vertebrate fauna.

Management of impacts to Malleefowl, in particular, will need to be considered during project design, operation and closure planning.



Table 6-1 Summary of conservation significant species likelihood of occurrence


WC Act Category


Records Summary

Birds

Australian Bustard Ardeotis australis P4 Desktop review Likely to occur – potential habitat present in study area

Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Mig. S1 / S3 (Mig.)

Desktop review Unlikely to occur – no suitable habitat present within study area

Crested Bellbird (wheatbelt) Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis P4 Recorded during survey

Recorded / known to occur – potential habitat present within study area

Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta Mig. Desktop review Unlikely to occur – no suitable habitat present within study area

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Mig. Desktop review Likely to occur – potential foraging habitat within study area

Hooded Plover Thinornis rubricollis P4 Desktop review Unlikely to occur – no suitable habitat present within study area

Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo Cacatua leadbeateri

S4 Desktop review Likely to occur – potential habitat in study area

Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata VU S1

Recorded during survey

Recorded / known to occur – potential habitat in study area, further studies required to assess importance of study area to this species

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus S4 Desktop review Likely to occur – likely to forage in study area.

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Mig. S3 (Mig.) Desktop review Likely to occur – potential habitat in study area

Shy Heathwren Hylacola cauta whitlocki P4 Desktop review Likely to occur – potential habitat in study




WC Act Category


Records Summary

area

Slender-billed Thornbill Acanthiza iredalei iredalei VU Desktop review Unlikely to occur – no suitable habitat present within study area

Reptiles

Gilled Slender Blue-tongue Cyclodomorphus branchialis S1

Desktop review Likely to occur – potential habitat in study area

Western Spiny-tailed Skink Egernia stokesii badia EN S1

Desktop review Likely to occur – potential habitat in study area, further studies required to assess importance of study area to this species

EN – Endangered (EPBC Act); VU – Vulnerable (EPBC Act); Mig. –Migratory (EPBC Act); S1 – Schedule 1 (WC Act); S4 – Schedule 4 (WC Act); P1 – Priority 1 (DEC); P2 – Priority 2 (DEC); P3 – Priority 3 (DEC); P4 – Priority 4 (DEC).



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Western Australian Malleefowl Network. 2006. WA Malleefowl Network Strategic Action Plan (2005-2010). WWF-Australia.

Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia. New Holland, Sydney, NSW.

Ziembicki, M. 2009. Ecology and movements of the Australian Bustard Ardeotis australis in a dynamic landscape. PhD thesis. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA.

Ziembicki, M. 2010. The Australian Bustard. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Vic.



Appendix 1 Survey site coordinates (Datum, GDA94)

Site number

Impa

ct A

rea

Non

-impa

ct

Area

Coordinates in Decimal Degrees Coordinates in UTM.

Latitude Longitude Northing Easting Zone

Systematic trapping sites

1 x -29.6453 117.2235 6720497 521628 50J

2 x -29.6569 117.2322 6719213 522469 50J

3 x -29.6817 117.2266 6716468 521926 50J

4 x -29.6647 117.2256 6718350 521836 50J

Opportunistic sites

Opp01 x -29.6792 117.2223 6716742 521506 50J

Opp02 x -29.6657 117.2265 6718240 521915 50J

Opp03 x -29.6531 117.2180 6719635 521096 50J

Opp04 x -29.6375 117.2289 6721357 522160 50J

Opp05 x -29.6364 117.2185 6721478 521146 50J

Opp06 x -29.6542 117.2246 6719512 521739 50J

Opp07 x -29.6550 117.2263 6719417 521899 50J

Opp08 x -29.6712 117.2313 6717626 522382 50J



Appendix 2 Species records from desktop review and surveys

Family Species Scientific Name

EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

AMPHIBIANS

Limnodynastidae Neobatrachus sp.

Limnodynastidae Neobatrachus kunapalari Kunapalari Frog

Limnodynastidae Neobatrachus pelobatoides Humming Frog

Limnodynastidae Neobatrachus centralis Centralian Trilling Frog

Limnodynastidae Neobatrachus sutor Shoemaker Frog

Limnodynastidae Neobatrachus wilsmorei Plonking Frog

Myobatrachidae Pseudophryne occidentalis Western Toadlet

REPTILES

Agamidae Caimanops amphiboluroides Mulga Dragon

Agamidae Ctenophorus cristatus Bicycle Dragon

Agamidae Ctenophorus nuchalis Central Netted Dragon

Agamidae Ctenophorus ornatus Ornate Crevice Dragon

Agamidae Ctenophorus reticulatus Western Netted Dragon

Agamidae Ctenophorus scutulatus Lozenge-marked Dragon

Agamidae Moloch horridus Thorny Devil

Agamidae Pogona minor minor Western Bearded Dragon

Boidae Antaresia stimsoni stimsoni Stimsons Python

Carphodactylidae Nephrurus vertebralis No Common Name

Carphodactylidae Underwoodisaurus milii Barking Gecko




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Diplodactylidae Diplodactylus granariensis granariensis

No Common Name

Diplodactylidae Diplodactylus pulcher No Common Name

Diplodactylidae Lucasium maini No Common Name

Diplodactylidae Lucasium squarrosum No Common Name

Diplodactylidae Oedura reticulata

Diplodactylidae Rhynchoedura ornata Beaked Gecko Diplodactylidae

Strophurus assimilis

Goldfields Spiny-tailed Gecko

Elapidae Brachyurophis semifasciata No Common Name Elapidae

Demansia psammophis reticulata

Yellow-faced Whipsnake

Elapidae Parasuta monachus

Elapidae Pseudechis australis Mulga Snake

Elapidae Pseudechis butleri Spotted Mulga Snake

Elapidae Pseudonaja modesta Ringed Brown Snake Elapidae

Pseudonaja nuchalis

Gwardar; Northern Brown Snake

Elapidae Simoselaps bertholdi Jan's Banded Snake

Elapidae Suta fasciata Rosen's Snake

Gekkonidae Gehyra variegata Variegated Tree Dtella

Gekkonidae Heteronotia binoei Bynoe's Gecko

Pygopodidae Delma australis No Common Name




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Pygopodidae Lialis burtonis Burton's Legless Lizard

