Lewis Mumford, The Highway and the City

What is transportation for?

A good transportation system minimizes

unnecessary transportation

In other words…

A good transportation system

Provides more access with less mobility

The Key Elements of Transportation Plan for Sustainable

City

1. Uses broadly defined goals embracing economic, social and environmental outcomes

2. Plans for desired outcomes, not continuation of past trends

3. Develops solutions maximizing access, not mobility4. Gives priority treatment to the cheaper, cleaner, more

efficient mode of travel5. Provides choices through a diversity of modes to meet

different needs and suit different contexts

Biloxi 2004Biloxi c2004

Roads Slated for Expansion

Biloxi 2025

8 lanes 6 lanes 5 lanes 4 lanes

Biloxi 2025With Road Expansion

Gulfport 2004Gulfport c2004

Roads Slated for Expansion

Gulfport 2025

8 lanes 6 lanes 5 lanes 4 lanes

Gulfport 2025With Road Expansion

254 miles

How Do We Measure Success?

100%

125%

150%

1990 1995 2000 2005

Growth in Population and Traffic

50%

25%

0%

USA

100%

125%

150%

1990 1995 2000 2005

Growth in Population and Traffic

50%

25%

0%

Mississippi

Traffic Fatality in Mississippi

Traffic Fatalities per 100,000

25

15

30

6

Mississippi

Netherlands

USA

20001970

Auto Dependency in Mississippi

Environment Society EconomyLevel 13 Domains

Level 212 Elements

(Goals)

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 07 09 10 11 12

Level 319 Indicators

***

* ** ** ** ** ** * * * * *

Level 422 Variables

Each indicator is measured by one or more variables

1 Minimize consumption of renewable and non-renewable resources for transportation

2 Design transportation and place making systems to maximize land use efficiency

3 Minimize transportation and place making system’s impact on ecological systems

4 Limit transportation related wastes and pollution

18

5. Transportation system meets access needs in a way that is consistent with human health and safety

6. Planning and management of transportation system incorporates different levels of government and community input

7. Transportation and place making system facilitates social interaction and social equity

8. Transportation and place making system meets basic access needs of all individuals

19

9. Transportation is affordable for individuals

10. Transportation is efficient for movement of people and goods

11. Transportation is locally self-sufficient

12. Transportation does not contribute to economic vulnerability of society

20

BestDist. of Columbia

17.4%

Alaska 22.1%

New York 22.6%

Connecticut 22.7%

Massachusetts 22.8%

WorstMississippi 44.2%

Wyoming 38.2%

Alabama 38.1%

Montana 38.0%

Kentucky 37.7%

BestOregon 6.7

Indiana 4.7

Dist. of Columbia

3.9

Massachusetts 3.8

South Dakota 3.4

WorstMichigan 0.3

Mississippi 0.4

Alaska 0.5

Louisiana 0.7

Hawaii 0.7

Connecticut: Ranked 19th, 23 % Growth in GDP, 12% Growth in VMT

BestNew York 12.5%

Washington 13.4%

Massachusetts 14.1%

Virginia 14.1%

California 15.1%

WorstMississippi 45.4%

Montana 40.8%

Rhode Island 40.3%

North Dakota 37.3%

South Carolina 37.1%

Connecticut: Ranked 40th, 32.9 % Federal Sources

BestDist. of Columbia

0.2%

New York 1.1%

Connecticut 1.4%

Delaware 1.4%

Rhode Island 1.5%

WorstAlaska 6.0%

Mississippi 4.5%

Montana 4.0%

Wyoming 3.9%

North Dakota 3.8%

Percentage spent on transportation petroleum shown

BestDist. of Columbia

90

New York 75

Massachusetts 73

Oregon 65

Washington 65

WorstMississippi 7

Montana 21

Arkansas 28

Wyoming 29

South Carolina 29

Connecticut: Ranked 16th, Score 55

27

1. Use broadly defined goals embracing economic, social and environmental outcomes

2. Plan for desired outcomes, not continuation of past trends3. Develop solutions maximizing access, not mobility4. Give priority treatment to the cheaper, cleaner, more

efficient mode of travel5. Provide choices through a diversity of modes to meet

different needs and suit different contexts

To what extent is transportation planning in Mississippi and Kingston

consistent with the elements of sustainable transportation planning?

Building Cities

An essential challenge for building more

effective cities is to get government back

to the job of consciously

designing them

- Alexander Marshall