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Level II Agricultural Business Operations
Understand and identify the key crop production targets
Be able to state performance targets for individual crop types
Gain understanding of factors affecting crop performance
Lets us see what is happening
To compare different crop types or enterprises
Alerts us to problems
Identifies areas for improvement
Required to assess profitability
Spring Barley
Spring Oats
Spring Beans
Winter Barley
Winter Wheat
WOSR
Maincrop Ware Potatoes
Spring Barley - 6.0 t/ha
Spring Oats - 5.5t/ha
Spring Beans - 4.5t/ha
Winter Barley - 7.0t/ha
Winter Wheat - 8.5t/ha
WOSR - 4.0t/ha
Maincrop Ware Potatoes- 40t/ha
Spring Barley
Winter Spring Summer AutumnJanuary February March April May June July August September
Operation/
Growth stage
Soil Testing Ploughing/Cultivation Sowing Harvest
Nutrition
Lime Manganese
Seedbed N P K+Sulphur
Apply N balance
Diseases
T0
mildew
T1
Fungicide
T2
Fungicide Winter Spring Summer Autumn
Key targets to achieve good yields?
Sowing Date March – April Earlier - Better?
Inputs Seed rate Fertiliser Sprays
Harvest Harvest late August onwards Yield = 6t/ha Moisture content =14.5% Specific weight = 62-65kg/hl
Timeliness!!!
Sowing Date
Mid September to mid October
Inputs Seed rate Fertiliser Sprays
Harvest From late July Yield = 7t/ha Moisture content =14.5% Specific weight = 65-68kg/hl
World Record - 15.64t/ha Sowing Date September to November
Inputs Seed rate Fertiliser Sprays
Harvest End August onwards Yield = 8.5t/ha Moisture content =14.5% Specific weight =70-74kg/hl
Spring OSR Winter OSR
Sown mid Aug to early Sept
Harvest Early August
Yield - 4.0t/ha
World record 6.14t/ha
Break Crop
Sown March-April
Harvest Mid September
Yield - 2.5t/ha Moisture - 9%Oil Content – 42-45%
Break crop for wheat Winter or spring sown Yields
◦ Winter 7.5t/ha◦ Spring 6.0t/ha
Expanding milling market◦ Moisture – 13.5 %◦ Specific weight - > 50kg/hl◦ Free from odour◦ High Kernel content
Market dictates Variety which determines yield◦ Earlies◦ Processing/packing◦ Locally marketed
Planting - ◦ Seed rate affects tuber size◦ Planting date
Harvesting◦ Depends on market◦ Handling at harvest has big effect on potato quality
Setting seed rate & crop establishment
Grain Yield = Grain number X Grain weight
Grains per ear
Tillers per plant
Plants (m2)
Target plant population will vary with:
Establishment % depends on:
Variety
Sowing date
Seed Germination %
Sowing conditions
Soil type
Location
Target Crop Yields
Output/performance targets cereals
Importance of Timeliness Target Sowing dates Target Harvest dates
Potato quality parameters
Components of Grain Yield