Pygopodidae Pygopus nigriceps No Common Name Scincidae

Cryptoblepharus buchananii

No Common Name

Scincidae

Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus

No Common Name

Scincidae Ctenotus mimetes No Common Name

Scincidae Ctenotus pantherinus Leopard Ctenotus

Scincidae Ctenotus schomburgkii No Common Name

Scincidae Ctenotus severus No Common Name

Scincidae Ctenotus uber No Common Name Scincidae

Cyclodomorphus branchialis Gilled Slender Blue-tongue S1

Scincidae Egernia depressa Southern Pygmy Spiny-tailed Skink

Scincidae Egernia stokesii badia Western Spiny-tailed Skink EN S1 Scincidae

Eremiascincus richardsonii

Broad-banded Sand Swimmer

Scincidae Lerista gerrardii No Common Name Scincidae

Lerista king (formerly L.muelleri

No Common Name

Scincidae Lerista nichollsi No Common Name

Scincidae Liopholis inornata No Common Name

Scincidae Menetia greyii No Common Name

Scincidae Morethia butleri No Common Name




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Scincidae Tiliqua occipitalis Western Bluetongue

Scincidae Tiliqua rugosa Bobtail

Typhlopidae Ramphotyphlops hamatus No Common Name Varanidae

Varanus caudolineatus

Stripe-tailed Pygmy Monitor

Varanidae Varanus giganteus Perentie

Varanidae Varanus gouldii Bungarra or Sand Monitor

Varanidae Varanus panoptes Yellow-spotted Monitor

Varanidae Varanus tristis tristis Black-headed Monitor

MAMMALS

Bovidae Capra hircus Goat

Canidae Canis lupus Dog/Dingo

Canidae Vulpes vulpes Red Fox

Dasyuridae Antechinomys laniger Kultarr

Dasyuridae Ningaui yvonneae Southern Ningaui

Dasyuridae Pseudantechinus woolleyae Woolley's Pseudantechinus

Dasyuridae Sminthopsis crassicaudata Fat-tailed Dunnart

Dasyuridae Sminthopsis dolichura Little long-tailed Dunnart

Dasyuridae Sminthopsis gilberti Gilbert's Dunnart

Dasyuridae Sminthopsis sp.

Emballonuridae Taphozous hilli Hill's Sheathtail-bat




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Felidae Felis catus Cat

Leporidae Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit

Macropodidae Macropus fuliginosus Western Grey Kangaroo

Macropodidae Macropus robustus Biggada (Euro)

Macropodidae Macropus rufus Red Kangaroo, Marlu Molossidae Mormopterus sp. (sp. 3 or

sp. 4) (formerly planiceps complex)

Southern Freetail-bat

Molossidae Tadarida australis White-striped Freetail-bat

Muridae Mus musculus House Mouse

Muridae Notomys alexis Spinifex Hopping-mouse

Muridae Notomys mitchellii Mitchell's Hopping-mouse

Muridae Pseudomys desertor Desert Mouse Muridae

Pseudomys hermannsburgensis

Sandy Inland Mouse

Muridae Rattus rattus Black Rat Phalangeridae

Trichosurus vulpecula vulpecula

Common Brushtail Possum

Tachyglossidae Tachyglossus aculeatus Echidna

Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus gouldii Gould's Wattled Bat

Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus morio Chocolate Wattled Bat

Vespertilionidae Nyctophilus geoffroyi Lesser Long-eared Bat

Vespertilionidae Scotorepens balstoni Inland Broad-nosed Bat




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Vespertilionidae Scotorepens greyii Little Broad-nosed Bat

Vespertilionidae Vespadelus baverstocki Inland Forest Bat

Vespertilionidae Vespadelus finlaysoni Finlayson's Cave Bat

Vespertilionidae Vespadelus regulus Southern Forest Bat

AVIFAUNA Acanthizidae

Acanthiza uropygialis

Chestnut-rumped Thornbill

Acanthizidae Acanthiza apicalis Inland Thornbill

Acanthizidae Pyrrholaemus brunneus Redthroat

Acanthizidae Hylacola cauta whitlocki Shy Heathwren P4

Acanthizidae Acanthiza robustirostris Slaty-backed Thornbill Acanthizidae

Acanthiza iredalei iredalei

Slender-billed Thornbill

VU

Acanthizidae Aphelocephala leucopsis Southern Whiteface

Acanthizidae Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill

Acanthizidae Gerygone fusca Western Gerygone

Acanthizidae Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill

Accipitridae Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk

Accipitridae Accipiter cirrocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk

Accipitridae Hieraaetus morphnoides Little Eagle

Accipitridae Lophoictinia isura Square-tailed Kite

Accipitridae Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Aegothelidae Aegotheles cristatus Australian Owlet-nightjar

Anatidae Tadorna tadornoides Australian Shelduck

Anatidae Chenonetta jubata Australian Wood Duck

Anatidae Stictonetta naevosa Freckled Duck

Anatidae Anas gracilis Grey Teal

Anatidae Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck Anatidae

Malacorhynchus membranaceus

Pink-eared Duck

Apodidae Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift S3

Ardeidae Ardea modesta Eastern Great Egret S3

Ardeidae Egretta novaehollandiae White-faced Heron

Artamidae Cracticus tibicen Australian Magpie

Artamidae Artamus cinereus Black-faced Woodswallow

Artamidae Artamus cyanopterus Dusky Woodswallow

Artamidae Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird

Artamidae Strepera versicolor Grey Currawong

Artamidae Artamus minor Little Woodswallow

Artamidae Artamus personatus Masked Woodswallow

Artamidae Cracticus nigrogularis Pied Butcherbird

Cacatuidae Nymphicus hollandicus Cockatiel

Cacatuidae Eolophus roseicapillus Galah

Cacatuidae Cacatua sanguinea Little Corella




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Cacatuidae Lophocroa leadbeateri Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo S4 Cacatuidae

Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli

Red-tailed Black Cockatoo

Cacatuidae

Cacatua pastinator derbyi

Western Long-billed Corella

Campephagidae

Coracina novaehollandiae

Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike

Campephagidae Lalage sueurii White-winged Triller Casuariidae

Dromaius novaehollandiae

Emu

Charadriidae Vanellus tricolor Banded Lapwing

Charadriidae Elseyornis melanops Black-fronted Dotterel

Charadriidae Thinornis rubricollis Hooded Plover P4

Charadriidae Charadrius ruficapillus Red-capped Plover

Charadriidae Erythrogonys cinctus Red-kneed Dotterel

Climacteridae Climacteris rufa Rufous Treecreeper

Columbidae Phaps chalcoptera Common Bronzewing

Columbidae Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon

Columbidae Geopelia cuneata Diamond Dove

Corvidae Corvus coronoides Australian Raven

Corvidae Corvus bennetti Little Crow

Corvidae Corvus orru Torresian Crow

Cuculidae Chalcites osculans Black-eared Cuckoo

Cuculidae Cacomantis flabelliformis Fan-tailed Cuckoo




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Cuculidae Chalcites basalis Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo

Cuculidae Cacomantis pallidus Pallid Cuckoo

Cuculidae Chalcites lucidus Shining Bronze-Cuckoo

Estrildidae Taeniopygia guttata Zebra Finch

Eupetidae Cinclosoma castanotum Chestnut Quail-thrush Eupetidae

Cinclosoma castaneothorax

Chestnut-breasted Quail-thrush

Eupetidae Psophodes occidentalis Chiming Wedgebill

Eurostopodidae Eurostopodus argus Spotted Nightjar

Falconidae Falco longipennis Australian Hobby

Falconidae Falco berigora Brown Falcon

Falconidae Falco cenchroides Nankeen Kestrel

Falconidae Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon S4

Halcyonidae Dacelo novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra

Halcyonidae Todiramphus sanctus Sacred Kingfisher

Hirundinidae Petrochelidon ariel Fairy Martin

Hirundinidae Petrochelidon nigricans Tree Martin

Hirundinidae Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow

Hirundinidae Cheramoeca leucosterna White-backed Swallow

Maluridae Malurus pulcherrimus Blue-breasted Fairy-wren

Maluridae Malurus splendens Splendid Fairy-wren

Maluridae Malurus lamberti Variegated Fairy-wren




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Maluridae Malurus leucopterus White-winged Fairy-wren

Megaluridae Cincloramphus mathewsi Rufous Songlark

Megapodiidae Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl VU S1

Meliphagidae Sugomel niger Black Honeyeater

Meliphagidae Lichmera indistincta Brown Honeyeater

Meliphagidae Melithreptus brevirostris Brown-headed Honeyeater

Meliphagidae Epthianura tricolor Crimson Chat

Meliphagidae Lichenostomus plumulus Grey-fronted Honeyeater

Meliphagidae Epthianura aurifrons Orange Chat

Meliphagidae Certhionyx variegatus Pied Honeyeater

Meliphagidae Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird

Meliphagidae Lichenostomus virescens Singing Honeyeater

Meliphagidae Acanthagenys rufogularis Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater

Meliphagidae Lichenostomus leucotis White-eared Honeyeater

Meliphagidae Epthianura albifrons White-fronted Chat

Meliphagidae Purnella albifrons White-fronted Honeyeater Meliphagidae

Lichenostomus ornatus

Yellow-plumed Honeyeater

Meliphagidae Manorina flavigula Yellow-throated Miner

Meropidae Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater S3

Monarchidae Grallina cyanoleuca Magpie-lark




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Motacillidae Anthus novaeseelandiae Australasian Pipit

Nectariniidae Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird Neosittidae

Daphoenositta chrysoptera

Varied Sittella

Otididae Ardeotis australis Australian Bustard P4 Pachycephalidae

Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis

Crested Bellbird (wheatbelt) P4

Pachycephalidae Pachycephala inornata Gilbert's Whistler

Pachycephalidae Pachycephala pectoralis Golden Whistler

Pachycephalidae Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush

Pachycephalidae Pachycephala rufiventris Rufous Whistler

Pardalotidae Pardalotus punctatus Spotted Pardalote

Pardalotidae Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote

Petroicidae Melanodryas cucullata Hooded Robin

Petroicidae Microeca fascinans Jacky Winter

Petroicidae Petroica goodenovii Red-capped Robin Petroicidae Petroica boodang

(multicolor campbelli) Scarlet Robin

Petroicidae Drymodes brunneopygia Southern Scrub-robin

Petroicidae Eopsaltria griseogularis Western Yellow Robin

Podargidae Podargus strigoides Tawny Frogmouth Podicipedidae

Tachybaptus novaehollandiae

Australasian Grebe




EPBC

Thr

eate

ned

spec

ies

EPBC

Mig

rato

ry

WC

Act

DEC

Intr

oduc

ed

Nat

ureM

ap

EPBC

Pro

tect

ed M

atte

rs

DEC

Thre

aten

ed F

auna

Bird

ata

ATA

(199

6)

HSA

(200

0)

Bam

ford

(200

4)

ATA

(200

4)

ATA

(200

5)

Bam

ford

(200

6)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11a)

Rich

ards

et a

l (20

11b)

This

Sur

vey

(Pho

enix

, 201

2)

Podicipedidae

Poliocephalus poliocephalus

Hoary-headed Grebe

Pomatostomatidae

Pomatostomus superciliosus

White-browed Babbler

Psittacidae Barnardius zonarius Australian Ringneck

Psittacidae Neopsephotus bourkii Bourke's Parrot

Psittacidae Melopsittacus undulatus Budgerigar

Psittacidae Psephotus varius Mulga Parrot Psittacidae

Glossopsitta porphyrocephala

Purple-crowned Lorikeet

Psittacidae Polytelis anthopeplus Regent Parrot

Rallidae Fulica atra Eurasian Coot Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostra novaehollandiae

