Leveraging IMS for VoLTE and RCS Services in LTE Networks
Adnan Saleem, Chief Architect
ETSI Workshop – RCS, VoLTE, and Beyond
Kranj, Slovenia,
October 11, 2012
2 Radisys Corporation Confidential
Topics
Journey from TDM to Packet World
• The Myth and the Reality
Advantages of Moving to VoLTE/RCS
for Fixed and Mobile Operators
Leveraging IMS Core Network for VoLTE/RCS
• A Truly Converged Network
Ensuring the Best Media Experience
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Corporate Overview - Global Footprint
Vancouver
Hillsboro Boston
Dublin Gdansk
Tokyo
Penang
Shanghai
Shenzhen
San Diego
Bangalore
Research & Development Centers
Sales/ Support Offices
Manufacturing Site
Barcelona
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Corporate Overview Media Server (MRF/AS) Business Snapshot
NASDAQ Listed: RSYS
~ $350M per year Revenue
~ 950 employees
Markets Served
Telecom / Networking
Aerospace / Defence
Medical
Automation
Conferencing
Network Services
IMS MRF
Ringback Tones
IVVR
Transcoding
Source: Infonetics Research,
Service Provider VoIP Equipment and
Subscriber Market Share and
Forecasts - CY10
IP Media Servers Customers
IP Media Servers Leadership
IP Media Servers Solutions
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Application
Server
Media
Resource
Function
IMS
Internet
Policy &
Charging
Routing
Function
Policy &
Charging
Enforcement
Function
Mobility
Management
Entity
LTE Security
Gateway
Serving
Gateway
Packet
Gateway
eNodeB
User
Equipment
60+ Customer Wins
Macro Small Cells
VoLTE Video VAS
~65% Audio Conf Share
10G 40G ATCA
~40% ATCA Share
Traffic Management
Dumb Smart Pipes
Home eNodeB
User
Equipment
Radio Access Network Evolved Packet Core Policy Control IP Multimedia Subsystem
Radisys Supplies Products for End-to-End LTE Infrastructure
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Delivering Voice (and Video) … TDM to VoIP to VoLTE/RCS …
IP Packet Networks Originally Designed for Data
Voice Originally Delivered over TDM networks
• Dedicated channel for duration of the call
• Voice Delivery Separate from IP network
• Diversity of Network Elements to Support IP vs TDM traffic
2G/3G Networks Also Delivered Voice over Separate
Circuit Infrastructure
• Separated Access for Voice and Data Services
TDM Significantly Limited the Ability to Integrate
Voice with Other Services
• Result -> Lots of Limitations of Service Capabilities and
Unified Offerings
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Advantages of VoLTE and RCS
Reduced Cost and Complexity of Network
• Single All IP Network for Voice, Video, and Other Data Services
• IMS Core Network Enables Resource Sharing
Eliminates the Need for 2 Separate Networks
• Initially Circuit Switched Fallback, But Migrating to all IP
• Reuse of IMS Core Network for Resource Sharing
Unified Services via VoLTE and RCS
• Common IP Network with IMS Simplifies Unified Services
Innovations, Multiple Applications with Common Media
Monetizing Enhanced Value Added Services
Counter or Collaborate With Over the Top Services
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VoLTE: Essential for LTE success
“Circuit-switched voice is not going to disappear over the next five years. But we do need VoLTE to
gradually reduce our dependency from legacy 3G and 2G networks.” – APAC survey participant
Voice is still an essential
component and necessary
to LTE’s success
VoLTE needed to decrease
dependency on legacy
networks
Concurrent voice and data
connectivity is a driver to
deploy VoLTE soon
Source: Senza Fili survey, sponsored by Radisys
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Problem: Data Growth Outpacing Revenues
Capacity Mind The Gap
Text
Traffic Doubling every 12 months
Video = Operators’ Albatross
Must Increase ARPU
Must Lower Cost per Bit
Source: Cisco VNI Source: Heavy Reading
Revenues
Traffic
Revenues &
Traffic Gap
Widening
Revenue vs. Traffic Growth
Voice Era
Data Era
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Solution: The Path to Revenue Growth
Large Investments in LTE Infrastructure
• Investment Recovery Largely via Broadband Data Plans
But Revenues Need to Grow Beyond Data Plans
• Supplement via VoLTE, RCS, Other Value Added Services
VoLTE, RCS, and other VAS
driving need for IMS
Media Plane Processing in IMS
driving need for MRF
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VoLTE Use Cases Requiring MRF
Most VoLTE pt-to-pt calls do not need MRF
• If both ends have same codec, then established call path
doesn’t pass through MRF
But many VoLTE services need MRF
• Basic Network Services
– Playing a network announcement (basic service)
– Collecting digits with announcements (IVR)
– IP-to-IP transcoding (e.g. AMR-WB <-> AMR-NB)
• Revenue-Generating VAS services
– Playing a ringback tone
– Messaging (record and playback)
– Conferencing
– Branded advertising
– And many more….