Red-necked Avocet

Rhipiduridae Rhipidura albiscapa Grey Fantail

Rhipiduridae Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail

Rostratulidae Rostratula australis Australian Painted Snipe S1-S3

Strigidae Ninox novaeseelandiae Southern Boobook

Timaliidae Zosterops lateralis Silvereye

Turnicidae Turnix varius Painted Button-quail



Appendix 3 Echolocation survey of bat activity report



Appendix 4 Site descriptions of opportunistic survey sites

Site number Opp01 Site type Opportunistic Site Latitude -29.6792 Longitude 117.2223 Impact / Non-impact area Non-impact area Habitat Hill Slope Habitat type Woodland Dominant tree Eucalyptus/Corymbia Tree cover 0-25% Dominant shrub Acacia Shrub cover 26-50% Dominant grass NONE Grass cover 0% Slope Gentle Soil texture Clay Loam Soil colour Red / Brown Surface Coarse gravel Rock cover 25-50% Leaf litter distribution 0-25% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Sparse Disturbance details Grazing – Low; Vehicle Tracks Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Open woodland with scattered eucalypts. Acacia over various medium to small shrubs scattered. Disturbed area, tin shack with scattered tin and other rubbish present.



Site number Opp02 Site type Opportunistic Site Latitude -29.6657 Longitude 117.2265 Impact / Non-impact area Impact area Habitat Hill Slope Habitat type Shrubland Dominant tree NONE Tree cover 0% Dominant shrub Other Shrub cover 26-50% Dominant grass NONE Grass cover 0% Slope Steep Soil texture Sandy Clay Soil colour Brown Surface Coarse gravel Rock cover 50-75% Leaf litter distribution 0-25% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Sparse Disturbance details Grazing – Med; Vehicle Tracks Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Rocky slope with boulders at top of hill slope decreasing towards base. Scattered med/leg shrubs with dense small shrub cover amongst rocks.



Site number Opp03 Site type Opportunistic Site Latitude -29.6531 Longitude 117.218 Impact / Non-impact area Non-impact area Habitat Hill Slope Habitat type Shrubland Dominant tree Other Tree cover 0-25% Dominant shrub Other Shrub cover 26-50% Dominant grass Other Grass cover 0-25% Slope Moderate Soil texture Clay Loam Soil colour Red / Orange Surface Stones Rock cover 0-25% Leaf litter distribution 25-50% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Moderate Disturbance details Grazing – Low; Vehicle Tracks; Drill Pads and Tracks Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Open shrubland with scattered shrubs to 3m. Open understory with sparse small shrubs. Rocky/stony surface.



Site number Opp04 Site type Opportunistic Site Latitude -29.6375 Longitude 117.2289 Impact / Non-impact area Impact area Habitat Hill Slope Habitat type Open Woodland Dominant tree Eucalyptus/Corymbia Tree cover 0-25% Dominant shrub Acacia Shrub cover 26-50% Dominant grass NONE Grass cover 0% Slope Gentle Soil texture Sandy Clay Soil colour Red / Brown Surface Surface crust; Fine gravel Rock cover 0-25% Leaf litter distribution 0-25% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Sparse Disturbance details Grazing – Low; Erosion Channels Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Disturbed area with remnants of old housing/shack. Large area cleared and disturbed with scattered large eucalypts and acacias. Rubbish and building materials scattered around area.



Site number Opp05 Site type Opportunistic Site Latitude -29.6364 Longitude 117.2185 Impact / Non-impact area Impact area Habitat Plain Habitat type Open Woodland Dominant tree Eucalyptus/Corymbia Tree cover 0-25% Dominant shrub Other Shrub cover 26-50% Dominant grass Other Grass cover 0-25% Slope Gentle Soil texture Sandy Loam Soil colour Red / Orange Surface Loose soil Rock cover 0-25% Leaf litter distribution 25-50% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Moderate Disturbance details Grazing – Med; Vehicle Tracks; Large-Scale Clearing Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Open Eucalypt woodland scattered eucalypts with sparse mid story shrubs. Moderate small shrub cover of various species.



Site number Opp06 Site type Opportunistic Site Latitude -29.6542 Longitude 117.2246 Impact / Non-impact area Impact area Habitat Hill Slope Habitat type Open Woodland Dominant tree Eucalyptus/Corymbia Tree cover 26-50% Dominant shrub Other Shrub cover 26-50% Dominant grass NONE Grass cover 0% Slope Moderate Soil texture Sandy Clay Soil colour Red / Brown Surface Fine gravel; Coarse gravel Rock cover 50-75% Leaf litter distribution 0-25% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Moderate Disturbance details Grazing – Low Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Open Eucalypt woodland with sparse ground cover, scattered clumps of small shrubs around eucalypts. Stony, pebble cover.



Site number Opp07 Site type Opportunistic Site Latitude -29.655 Longitude 117.2263 Impact / Non-impact area Non-impact area Habitat Hilltop Habitat type Woodland Dominant tree Eucalyptus/Corymbia Tree cover 0-25% Dominant shrub Other Shrub cover 0-25% Dominant grass NONE Grass cover 0% Slope Moderate Soil texture Soil colour Surface Fine gravel; Coarse gravel; Stones Rock cover >75% Leaf litter distribution 0-25% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Sparse Disturbance details Vehicle Tracks Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Rocky ridge/hill top with boulders etc. Eucalypts on hill slope and scattered shrubs amongst rock piles.