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MRF in LTE IMS Core Deployments
Services in Packet Data Network
GPRS Core
Evolved Packet Core
Mb
Rx
ISC Mr’/Cr Mr
AS
CSCF
PGW SGW
MME
SGSN HSS PCRF
eNodeB
RNC
BSC
2/2.5G (Getran)
3G (UTRAN)
4G/LTE
IMS Core
Internet
Corporate Intranets
MRF
Multiple Applications (MMTel AS, RCS AS, Conferencing)
VoLTE/RCS and 3GPP Standards Compliance
Scalable HD Video and Transcoding for Mass
Deployment, Multiple Device Types
MRF Reuse Across Multiple Media Applications
AS
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MRF in 3GPP IMS Architecture
Mr Mr’/Cr
Application Layer
Control Layer
Bearer/
Media
Plane
Access
Layer
Mb Mb
Mp
S-
CSCF
HSS
S-CSCF RACS PDF
PCR
F
AS
MRFC
MRFP
MGCF/ SGF IBCF
2G Wireless 3G Wireless Cable DSL WLAN PSTN 4G/LTE
Internet IBGF
SGSN/ MGW
MRF
GGSN/ BAS/ A-BGF
BSC RNC CMTS DSLAM WAG eNodeB
SGW
PGW IMS-GW
Mp
LTE
Access
Non-LTE
Access
AS AS Services
Creation
Control
• MRF Provides Media Plane Resource for All IMS Applications
• LTE and Non-LTE Access Networks
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MRF Characteristics in VoLTE
End to End IP (No CS Domain Voice)
• Increases and exposes network bandwidth variability from end terminals
directly to MRF (i.e., no CS-IP MGW)
Key Aspects of MRF in LTE and non-LTE Deployments
• IMS-based All-IP voice and video (multiservice MRF)
• Service continuity with legacy 2G/3G handsets (via IMS GWs)
• High availability with low latency and jitter (media quality)
• New services for increased revenues (app-independent MRF reuse)
MRF: Essential Resource for VoLTE Supplementary Services
• Network voice services (Ann, IVR, RBT)
• Two-way or multi-party (conferencing)
• Voice quality for IP mobile environment
• Media recording / Legal Intercept
• Media transcoding / adaptation
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1. High variability in mobile access network
2. Packet loss due to fading
3. Increased delay and echo
4. Increased number and diversity of codecs
5. Increasing need for policy-based controls
6. Increasing density and bandwidth needs
7. Coexistence of IPv6 and IPv4 in 4G / LTE
8. Managing QoS and congestion, end-to-end
9. Voice Quality Enhancements in an All-IP network
10. Reusability across diverse IMS applications
VoLTE and Video MRF – Challenges
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Trends and Impacts on MRF Design
Mobile Data Bandwidth
Mobile Data Bandwidth Broadband, but highly variable
QoS and Policy Enforcement
Support for 2-way Interactive Services
Support for 1-way Streaming Services
Dynamic Rate Adaptation, Adaptive Bitrates
Policy Enforcement Functions via PCRF
LTE MRF Requirements B
andw
idth
time
Evolved
Packet
Core Network
Policy Control
Resource Function
(PCRF)
2-way (RTP, RTCP) LTE Packet
Radio Access Network
IMS Core
4G IP Handsets (IPv6) Multimedia
Content
1-way (HTTP, RTMP, RTSP)
AS
Radisys Media Server
(LTE IMS MRF)
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Trends and Impacts on MRF Design
Mobile Applications
Mobile Applications Growing 3rd party applications and cloud
services based on network MRF services, exposed by Open APIs
Network-based MRF under 3rd party network or device applications
Growing interest in MRB
(Media Resource Broker)
LTE MRF Requirements
3rd Party
Network
Applications Device
Applications
Network
MRF
Resources
Network
MRF
Resources
Evolved
Packet
Core Network
LTE Packet
Radio Access Network IMS Core
CSCF
Media Resource Broker
(MRB)
Application
Server(s)
MRF
Resource
Pool Radisys Media Server
(LTE IMS MRF)
3rd Party
Application
Server(s)
Op
en
Ap
pli
cati
on
AP
Is
Open Application APIs
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Control interface options
• RFC 4117 SIP (transcoding only)
• SIP/MSML (full MS feature control)
• H.248
AMR
(Circuit)
MRF for IP-IP Transcoding 3rd Party Call Control (3PCC)
Media Conditioning
Media - Circuit Network
Media - Packet Network
SS7
Benefits:
Only calls requiring transcoding get
treatment (not all calls)
Per-stream control of services media
processing and media conditioning
Service Provider
IP Network
G.722
(RTP)
G.722
(RTP)
AMR
(RTP)
SIP SIP
SIP/MSML
RFC 4117
H.248
MRF
Circuit Access
Network
SBC MGW
AS
CSCF
Media Conditioning
Using 3rd Party Call
Control (3PCC)
Business IP VPN HD G.722 across enterprise
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Fits directly in call path
Benefits:
• No external control required
• Selective media conditioning based on rules and triggers
AMR
(Circuit)
MRF for IP-IP Transcoding “Inline” solution
Media Conditioning
Media - Circuit Network
Media - Packet Network
SS7 Business IP VPN
HD G.722 across enterprise
Service Provider
IP Network
AMR
(RTP) G.722
(RTP) G.722
(RTP)
SIP SIP SIP
SBC
MRF
MGW
Circuit Access
Network
“Inline” IP-IP Media Conditioning Using Back-to-Back
User Agents (B2BUA)
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Trends and Impacts on MRF Design
LTE Device Evolution
LTE Device Evolution More Devices, Increasing Capabilities
Wideband Audio Codecs
High-end Video
H.264 Video (Baseline to High Profiles)
MPEG-4
AMR-WB
… with dynamic transcoding / transrating
LTE MRF Requirements
768kbps – 3 Mbps
(Synchronous up/down)
384 kbps – 768 kbps
(Synchronous up/down) 3+ Mbps (HD) 64 kbps
Audio
Narrowband -> Wideband -> Full Band
Video
Small Screens & Low Bitrates
-> HD High Framerates
GSMA IR.92 GSMA IR.94
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IMS Services Core for Video VAS and Conferencing
Mobile
Laptop
IP WAN
Tablet
Corporate
IP VPN
IMS Services Core
Small
Screen
Video
HD
Video
Corporate
HD Video
Wireline Broadband DSL, Cable
HD MCU
Application
Server (AS)
Smartphone
Home
Office
(SMB)
Office
Desktop
Head
Office
Telepresence
Mobile Broadband 4G/LTE, WiFi, HSPA
Media Resource
Function (MRF)
Video
Content/
Storage
Call State Control
Function (CSCF)
HSS/PCRF
Enterprise
UC
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RCS Video Use Cases