Site number Opp08 Site type Opportunistic Site Latitude -29.6712 Longitude 117.2313 Impact / Non-impact area Impact area Habitat Plateau Habitat type Shrubland Dominant tree Eucalyptus/Corymbia Tree cover 0-25% Dominant shrub Other Shrub cover 51-75% Dominant grass NONE Grass cover 0% Slope Gentle Soil texture Clay Loam Soil colour Red / Brown; Red / Orange Surface Surface crust; Fine gravel Rock cover 0-25% Leaf litter distribution 25-50% Litter distribution Under trees Dead wood Dense Disturbance details Grazing – Med; Vehicle Tracks; Erosion Channels; Large-Scale Clearing Fire history None evident Fire intensity Description: Woodland with sparse scattered eucalypts. Moderate small-med shrub cover with lots of wood debris. Mallee fowl mound present with scratching’s around mound.



Appendix 5 Remote camera motions triggered during deployment at the Malleefowl mound

Unit Date Time Image Size File name

Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:44 AM 1,003,295 EK000031.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:44 AM 992,046 EK000028.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:44 AM 1,008,752 EK000029.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:44 AM 1,010,017 EK000030.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:44 AM 1,003,909 EK000032.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:44 AM 1,003,357 EK000033.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:47 AM 994,623 EK000034.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:47 AM 980,685 EK000035.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:47 AM 990,924 EK000036.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 6:48 AM 418,036 IMG_0131.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 6:48 AM 418,004 IMG_0130.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 6:48 AM 420,092 IMG_0132.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:50 AM 977,819 EK000038.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:50 AM 980,018 EK000039.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:50 AM 977,827 EK000037.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:51 AM 978,123 EK000045.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:51 AM 975,540 EK000044.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:51 AM 979,658 EK000043.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:51 AM 976,166 EK000041.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:51 AM 973,729 EK000040.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:51 AM 971,619 EK000042.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:52 AM 973,035 EK000049.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:52 AM 974,647 EK000051.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:52 AM 972,670 EK000047.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:52 AM 974,310 EK000050.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:52 AM 974,260 EK000048.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 6:52 AM 972,121 EK000046.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:00 AM 971,221 EK000052.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:00 AM 967,223 EK000053.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:00 AM 968,788 EK000056.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:00 AM 972,618 EK000057.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:00 AM 972,232 EK000055.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:00 AM 969,945 EK000054.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:01 AM 969,461 EK000060.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:01 AM 966,884 EK000059.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:01 AM 968,810 EK000058.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:03 AM 968,529 EK000062.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:03 AM 968,045 EK000063.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:03 AM 968,179 EK000061.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:10 AM 959,004 EK000065.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:10 AM 959,417 EK000064.JPG




Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:10 AM 958,253 EK000066.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:12 AM 959,257 EK000070.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:12 AM 959,901 EK000069.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:12 AM 958,701 EK000071.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:12 AM 960,371 EK000068.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:12 AM 963,252 EK000072.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:12 AM 961,191 EK000067.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:13 AM 958,803 EK000077.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:13 AM 957,767 EK000078.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:13 AM 957,786 EK000074.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:13 AM 959,230 EK000075.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:13 AM 960,743 EK000073.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:13 AM 959,880 EK000076.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:15 AM 961,547 EK000080.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:15 AM 961,731 EK000079.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:15 AM 959,285 EK000081.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:26 AM 956,411 EK000083.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:26 AM 951,773 EK000082.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:26 AM 953,994 EK000087.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:26 AM 957,382 EK000085.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:26 AM 960,958 EK000086.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:26 AM 954,317 EK000084.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:27 AM 964,307 EK000089.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:27 AM 962,205 EK000090.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:27 AM 961,144 EK000088.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:27 AM 966,130 EK000094.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:27 AM 965,412 EK000095.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:27 AM 967,542 EK000096.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:28 AM 966,307 EK000093.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:28 AM 970,846 EK000091.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:28 AM 964,121 EK000092.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:30 AM 959,495 EK000103.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:30 AM 957,678 EK000102.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:30 AM 956,988 EK000098.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:30 AM 958,288 EK000101.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:30 AM 957,924 EK000097.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:30 AM 960,087 EK000104.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:30 AM 961,963 EK000105.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:30 AM 958,475 EK000100.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:30 AM 959,124 EK000099.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:31 AM 676,635 IMG_0135.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:31 AM 673,845 IMG_0134.JPG




Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:31 AM 671,360 IMG_0133.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:32 AM 960,259 EK000108.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:32 AM 960,183 EK000107.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:32 AM 956,886 EK000106.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:33 AM 960,694 EK000109.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:33 AM 958,659 EK000110.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 7:33 AM 960,723 EK000111.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:34 AM 665,106 IMG_0137.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:34 AM 640,149 IMG_0141.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:34 AM 641,191 IMG_0140.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:34 AM 641,941 IMG_0139.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:34 AM 664,715 IMG_0138.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:34 AM 665,695 IMG_0136.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:35 AM 627,686 IMG_0142.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:35 AM 630,696 IMG_0144.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 7:35 AM 629,597 IMG_0143.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:19 AM 988,921 EK000113.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:19 AM 991,947 EK000112.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:19 AM 989,987 EK000114.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:20 AM 996,715 EK000118.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:20 AM 996,241 EK000122.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:20 AM 994,241 EK000116.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:20 AM 989,573 EK000115.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:20 AM 992,959 EK000120.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:20 AM 994,926 EK000119.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:20 AM 990,030 EK000117.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:20 AM 995,926 EK000123.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:20 AM 992,095 EK000121.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:21 AM 993,838 EK000124.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:21 AM 993,866 EK000125.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:21 AM 995,214 EK000126.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:22 AM 993,824 EK000129.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:22 AM 992,626 EK000127.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:22 AM 994,838 EK000128.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:23 AM 992,385 EK000132.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:23 AM 991,680 EK000136.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:23 AM 996,610 EK000130.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:23 AM 991,434 EK000134.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:23 AM 999,366 EK000139.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:23 AM 994,942 EK000138.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:23 AM 994,614 EK000137.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:23 AM 993,392 EK000135.JPG




Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:23 AM 991,365 EK000133.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:23 AM 993,631 EK000131.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 989,241 EK000147.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 993,168 EK000141.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 989,397 EK000143.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 988,450 EK000146.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 988,578 EK000148.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 992,301 EK000145.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 995,744 EK000140.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 988,286 EK000142.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 985,668 EK000149.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 989,185 EK000144.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 991,670 EK000150.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 696,551 IMG_0150.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 676,363 IMG_0147.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 697,105 IMG_0149.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 673,406 IMG_0146.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 669,258 IMG_0145.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 8:24 AM 698,563 IMG_0148.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 8:27 AM 697,850 IMG_0151.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 8:27 AM 698,871 IMG_0153.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 8:27 AM 698,347 IMG_0152.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:33 AM 1,015,518 EK000154.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:33 AM 1,014,690 EK000156.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:33 AM 1,015,528 EK000155.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:33 AM 1,015,391 EK000152.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:33 AM 1,015,453 EK000151.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:33 AM 1,011,052 EK000153.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 9:37 AM 839,017 IMG_0155.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 9:37 AM 837,642 IMG_0154.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 9:37 AM 839,026 IMG_0156.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:58 AM 1,024,178 EK000159.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:58 AM 1,030,447 EK000157.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:58 AM 1,026,419 EK000162.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:58 AM 1,032,966 EK000158.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:58 AM 1,027,632 EK000160.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:58 AM 1,031,019 EK000161.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:59 AM 1,030,124 EK000166.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:59 AM 1,028,218 EK000164.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:59 AM 1,027,266 EK000169.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:59 AM 1,027,944 EK000165.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:59 AM 1,027,053 EK000170.JPG




Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:59 AM 1,027,630 EK000167.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:59 AM 1,028,556 EK000163.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:59 AM 1,027,958 EK000168.JPG Bushnell 1/06/2012 9:59 AM 1,027,119 EK000171.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:02 AM 841,347 IMG_0157.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:02 AM 841,217 IMG_0158.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:03 AM 843,456 IMG_0164.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:03 AM 833,974 IMG_0160.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:03 AM 845,633 IMG_0168.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:03 AM 842,438 IMG_0159.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:03 AM 840,197 IMG_0163.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:03 AM 834,336 IMG_0161.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:03 AM 841,818 IMG_0165.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:03 AM 840,362 IMG_0162.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:03 AM 845,385 IMG_0166.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 10:03 AM 845,289 IMG_0167.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 11:25 AM 766,573 IMG_0175.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 11:25 AM 749,057 IMG_0173.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 11:25 AM 766,020 IMG_0176.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 11:25 AM 719,264 IMG_0171.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 11:25 AM 708,056 IMG_0169.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 11:25 AM 769,728 IMG_0177.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 11:25 AM 753,752 IMG_0174.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 11:25 AM 741,745 IMG_0172.JPG Reconyx 1/06/2012 11:25 AM 711,824 IMG_0170.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:03 AM 978,961 EK000180.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:03 AM 979,390 EK000179.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:03 AM 977,303 EK000178.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:13 AM 1,013,313 EK000181.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:13 AM 1,013,109 EK000182.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:13 AM 1,012,892 EK000183.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:30 AM 985,948 EK000184.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:30 AM 984,242 EK000185.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:30 AM 985,610 EK000186.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:31 AM 980,019 EK000188.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:31 AM 975,961 EK000192.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:31 AM 977,720 EK000190.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:31 AM 976,967 EK000191.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:31 AM 980,753 EK000189.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:31 AM 980,227 EK000187.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:33 AM 975,414 EK000195.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:33 AM 976,460 EK000193.JPG




Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:33 AM 975,966 EK000194.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:34 AM 978,784 EK000197.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:34 AM 978,945 EK000198.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:34 AM 981,228 EK000196.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:35 AM 980,481 EK000203.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:35 AM 977,263 EK000201.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:35 AM 986,219 EK000199.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:35 AM 985,467 EK000200.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:35 AM 980,900 EK000202.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:35 AM 980,346 EK000204.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:36 AM 988,443 EK000205.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:36 AM 979,798 EK000207.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:36 AM 980,020 EK000206.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:37 AM 984,664 EK000210.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:37 AM 983,239 EK000208.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:37 AM 984,205 EK000209.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:38 AM 984,912 EK000213.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:38 AM 985,233 EK000211.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:38 AM 986,133 EK000212.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:39 AM 990,358 EK000215.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:39 AM 979,183 EK000214.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:39 AM 980,646 EK000216.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:41 AM 994,537 EK000217.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:41 AM 995,597 EK000219.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:41 AM 994,780 EK000218.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 7:42 AM 256,756 IMG_0180.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 7:42 AM 257,048 IMG_0178.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 7:42 AM 256,967 IMG_0179.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:44 AM 1,007,708 EK000222.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:44 AM 1,005,201 EK000221.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:44 AM 1,003,717 EK000220.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:45 AM 986,267 EK000223.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:45 AM 988,226 EK000225.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:45 AM 987,878 EK000224.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:48 AM 976,245 EK000227.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:48 AM 980,131 EK000231.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:48 AM 980,254 EK000228.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:48 AM 984,545 EK000230.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:48 AM 978,544 EK000229.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:48 AM 977,393 EK000226.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:54 AM 966,279 EK000232.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:54 AM 960,527 EK000234.JPG




Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:54 AM 960,566 EK000233.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:57 AM 964,419 EK000235.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:57 AM 962,640 EK000237.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 7:57 AM 963,561 EK000236.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:00 AM 970,017 EK000239.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:00 AM 967,921 EK000240.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:00 AM 970,598 EK000238.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:02 AM 971,627 EK000241.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:02 AM 972,159 EK000242.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:02 AM 970,887 EK000243.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:03 AM 966,731 EK000244.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:03 AM 973,016 EK000245.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:03 AM 973,279 EK000246.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:04 AM 973,612 EK000249.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:04 AM 974,642 EK000247.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:04 AM 970,831 EK000248.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:06 AM 975,916 EK000251.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:06 AM 977,472 EK000250.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:06 AM 972,640 EK000252.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:12 AM 984,083 EK000255.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:12 AM 989,492 EK000254.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:12 AM 986,166 EK000253.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:13 AM 980,132 EK000259.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:13 AM 979,696 EK000261.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:13 AM 983,698 EK000258.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:13 AM 984,815 EK000256.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:13 AM 985,303 EK000257.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:13 AM 985,809 EK000260.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:14 AM 983,179 EK000263.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:14 AM 982,744 EK000264.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:14 AM 984,744 EK000262.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 985,909 EK000270.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 985,711 EK000265.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 986,531 EK000276.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 985,654 EK000267.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 986,802 EK000272.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 988,485 EK000271.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 984,257 EK000275.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 984,705 EK000266.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 984,970 EK000274.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 985,829 EK000273.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 989,461 EK000268.JPG




Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:16 AM 985,638 EK000269.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 8:17 AM 379,460 IMG_0183.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 8:17 AM 379,145 IMG_0182.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 8:17 AM 378,332 IMG_0181.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:19 AM 990,557 EK000281.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:19 AM 989,111 EK000279.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:19 AM 991,623 EK000280.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:19 AM 992,697 EK000278.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:19 AM 988,132 EK000277.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 8:19 AM 988,602 EK000282.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 10:00 AM 1,026,239 EK000176.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 10:00 AM 1,026,339 EK000172.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 10:00 AM 1,027,594 EK000174.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 10:00 AM 1,026,366 EK000177.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 10:00 AM 1,028,078 EK000175.JPG Bushnell 2/06/2012 10:00 AM 1,027,488 EK000173.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:20 AM 843,394 IMG_0186.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:20 AM 833,660 IMG_0187.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:20 AM 833,447 IMG_0189.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:20 AM 843,160 IMG_0185.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:20 AM 831,435 IMG_0188.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:20 AM 841,303 IMG_0184.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:21 AM 833,305 IMG_0194.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:21 AM 839,219 IMG_0191.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:21 AM 832,134 IMG_0193.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:21 AM 839,055 IMG_0192.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:21 AM 834,638 IMG_0195.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:21 AM 838,159 IMG_0190.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:22 AM 829,293 IMG_0198.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:22 AM 832,059 IMG_0196.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:22 AM 776,827 IMG_0201.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:22 AM 779,760 IMG_0200.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:22 AM 831,537 IMG_0197.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 10:22 AM 782,810 IMG_0199.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 11:07 AM 815,313 IMG_0202.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 11:07 AM 816,560 IMG_0203.JPG Reconyx 2/06/2012 11:07 AM 818,456 IMG_0204.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:49 AM 982,371 EK000337.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:49 AM 984,360 EK000339.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:49 AM 977,629 EK000334.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:49 AM 985,848 EK000338.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:49 AM 977,247 EK000335.JPG




Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:49 AM 974,623 EK000336.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:53 AM 980,864 EK000340.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:53 AM 979,561 EK000341.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:53 AM 979,672 EK000342.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 6:53 AM 414,034 IMG_0237.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 6:53 AM 414,589 IMG_0236.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 6:53 AM 412,386 IMG_0235.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:54 AM 979,707 EK000343.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:54 AM 972,978 EK000344.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:54 AM 980,119 EK000345.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:56 AM 980,005 EK000348.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:56 AM 980,192 EK000346.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 6:56 AM 980,745 EK000347.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:13 AM 968,204 EK000351.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:13 AM 975,877 EK000350.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:13 AM 973,452 EK000349.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:14 AM 968,765 EK000354.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:14 AM 967,410 EK000352.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:14 AM 968,778 EK000353.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:54 AM 970,638 EK000356.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:54 AM 970,690 EK000360.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:54 AM 971,560 EK000359.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:54 AM 972,521 EK000357.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:54 AM 969,216 EK000358.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:54 AM 971,102 EK000355.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:55 AM 971,931 EK000363.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:55 AM 972,354 EK000362.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:55 AM 967,474 EK000361.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:56 AM 972,266 EK000364.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:56 AM 974,305 EK000366.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 7:56 AM 974,900 EK000365.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 7:59 AM 603,946 IMG_0239.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 7:59 AM 601,718 IMG_0238.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 7:59 AM 604,392 IMG_0240.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:20 AM 991,318 EK000371.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:20 AM 987,979 EK000367.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:20 AM 984,470 EK000369.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:20 AM 988,057 EK000372.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:20 AM 989,496 EK000374.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:20 AM 990,013 EK000373.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:20 AM 985,360 EK000368.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:20 AM 991,077 EK000370.JPG




Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:20 AM 989,400 EK000375.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:48 AM 1,014,152 EK000380.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:48 AM 1,019,220 EK000377.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:48 AM 1,020,389 EK000376.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:48 AM 1,013,871 EK000381.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:48 AM 1,015,388 EK000379.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:48 AM 1,010,300 EK000378.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:51 AM 1,018,526 EK000386.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:51 AM 1,013,319 EK000382.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:51 AM 1,019,853 EK000387.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:51 AM 1,016,298 EK000383.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:51 AM 1,018,756 EK000385.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:51 AM 1,016,163 EK000384.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:52 AM 1,018,394 EK000388.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:52 AM 1,018,370 EK000389.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 8:52 AM 1,019,231 EK000390.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 8:52 AM 804,842 IMG_0242.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 8:52 AM 806,397 IMG_0243.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 8:52 AM 801,981 IMG_0241.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 10:05 AM 834,358 IMG_0245.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 10:05 AM 827,348 IMG_0244.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 10:05 AM 838,317 IMG_0246.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 10:06 AM 846,372 IMG_0249.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 10:06 AM 847,161 IMG_0248.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 10:06 AM 846,270 IMG_0247.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 10:07 AM 845,410 IMG_0251.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 10:07 AM 844,410 IMG_0252.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 10:07 AM 843,644 IMG_0250.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:15 AM 1,022,025 EK000283.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:15 AM 1,022,886 EK000284.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:15 AM 1,022,399 EK000285.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,025,718 EK000290.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,020,444 EK000287.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,022,004 EK000296.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,023,797 EK000294.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,025,244 EK000291.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,021,309 EK000293.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,020,612 EK000288.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,025,101 EK000300.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,025,701 EK000289.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,025,167 EK000299.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,024,123 EK000292.JPG




Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,023,665 EK000286.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,022,842 EK000295.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,025,975 EK000298.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:16 AM 1,022,632 EK000297.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,022,852 EK000312.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,026,452 EK000306.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,021,328 EK000307.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,021,535 EK000309.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,020,127 EK000311.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,024,596 EK000310.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,026,546 EK000304.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,026,466 EK000303.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,030,403 EK000302.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,024,394 EK000305.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,024,381 EK000301.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:17 AM 1,021,054 EK000308.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:18 AM 1,020,090 EK000318.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:18 AM 1,024,141 EK000315.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:18 AM 1,017,413 EK000316.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:18 AM 1,016,865 EK000314.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:18 AM 1,018,095 EK000313.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 10:18 AM 1,019,432 EK000317.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:03 AM 1,025,881 EK000324.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:03 AM 1,021,578 EK000319.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:03 AM 1,024,205 EK000320.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:03 AM 1,020,133 EK000326.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:03 AM 1,024,956 EK000321.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:03 AM 1,024,359 EK000322.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:03 AM 1,025,085 EK000327.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:03 AM 1,021,034 EK000325.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:03 AM 1,025,440 EK000323.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:04 AM 1,019,792 EK000329.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:04 AM 1,022,179 EK000328.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:04 AM 1,024,133 EK000331.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:04 AM 1,029,373 EK000330.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:04 AM 1,024,153 EK000332.JPG Bushnell 3/06/2012 11:04 AM 1,021,602 EK000333.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 11:09 AM 787,610 IMG_0257.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 11:09 AM 789,761 IMG_0255.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 11:09 AM 787,390 IMG_0256.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 11:09 AM 789,897 IMG_0258.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 11:09 AM 790,407 IMG_0261.JPG




Reconyx 3/06/2012 11:09 AM 790,738 IMG_0254.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 11:09 AM 787,837 IMG_0259.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 11:09 AM 790,223 IMG_0260.JPG Reconyx 3/06/2012 11:09 AM 788,225 IMG_0253.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 7:32 AM 974,893 EK000433.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 7:32 AM 974,509 EK000435.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 7:32 AM 974,739 EK000434.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:09 AM 961,388 EK000438.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:09 AM 962,280 EK000436.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:09 AM 960,609 EK000437.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:11 AM 964,172 EK000441.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:11 AM 963,739 EK000439.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:11 AM 966,751 EK000440.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:12 AM 964,709 EK000442.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:12 AM 961,258 EK000443.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:12 AM 964,343 EK000445.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:12 AM 962,026 EK000447.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:12 AM 962,172 EK000446.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 8:12 AM 966,140 EK000444.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 9:11 AM 979,004 EK000449.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 9:11 AM 980,338 EK000450.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 9:11 AM 980,085 EK000448.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:01 AM 1,025,216 EK000396.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:01 AM 1,024,905 EK000394.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:01 AM 1,022,983 EK000391.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:01 AM 1,026,886 EK000393.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:01 AM 1,029,136 EK000395.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:01 AM 1,026,523 EK000392.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:02 AM 1,026,634 EK000398.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:02 AM 1,021,316 EK000399.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:02 AM 1,027,318 EK000397.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:03 AM 1,018,662 EK000400.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:03 AM 1,030,582 EK000401.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 10:03 AM 1,026,092 EK000402.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:05 AM 1,019,381 EK000403.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:05 AM 1,018,814 EK000404.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:05 AM 1,016,722 EK000406.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:05 AM 1,019,089 EK000407.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:05 AM 1,022,792 EK000408.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:05 AM 1,024,296 EK000411.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:05 AM 1,016,723 EK000405.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:05 AM 1,019,700 EK000409.JPG




Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:05 AM 1,018,048 EK000410.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:06 AM 1,016,574 EK000413.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:06 AM 1,018,886 EK000416.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:06 AM 1,015,116 EK000417.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:06 AM 1,011,805 EK000415.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:06 AM 1,011,997 EK000412.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:06 AM 1,013,948 EK000414.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:07 AM 1,016,002 EK000420.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:07 AM 1,014,699 EK000419.JPG Bushnell 4/06/2012 11:07 AM 1,013,094 EK000418.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 7:57 AM 971,459 EK000451.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 7:57 AM 968,332 EK000452.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 7:57 AM 967,085 EK000453.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:00 AM 977,976 EK000456.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:00 AM 977,220 EK000454.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:00 AM 977,666 EK000455.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:01 AM 969,003 EK000457.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:01 AM 982,631 EK000458.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:01 AM 982,640 EK000459.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:04 AM 975,373 EK000462.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:04 AM 975,068 EK000461.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:04 AM 977,947 EK000460.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:27 AM 980,912 EK000464.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:27 AM 976,213 EK000465.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 8:27 AM 980,760 EK000463.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:14 AM 972,222 EK000466.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:14 AM 971,467 EK000468.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:14 AM 972,290 EK000467.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:16 AM 968,997 EK000471.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:16 AM 968,719 EK000470.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:16 AM 985,198 EK000469.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:17 AM 969,414 EK000475.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:17 AM 971,217 EK000476.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:17 AM 970,239 EK000473.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:17 AM 985,636 EK000474.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:17 AM 971,098 EK000477.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:17 AM 969,907 EK000472.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:45 AM 981,813 EK000480.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:45 AM 982,541 EK000479.JPG Bushnell 5/06/2012 9:45 AM 981,852 EK000478.JPG



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Level 2 Vertebrate Fauna Report - epa.wa.gov.au · Ryan Ellis Final submitted to client 1.5...

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