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MPX-12000 – VoLTE MRF Video & Voice over LTE
VoLTE Media Resource Function
• High Definition Voice, including AMR-WB
• VQE – critical media conditioning in noisy
wireless environment
RTP media processing for RCS services
Conversational Video
• Video calling – HD video 720p, H.264
• Video conferencing
• Video Transcoding
Audio/Video VAS
• Conferencing, Ringback, Multimedia mail…
Open 40G ATCA Platform
"Mavenir has already integrated the Radisys CMS-9000 media server with our mOne Convergence
Platform for one of our LTE operator deployments…. Products like the MPX-12000 – with a design
objective to increase MRF media processing capacities for mobile video services – offers an enticing
MRF product evolution for LTE operators"
– Terry McCabe, CTO, Mavenir Systems
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LTE Mobile Networks Trends and Impacts on MRF Design
Network Infrastructure • Flat, Distributed Architecture
• Pure end-to-end IP Network
• High Bandwidth I/O
Mobile Bandwidth Broadband, but highly variable
QoS and Policy Enforcement
LTE Device Evolution More Devices, Increasing Capabilities
Wideband Audio Codecs
High-end Video
Network Services API’s for Web 2.0 Trends around 3rd party devices or
applications controlling network services, exposed by APIs
IPv4/v6 support
Centralized and Distributed MRFs
RTCP-XR
Dynamic Rate Adaptation, Adaptive Bitrates
PCRF – Rx interface
H.264 Video (high resolutions and bitrates)
H.265, VP8
AMR-WB, Ultra Wideband
Network-based MRF under 3rd party application control
Growing interest in MRB
Trends LTE MRF Requirements
Embedded Wireless Infrastructure Solutions
MSF IOT
(MRF TEST CASES SUMMARY) October 01 – 12, 2012, Kranj, Slovenia
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MSF – VoLTE IOT (Scenario 1)
Supplementary Services via MRF (MMTel and RCS AS)
Basic Media Services (CSCF - MRF)
IMS UA
MME
S-GW
HSS P-CSCF
P-GW
PCRF
UE
eNodeB
IMS Core
LTE-Uu S11
S5
Gx
SGi
Rx
S6a
S1-MME
S1-U
IMS UA
UE
LTE-Uu
I/S-CSCF
Sh
Mw
I
S
CCx
UtUt
Sec-
GW
DRA
S6a
ShCx
Rx
Gx
MMTel / RCS
Application
Servers
ENUM
Server
ENUM
MRFMr’
Mr
Figure 1 - Scenario 1 – Home/Single Network IMS/RCS Services
Mb (RTP/RTCP)
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MRF – Sample Call Flows (Ann and Conferencing) (Ref: 3GPP TS 23.849)
MR B
MRF AS
Home Network
S - CSCF
1 . S e s s i o n I n i t i a t i o n [ 1 ]
3 . Service Logic
2 . Session Initiation [ 1 ]
4 . Session Initiation [ 2 ]
6 . Session Failure [ 2 ]
7 . Service Logic
5 . Session Failure
12 . Play Tone / Announcement
Visited Network
1 0 . Dialogue 1 is handled normally using the information from MRF 11 . QoS and resources are reserved
8 . MRB / MRF Service Discovery : - Provisioning from VPLMN at registration or session
initiation - Configuration in HPLMN
9 a . Invoke MRF via MRB ( new leg )
9 b . Session Initiation to MRF via S - CSCF , MRF selects media resources ( new leg )
MR B
MRF AS
Home Network
S - CSCF 1 .
S e s s i o n I n i t i a t i o n ( a d - h o c c o n f ) [ 1 ]
3 . Service Logic
2 . Session Init . ( ad - hoc conf ) [ 1 ]
6 . Session Init . ( UE 2 ) [ 3 ]
16 . Establish path between UE 1 and MRF
4 . MRB / MRF Service Discovery : - Provisioning from VPLMN at registration or session
initiation - Configuration in HPLMN
7 . Session Init . ( UE 2 ) [ 3 ]
8 . Establish path between UE 2 and MRF
9 . Repeat steps 5 - 11 for UE 3 [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] 10 . Session Init . ( UE 1 ) [ 6 ]
13 . 200 OK ( UE 1 ) [ 6 ]
11 . Session Initiation ( UE 1 ) [ 6 ] 12 . 200 OK ( UE 1 ) [ 6 ]
14 . 200 OK ( UE 1 ) [ 1 ] 15 . 200 OK ( UE 1 ) [ 1 ]
Home / Visited Network
5 b . Session Initiation to MRF via S - CSCF , MRF selects media resources ( new leg 2 )
5 a . Establish session via MRB ( new leg 2 )
Play Tone
or Ann Multi Party
Conference
Mixer
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MRF: Service Identification & Triggering
CSCF-based Service Identification and Triggering
SIP methods, URI, Headers for Filter Criteria
Ex:
MMTel or
RCS AS
Ex:
Multimedia
Conference AS
MRF MRF
Ref: 3GPP TS 23.218 IM Call Model Stage 2 Release 11
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MRF Test Case Additions (Scenario 1)
Test Cases Based on 3GPP Mr and Mr’ Interfaces • SIP, SIP+XML, SIP+VoiceXML
S1b (VoLTE and MMTel) • S1b-26 (Audio Announcements)
• S1b-27 (Audio Transcoding in Two-Party Call)
• S1b-28 (Multiparty Audio Conferencing)
• All Test Cases with Automatic Transcoding via MRF
S1c (RCS – Video Share) • S1c-52 (In Call Services – Video Share with Transrating)
• S2c-53 (In Call Services – Video Share with Transcoding)
• H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 Codecs with Transrating / Scaling
S1d (Video Calls/Conferences) • S1d-28 (Multiparty Multimedia Conference)
• Voice Activated Switching with Multi-device Multi-codec Support
• Interactive Voice and Video Response (IVVR)
msf2012.117.00
msf2012.118.00
msf2012.119.00
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S1b-26 (Audio Announcements)
Audio (or Video) Announcements
AS MRFUE
(1) INVITE (SDP-UE)
(3) 100 Trying
(2) INVITE “sip:annc” (SDP-UE)
(4) 100 Trying
(5) 200 OK (SDP-MRF)
(6) 200 OK (SDP-MRF)
(7) ACK
(8) ACK
Play Multimedia Announcement (RTP)
(9) BYE
(10) BYE
(11) 200
(12) 200
Figure 27 – Multimedia Announcement Message Flow
Announcement
Source
Internal or
External via
HTTP or NFS
Server
UE with
Varying
Audio/Video
Capabilities
(Eg: AMR,
AMR-WB,
G.711)
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S1b-27 (Transcoding in Two-Party Calls)
Audio (or Video) Transcoding (2-PTY Call)
MRF
2-PTY
Transcoding
Ex: UE-A
(G.711)
AS MRFUE-A
(1) INVITE “sip:transcoding@target=UE-B”
(SDP-A: G.711)
(2) INVITE “sip:conf=123” (SDP-A: G.711)
(3) 200 OK (SDP-MRF: G.711)
(5) ACK
UE-B
(4) 200 OK (SDP-MRF: G.711)
RTP (G.711)
RTP (AMR)
G.711 <-> AMR
Transcoding
(7) INVITE
(8) 200 OK (SDP-B: AMR)
(9) INVITE “sip:conf=123” (SDP-B: AMR)
(10) 200 OK (SDP-MRF: AMR)
(11) ACK (SDP-MRF: AMR)
(6) ACK
(12) ACK
Figure 28 – Transcoding in Two-Party Call Message Flow
Ex: UE-B
(AMR)
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S1b-28 (Multiparty Conferencing) With Transcoding and Media Conditioning
Audio (or Video) Multiparty Conference Mix MRF
Media
Mixing
UE-A, UE-B,
and UE-C
May All Be
Different
Codecs
(Eg: EVRC,
AMR, AMR-
WB)
AS MRFUE-B
(7) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”(8) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(9) 200 OK
(11) ACK
UE-C
(10) 200 OK
(12) ACK
(13) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”
(15) 200 OK
(17) ACK
(16) 200 OK
(18) ACK
(14) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
UE-A
(1) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”(2) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(3) 200 OK
(5) ACK
(4) 200 OK
(6) ACK
RTP (UE-A)
RTP (UE-B)
RTP (UE-A + UE-C)
RTP (UE-B + UE-C)
RTP (UE-A + UE-B)
RTP (UE-A)
RTP (UE-B)
RTP (UE-C)
Audio Mixing
Figure 29 – Three-Way Multimedia Conference Message Flow
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S1c-52 (In Call Services) RCS Video Share with Transrating
Video Share with Transrating (BW Optimization)
MRF
Video Share
with
Transrating
Video Share
(Send)
UE-A (1 Mbps)
AS MRFUE-A
(1) INVITE “sip:video-share@target=UE-B”
(SDP-A: H.264 1Mpbs, sendonly)(2) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(SDP-A: H.264 1Mpbs, sendonly)
(3) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.264 1Mpbs, recvonly)
(5) ACK
UE-B
(6) ACK
1 Mbps -> 384 kbps
Transrating
(4) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.264 1Mpbs, recvonly)
RTP (H.264 1Mbps)
(9) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(SDP-B: H.264 384kbps, recvonly)
(10) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.264 384kpbs, sendonly)
(12) ACK
(11) ACK
(SDP-MRF: H.264 384kpbs, sendonly)
(8) 200 OK
(SDP-B: H.264 384kpbs,sendrecv)
RTP (H.264 384kbps)
(7) INVITE
Figure 21 – In call Services – Video Share with Transrating
Video Share
(Receive)
UE-B (384 Kbps)
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S1c-53 (In Call Services) RCS Video Share with Transcoding
Video Share with Transcoding (Multi-device Support)
MRF
Video Share
with
Transcoding
Video Share
(Send)
UE-A (H.263)
Eg: Laptop
Video Share
(Receive)
UE-B (H.264)
Eg: Tablet
AS MRFUE-A
(1) INVITE “sip:video-share@target=UE-B”
(SDP-A: H.263, sendonly)(2) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(SDP-A: H.263, sendonly)
(3) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.263, recvonly)
(5) ACK
UE-B
(6) ACK
H.263 -> H.264
Transcoding
(4) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.263, recvonly)
RTP (H.263)
(9) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(SDP-B: H.264, recvonly)
(10) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.264, sendonly)
(12) ACK
(11) ACK
(SDP-MRF: H.264, sendonly)
(8) 200 OK
(SDP-B: H.264,sendrecv)
RTP (H.264)
(7) INVITE
Figure 22 – In call Services – Video Share with Transcoding
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S1d-28 (Video Call) Three-Way Multimedia Conference
Multimedia Conference (Voice Activated Switching) MRF
Multiparty
Multimedia
Conference
(Voice
Activated
Switching)
UE-A, UE-B,
UE-C Join
Multimedia
Conference
(Varying
Codecs ,
Frame and
Bitrates)
AS MRFUE-B
(7) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”(8) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(9) 200 OK
(11) ACK
UE-C
(10) 200 OK
(12) ACK
(13) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”
(15) 200 OK
(17) ACK
(16) 200 OK
(18) ACK
(14) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
UE-A
(1) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”(2) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(3) 200 OK
(5) ACK
(4) 200 OK
(6) ACK
RTP (UE-A audio/video)
RTP (UE-B audio/video)
RTP (audio: UE-A + UE-C; video: current or previous speaker)
RTP (audio: UE-B + UE-C; video: current and previous speaker)
RTP (audio: UE-A + UE-B; video: current or previous speaker)
RTP (audio: UE-A; video: current or previous speaker)
RTP (audio: UE-B; video: current or previous speaker)
RTP (UE-C audio/video)
Audio Mixing &
Video Switching
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Q&A
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